1. History
    Ottoman era  British Mandate  State of Israel 

2. Geography and wildlife

3. Transportation

4. Economy

5. Demographics

6. Education

7. Medical facilities

8. Neighborhoods

9. Sports

10. See also

11. References

12. External links

Hadera ({{lang-he-n|חֲדֵרָה}}, {{lang-ar|الخضيرة}} {{transl|ar|DIN|al-Ḫuḍayrah }}, the green one) is a city located in the Haifa District of Israel, in the northern Sharon region, approximately 45 kilometers (28 miles) from the major cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa. The city is located along 7 km (5 mi) of the Israeli Mediterranean Coastal Plain. The city's population includes a high proportion of immigrants arriving since 1990, notably from Ethiopia and the former Soviet Union. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Hadera}}.{{Israel populations|reference}}

Hadera was established in 1891 as a farming colony by members of the Zionist group, Hovevei Zion, from Lithuania and Latvia. By 1948, it was a regional center with a population of 11,800. In 1952, Hadera was declared a city, with jurisdiction over an area of 53,000 dunams.^[1]

History

Ottoman era

Hadera was founded in 1891, in the early days of modern Zionism by Jewish immigrants from Lithuania and Latvia on land purchased by Yehoshua Hankin, known as the Redeemer of the Valley.^[1][1] The land was purchased from a Christian effendi, Selim Khuri. This was the largest purchase of land in Eretz Israel by a Zionist group, although the land was of low quality and mostly swampland. The only inhabitants prior to the purchase were a few families raising water buffaloes and selling reeds.^[2] The town may derive its name from the Arabic word khadra, meaning "green" in reference to the wild weeds which covered the marshes on which the town is built.^[1] Historical geographer, Mordechai Eshel, citing a geographical work written in 1913, claims that the existing site whereon is now built Hadera was formerly called in Arabic Ǧadera, being the site of the town, Gadera of Caesarea (Hebrew: גדרה של קיסרין), mentioned in Tosefta Shevi'it, ch. 7.^[3] Others say that the ancient Gadera should be identified with Tel Um Qeis.

The first Jewish settlers lived in a building known as the Khan near Hadera's main synagogue.^[4]The population consisted of ten families and four guards. Baron Edmond de Rothschild provided funding for Egyptian laborers to drain the swamps.^[5]Old tombstones in the local cemetery reveal that out of a population of 540, 210 died of malaria.^[6] Therefore a Bible verse from the Psalms (Tehillim) was inscribed in the city's logo: "Those who sow in tears, will reap with songs of joy." (Ps 126:5) Hashomer guards kept watch over the fields to prevent incursions by the neighboring Bedouin. By the early twentieth century, Hadera had become the regional economic center.^[1]

British Mandate

Land disputes in the area were resolved by the 1930s, by which time, the population had grown to 2,002 in 1931.^[1][2] Free schooling was introduced in the city in 1937 in all schools apart from the Histadrut school.^[7]

State of Israel

Hadera's population increased dramatically in 1948 as immigrants flocked to the country. Most of the newcomers were from Europe, but 40 Yemenite families settled there, too.^[6] In 1953, Israel's first paper mill opened in Hadera. Financed by investors from Israel, United States, Brazil and Australia, the mill was designed to meet all of Israel's paper needs.^[8]New neighborhoods were built, among them Givat Olga on the coast, and Beit Eliezer in the east of the city. In 1964, Hadera was declared a city.^[1]

In the 1990s, large numbers of Russian and Ethiopian immigrants settled in Hadera.^[1][1] Hadera, considered a safe place by its inhabitants, was jolted by several acts of terrorism, including a massacre of six civilians at a Bat Mitzvah^[9] and a suicide bomber who blew himself up at a falafel stand on October 26, 2005, killing seven civilians,^[10][11] and 55 were injured, of them five in severe condition.^[12] In addition, four civilians were killed when a terrorist opened fire on pedestrians at a bus stop on October 28, 2001.^[13] However, since the construction of the nearby West Bank barrier, the frequency of such incidents has dropped drastically. On August 4, 2006, three rockets fired by Hezbollah hit Hadera. Hadera is {{convert|50|mi|0}} south of the Lebanese border and marked the farthest point inside Israel hit by Hezbollah.^[14]

