| 词条 | Hachaliah Bailey |
| 释义 |
| name = Hachaliah Bailey | image = | caption = | nationality = | birth_date = July 31, 1775 | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age|1845|9|2|1775|7|31}} | death_place = United States | occupation = Circus proprietor | spouse = | partner = | children = }}Hachaliah Bailey (pronounced heck-a-LIE-uh; July 31, 1775 – September 2, 1845) was the founder of one of America's earliest circuses.[1] In 1808, he purchased an Indian elephant which he named "Old Bet" and which was one of the first such animals to reach America.[2][3][4] With "Old Bet" as its main attraction, he formed the Bailey Circus, which also included a trained dog, several pigs, a horse and four wagons.[5] This was the impetus for what in time evolved into the Bailey component of what became the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus.[5] Between 1820 and 1825, Bailey built the Elephant Hotel in Somers, New York.[1][4][9] The hotel was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2005.[4][6] Bailey also served two terms in the New York State legislature.[1][3] In 1837, Bailey sold the hotel and moved to Northern Virginia, bought the land surrounding the intersection of Leesburg Pike and Columbia Pike in Fairfax County, Virginia near Falls Church, Virginia, and gave Bailey's Crossroads his name.[1][15] The Crossroads then became the winter quarters for his circus.[7] In 1845 Hachaliah returned to Somers for a visit and died from the kick of a horse while there.[4] He is buried in Somers' Ivandell Cemetery.[1][3][8] Several of the next generation of Baileys performed in circuses.[1][3] Hachaliah Bailey served as a role model to a young P.T. Barnum, who wrote of meeting him when Hachaliah visited Barnum's store in Bethel, Connecticut.[3] In 1888, Barnum lent his name to a partnership with James Anthony Bailey, who had adopted the surname of Frederick Bailey, a nephew of Hachaliah's, to form the Barnum and Bailey Circus.[3] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://www.westchesterhistory.com/index.php/exhibits/people?display=hbailey|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818132044/http://www.westchesterhistory.com/index.php/exhibits/people?display=hbailey|archivedate=August 18, 2016|last=Kelly|first=Kate|title=Hachaliah Bailey|location=Elmsford, New York|publisher=Westchester County Historical Society|accessdate=June 13, 2017}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bailey, Hachaliah}}{{1790s-US-business-bio-stub}}{{US-entertainer-stub}}2. ^(1) {{cite journal|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315072915/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1974/3/1974_3_102.shtml|archivedate=2008-03-15|url=http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1974/3/1974_3_102.shtml|title=Setting The Record Straight On Old Bet|journal=American Heritage Magazine|date=April 1974|volume=25|number=3|publisher=American Heritage.com|accessdate=2008-03-21|quote=It is not an established fact that Old Bet was the first elephant to arrive in America, and quite possibly she was second. An April, 1796, publication, Greenleaf’s New York, mentions an elephant journeying to our shores aboard the ship America. A few days later an elephant was exhibited around Beaver Street and Broadway, according to an advertisement in The Argus, April 23, 1796. This area was the location of the Bull’s Head Tavern, a place frequented by ships’ captains, drovers, and a variety of businessmen. Hachaliah Bailey of Somers, New York, regularly stayed at the Bull’s Head when he took his cattle to the abattoir, which was located nearby. The newspaper reports that the first elephant was sold to a 'Mister Owen.' Unfortunately, they gave no other information about the man, nor did they tell what he did with the elephant he bought, but Hachaliah Bailey’s business partner and brother-in-law was named Owen. .... P. T. Barnum, not often cited for his honesty, nevertheless made an accurate statement when he called Hach Bailey the father of the American circus. As a boy Barnum had worked as a ticket seller for the Somers drover turned showman. Old Bet was the first circus elephant in America whose existence is documented by name.}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://www.somershistoricalsoc.org/menageries2.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725123116/http://www.somershistoricalsoc.org/menageries2.html|archivedate=July 25, 2011|title=Beasts and Ballyhoo, The Menagerie Men of Somers|last=Ariano|first=Terry|work=Town of Somers History|location=Somers, New York|publisher=Somers Historical Society|date=July 15, 2004|accessdate=June 12, 2016}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last=Wiegold|first=Marilyn|date=May 15, 1977|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/15/archives/the-beast-that-put-somers-on-the-map.html?mcubz=0&_r=0|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613181833/http://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/15/archives/the-beast-that-put-somers-on-the-map.html?mcubz=0&_r=0|archivedate=June 13, 2017|accessdate=June 13, 2017|title=The Beast That Put Somers on the Map|work=Archives|publisher=The New York Times}}. 5. ^1 {{cite web|last=Goodwin|first=George G.|title=The Crowninshield Elephant|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113213033/http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/htmlsite/master.html?http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturalhistorymag.com%2Fhtmlsite%2Feditors_pick%2F1951_10_pick.html|archivedate=November 13, 2013|url=http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/htmlsite/master.html?http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/htmlsite/editors_pick/1951_10_pick.html|work=Pick from the Past|publisher=Natural History|accessdate=November 13, 2013|date=October 1951|quote=“Old Bet” seems to have been the name that was applied to this elephant, and the animal was eventually acquired by Hackaliah Bailey, who got together the first American circus and became the Bailey of Barnum and Bailey Circus fame. He was originally a farmer at Somers, N. Y.|deadurl=yes|df=mdy-all}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.somershistoricalsoc.org/elephanthotel.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009150314/http://www.somershistoricalsoc.org/elephanthotel.html|archivedate=October 9, 2016|title=History of the Elephant Hotel|accessdate=June 13, 2017|location=Somers, New York|publisher=Somers Historical Society|date=February 2014}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.shuoa.org/community/historybaileys.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323093719/http://www.shuoa.org/community/historybaileys.html|archivedate=March 23, 2016|title=Skyline House — The History of Bailey's Crossroads (Adapted from a History by Susan Flimmer)|location=Falls Church, Virginia|publisher=SHUOA: Skyline House Unit Owners Association|date=June 2, 2014|accessdate=June 13, 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=5704312|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613194733/https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=5704312|archivedate=June 13, 2017|title=Hachaliah Lyman Bailey|last=Donovan|first=Edmund|work=Find A Grave|date=August 21, 2001|accessdate=June 13, 2017}} 6 : 1775 births|1845 deaths|Circus proprietors|Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus|People from Somers, New York|19th-century American businesspeople |
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