| 词条 | Baron Hirsch Cemetery |
| 释义 |
|name = Baron Hirsch Cemetery |image =Baron Hirsch cemetery in Graniteville jeh.jpg |imagesize = |caption = |established = 1899[1] |country = United States |location = 1126 Richmond Avenue, Graniteville, Staten Island, New York |coordinates = {{coord|40.6221|-74.1549|display=inline}} |type = Jewish |owner = |size = about {{convert|80|acre|km2}}[2] |graves = |website = |map_type = New York City |map_caption = Location in New York City |findagraveid= 63913 }} Baron Hirsch Cemetery is a large Jewish cemetery in the neighborhood of Graniteville, on Staten Island, in New York City, and named for Baron Maurice de Hirsch. HistoryBaron Hirsch was established in 1899.[1] In January, 1960, the cemetery drew national attention when 87 headstones were smeared with yellow paint and the words “Fuhrer,” and the German words for death and fatherland. That incident and others led President Dwight D. Eisenhower to declare that freedom and decency could be destroyed everywhere if Americans ignored the "virus of bigotry" or permitted it "to spread one inch."[2] Nevertheless, continued vandalism,[3][4][5][6] as well as apathy and neglect[7] remained problems at Baron Hirsch for decades, resulting in numerous overturned grave markers. A major cleanup of the grounds was started in March 2011 with the help of the Community Alliance for Jewish-affiliated Cemeteries,[7] and a fence was built to enclose the cemetery. The 121st precinct house of the New York Police Department, which adjacent to the cemetery and overlooks it, opened in 2013,[8] and may have helped curb vandalism as well. The cemetery is composed of about 500 plots or sections belonging to synagogues, Jewish associations, family circles, and most commonly, landsmanshaftn. Most plots are entered via gates or pairs of stone columns. Some of the landsmanshaftn plots have monuments dedicated to Holocaust victims of the Nazis in their ancestral town.[9][10][11][12] Notable burials
References1. ^1 {{cite book|title=Proceedings of the Board of Aldermen of the City of New York from January 1 to March 27, 1906|date=1906|publisher=Board of Aldermen|page=1091|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DgtGAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=6 May 2016}} {{coord|40.6221|-74.1549|type:landmark_region:US-NY|display=title}}{{Jewish cemeteries in New York City}}2. ^{{cite news|title=President Scores 'Virus of Bigotry' — Warns It Must Be Stemmed as Peril to Freedom|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1960/01/13/286138972.html?pageNumber=1|accessdate=5 January 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 13, 1960|page=1}} 3. ^{{cite news|title=Two 200-Pound Doors Stolen From Cemetery|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/25/nyregion/two-200-pound-doors-stolen-from-cemetery.html|accessdate=5 January 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 25, 1981}} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Headstones Overturned In S.I. Jewish Cemetery|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/15/nyregion/metro-news-briefs-new-york-city-headstones-overturned-in-si-jewish-cemetery.html|accessdate=5 January 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 15, 1997}} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=Vandam|first1=Jeff|title=Neighborhood Report: Graniteville — In a Place Plagued by Vandals, The Pain of Putting Things Right|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/16/nyregion/neighborhood-report-graniteville-place-plagued-vandals-pain-putting-things-right.html|accessdate=5 January 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 16, 2004}} 6. ^{{cite news|last1=Engels|first1=Mary|title=S.I. Jewish Cemetery Vandalized|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/s-jewish-cemetery-vandalized-article-1.509761|accessdate=31 October 2016|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=August 2, 2002}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Grunlund|first1=Maura|title=Apathy, Neglect and Vines Overtake Staten Island Cemetery|url=http://www.silive.com/news/index.ssf/2012/08/apathy_neglect_and_vines_overt.html|publisher=Advance Publications, at silive.com|newspaper=Staten Island Advance|accessdate=5 January 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=N.Y.P.D. — New York's Finest — 121st Precinct|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/precincts/precinct_121.shtml|website=nyc.gov|publisher=City of New York|accessdate=31 October 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.museumoffamilyhistory.com/hm-wodzislaw-bh.htm|title=hm/wodzislaw/bh|publisher=|accessdate=22 April 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.museumoffamilyhistory.com/hm-gvardeyskoye-bh.htm|title=hm/gvardeyskoye/bh|publisher=|accessdate=22 April 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.museumoffamilyhistory.com/hm-nadvirna-bh.htm|title=hm/nadvirna/bh|newspaper=|accessdate=22 April 2016}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.museumoffamilyhistory.com/hm-hlusk-bh.htm|title=hm/hlusk/bh|publisher=|accessdate=22 April 2016}} 13. ^[https://books.google.ca/books?id=3fasCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT345 Citizen Newhouse: Portrait of a media merchant] 14. ^{{cite news|last1=Blau|first1=Eleanor|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/02/arts/joseph-papp-is-remembered-in-words-and-song.html|title=Joseph Papp Is Remembered in Words and Song|date=2 November 1991|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=22 April 2016}} 15. ^[https://books.google.ca/books?id=S_-joU2OLf4C&pg=PA8 Joe Papp: An American life] 16. ^silive.com 17. ^Baron Hirsch Cemetery 5 : Jews and Judaism in Staten Island|Jewish cemeteries in New York City|Cemeteries in Staten Island|1899 establishments in New York (state)|Cemetery vandalism and desecration |
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