词条 | Haapsalu | |||||||
释义 |
| name = Haapsalu | settlement_type = Town | image_skyline = Haapsalu - view from Castle.jpg | imagesize = 275px | image_caption = View from Haapsalu Castle | image_flag = Haapsalu lipp.svg | flag_size = 125px | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = Haapsalu coat of arms.svg | shield_size = 75px | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_size = | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = Estonia | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Estonia | coordinates = {{coord|58|56|22|N|23|32|27|E|region:EE|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Estonia}} | subdivision_type1 = County | subdivision_name1 = Lääne | established_title = Town rights | established_date = 1279 | government_type = | leader_party = Reform Party | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Urmas Sukles[1] | area_footnotes = [2] | area_total_km2 = 10.59 | elevation_m = 10 | population_footnotes = [2] | population_total = 10,236 | population_as_of = 2017 |population_rank = 13th | population_density_km2 = auto |demographics_type1 = Ethnicity | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Estonians | demographics1_info1 = 81% | demographics1_title3 = other (Finns, Swedes, Russians) | demographics1_info3 = 19% | timezone = EET | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = EEST | utc_offset_DST = +3 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 90503 to 90507 | area_code = (+372) 047 | registration_plate = S | website = www.haapsalu.ee }}Haapsalu ({{IPA-et|ˈhɑːpˈsɑlu}}; Swedish and German: Hapsal, {{lang-ru|Га́псаль}} Gapsal) is a seaside resort town located on the west coast of Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Lääne County, and on 1 January 2017 it had a population of 10,236.[2] DescriptionHaapsalu has been well known for centuries for its warm seawater, curative mud and peaceful atmosphere. Salt mud spas frequented by the Russian Romanov family still operate. Narrow streets with early 20th century wooden houses repeatedly lead to the sea. Haapsalu has been called the "Venice of the Baltics",[3] although this positioning has been criticized as exaggerating.[4] The name "Haapsalu" is from Estonian haab 'aspen' and salu 'grove.'[5] HistoryThe town dates back to 1279, when it was chartered and became the centre of the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek, which it remained for the next 300 years. Buildings from those early days remain today, including an episcopal castle which has the largest single-nave cathedral in the Baltic states, Haapsalu Castle. Haapsalu and the surrounding area was the center for the Estonian Swedes from the 13th century until the evacuation of almost all ethnic Swedes from Estonia in 1944. Healing spasFor many years, locals have claimed that the sea mud has a curative effect. A military doctor, Carl Abraham Hunnius, founded the first mud cure resort in 1825. News of the curative mud quickly reached the aristocracy of Saint Petersburg, the capital of the Russian Empire. Ever since then, Haapsalu has been a popular summer destination where people from all around the world come for medical treatment. Today, there are three mud cure establishments in Haapsalu varying in size and location. Haapsalu shawlIn the 19th century, Haapsalu became famous for its shawls, a delicate craft made by local women. Other attractionsThe Land of Ilon Wikland (Wiklandia), a recreation centre for children, is set to open in a few years within the town. This world-famous book illustrator has been involved with Haapsalu since her childhood. The August Blues Festival is held every August in Haapsalu. Since 2005 the town hosts Haapsalu Horror and Fantasy Film Festival, an annual film festival dedicated to genre films.[6] In 2017, the pastors of Haapsalu made an open statement calling to end the city's financing of the festival, claiming the horror and violence depicted in the screened films were not fit to represent the resort town image.[7] The same year the festival was held to a record-breaking attendance.[8] In popular cultureHaapsalu is site of a fencing school founded by Estonian fencer Endel Nelis, used as the setting of the Finnish-Estonian film The Fencer.[9] International relationsTwin towns — Sister cities{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Estonia}}Haapsalu is twinned with:[10]
GallerySee also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Linnavalitsuse liikmed|url=http://www.haapsalu.ee/index.php?lk=69|publisher=Haapsalu linn|accessdate=15 October 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313033202/http://www.haapsalu.ee/index.php?lk=69|archivedate=13 March 2011|df=dmy-all}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Population figure and composition|url=http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/Dialog/Saveshow.asp|publisher=Statistics Estonia|accessdate=15 October 2010}}{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Dallen J. Timothy|title=Cultural heritage and tourism in the developing world: a regional perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OLftI9psI8C&pg=PA239|accessdate=17 January 2012|date=18 May 2009|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-77621-9|pages=239–}} 4. ^{{cite book|author1=Derek R. Hall|author2=Melanie K. Smith|author3=Barbara Marciszewska|title=Tourism in the new Europe: the challenges and opportunities of EU enlargement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jv9hpg79epMC&pg=PA264|accessdate=17 January 2012|date=30 November 2006|publisher=CABI|isbn=978-1-84593-117-9|pages=264–}} 5. ^E.M. Pospelov, Geograficheskie nazvaniya mira (Moscow, 1998), p. 444. 6. ^Thomas M. Sipos (2012). Horror Film Festivals and Awards. McFarland. {{ISBN|9780786465729}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://online.le.ee/2017/03/23/haapsalu-pastorid-tegid-poordumise-hoffi-vastu/|title=Haapsalu pastorid tegid pöördumise HÕFFi vastu - Lääne Elu|author=|date=23 March 2017|website=le.ee|accessdate=13 April 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://kultuur.postimees.ee/4098959/hoff-toi-rekordi|title=HÖFF tõi rekordi|author=|date=|website=postimees.ee|accessdate=13 April 2018}} 9. ^{{cite news |last=Reiljan |first=Kaire |title="Vehkleja". Kaks lugu, elu ja tõde filmis |language=Estonian |trans-title="The Fencer". Two stories, life and truth in film |publisher=Lääne Elu |date=2015-03-16 |url=http://online.le.ee/2015/03/16/vehkleja-kaks-lugu-elu-ja-tode-filmis/ |accessdate=2016-01-09}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Sõpruslinnad|url=http://www.haapsalu.ee/index.php?lk=445|publisher=Haapsalu|accessdate=23 July 2011|language=Estonian|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110620040242/http://www.haapsalu.ee/index.php?lk=445|archivedate=20 June 2011|df=dmy-all}} External links{{Commons category|Haapsalu}}{{Wikivoyage}}
11 : Haapsalu|Cities and towns in Estonia|Municipalities of Estonia|Populated places in Lääne County|Populated coastal places in Estonia|Spa towns in Estonia|Populated places established in the 13th century|1279 establishments in Europe|13th-century establishments in Estonia|Kreis Wiek|Port cities and towns in Estonia |
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