1. ^{{harvnb|Schmitt}}: "[...] the otherwise unattested name without any doubt is of Iranian origin (see below) and must be equated with Assyr. Bartatua (written mBar-ta-tu-a) [...]"
2. ^¹ {{harvnb|Tsetskhladze|1999|pp=508–509}}: "Though Madyes himself is not mentioned in Akkadian texts, his father, the Scythian king Par-ta-tu-a, whose identification with Προτοθύης of Herodotus is certain, is.
3. ^{{harvnb|Schmitt}}: "Most plausibly one has to start from OIran. *pṛθu-tavah- (nom. *-tavā) “with far-reaching strength” or *pṛθu-tuvant- (nom. *-tuvā) “widely powerful” (cf. Av. pərəθu- “wide, broad” and -tauuah- “strength, power” or part. tuuaṇt- “able, capable,” respectively)."
4. ^{{Cite book |last=Grousset |first=Rene |title=The Empire of the Steppes |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1970 |isbn=0-8135-1304-9 |pages=8–9}}
5. ^{{harvnb|Hinds|2010|page=15}}: "Assyrian records referred to the Scythians as the Ishkuza or Ashkuzai, mentioning them for the first time in the late seventh-century BCE. Led by a chief named Ishpakai, around 678 they allied with the Medes (from Media, a kingdom in what is now northern Iran) and waged war against the Assyrians"
6. ^{{harvnb|Delaunay|1987}}: "About 675 the Scythian chief Išpakaia (cf. Greek Aspakos) was defeated and killed and his followers confined to the land south of Lake Van.
7. ^{{harvnb|Hinds|2010}}: "around 674 BCE Scythian king Bartatua marries Assyrian princess"
8. ^{{harvnb|Boardman|1991|page=565}}: "The presumed marriage of Bartatua into the Assyrian royal family, probably in 676, and his consequent legal submission to Esarhaddon were undoubtedly important events in the history of north-west Iran."
9. ^{{harvnb|Boardman|1991|page=565}}: "From the legal point of view the queries imply that Bartatua, in marrying Esarhaddon's daughter, had to take an oath of allegiance and thus legally become an Assyrian vassal, and to hold the countries ruled by himself as a fief."
10. ^{{harvnb|Boardman|1991|page=565}}: "History does not explicitly tell us whether Bartatua actually married the Assyrian royal princess, but this seems to ensue from the firm Assyro-Scythian alliance and the loyal support of Assyria by the Scythians nearly to the end of that kingdom."
11. ^{{harvnb|Boardman|1991|page=565}}: "The agreement seems to have worked; for in 653–652 the Assyrians defeated Media and left the country to be ruled by the Scythians who had aided them."
12. ^{{harvnb|Boardman|1991|page=566}}: "Media submitted in 652 and freed itself soon after 625 when Cyaxares II ascended the Median throne."
13. ^{{harvnb|Boardman|1991|page=565}}: "Bartatua died probably in 645, and he was succeeded by a son Madyes, supposedly by the Assyrian royal princess."