In the 2000s, the city center was rejuventated, a high-tech business park was constructed, and the world's largest desalination plant was built.^[15][16]New neighborhoods are under construction in the underdeveloped northeastern part of the city, and plans are under way for a large park, shopping malls and hotels with a total of 1,800 rooms. The city is envisaged as a future vacation destination due to its closeness to the Galilee, beaches, and access to major highways.^[17]

Geography and wildlife

Hadera is located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastal plain, {{convert|45|km|0|abbr=on}} north of Tel Aviv.^[18] The city's jurisdiction covers {{convert|53,000|dunam|km2 sqmi|1}}, making it the fourth largest city in the country. Nahal Hadera Park, a eucalyptus forest covering {{convert|1,300|dunam|km2 sqmi|1}} and Hasharon Park are located on the outskirts of Hadera.^[15]

Hot water gushing from the Hadera power plant draws schools of hundreds of sandbar and dusky sharks every winter. Scientists are researching the rare phenomenon, which is unknown in the vicinity. It is speculated that the water, which is ten degrees warmer than the rest of the sea, may be the attraction.^[19]

Transportation

Hadera lies along two main Israel Railways lines: the Coastal Line and the nowadays freight-only Eastern Line. The city's railway station is located in the west of the city and is on the Tel Aviv suburban line which runs between Binyamina and Ashkelon. The city center of Hadera is located near Israel's two main north-south highways; Highway 2, linking Tel Aviv to Haifa, and Highway 4.^[15] This made Hadera an important junction for all coastal bus transportation after 1948 and into the 1950s.

Economy

Demographics

According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, as of October 2013, Hadera had a population of 91,634 which is growing at an annual rate of 1.2%.^[22] As of 2003, the city had a population density of 1,516.6 per km².^[23] Of the city's population of 2013 of 91,634, approximately 23,407 were immigrants, many from Ethiopia.^[23]

According to a census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, Hadera had a population of 540 inhabitants, consisting of 450 Jews, 89 Muslims and 1 Christian.^[24]

Hadera has grown steadily since 1948, when the city had a population of 11,800. In 1955, the population almost doubled to 22,500. In 1961 it rose to 25,600, 1972 to 32,200, and 1983, to 38,700.^[23]

The median age in Hadera is 32.8, with 23,200 people 19 years of age or younger, 12.1% between 20 and 29, 14,100 between 30 and 44, 17,600 from 45 to 64, and 9,700, 65 or older.^[25] {{As of|2007}}, there were 37,500 males and 39,200 females.^[25]

In 2001, the ethnic makeup was 99.2% Jewish and other non-Arab, with no significant Arab population. In 2000, there were 27,920 salaried workers and 1,819 self-employed. The mean monthly wage in 2000 for a salaried worker was ILS 5,135, a real change of 8.0% over the course of 2000. Salaried males had a mean monthly wage of ILS 6,607 (a real change of 9.0%) compared with ILS 3,598 for females (a real change of 3.1%). The mean income for the self-employed was 6,584. A total of 1,752 people received unemployment benefits and 6,753 received income supplements.

Education

In 2001, there were 15,622 students studying at 42 schools (24 elementary schools with 7,933 students, and 21 high schools with 7,689 students). A total of 57.5% of 12th graders were entitled to a matriculation certificate.

The Democratic School of Hadera, which opened in 1987, was the first of its kind in Israel. The Technoda, an educational center for science and technology equipped with a state-of-the-art telescope and planetarium, is located in Hadera's Givat Olga neighborhood.^[26]

Medical facilities

Hadera is served by the Hillel Yaffe Medical Center.

Neighborhoods

Neighborhoods of Hadera include Givat Olga,^[27] Beit Eliezer, Kfar Brandeis, Haotzar, Hephzibah, Neve Haim, Nissan, Ephraim, Bilu, Klarin, Nahaliel, Shimshon, Shlomo, Pe'er, Bialik, Beitar and The Park.

Sports

Hadera is home to four current football clubs: Hapoel Hadera, which currently plays in Israeli Premier League after being promoted at the end of the last season. As of october 2018 the club leads the table (Their highest position ever). F.C. Givat Olga (both playing in Liga Alef North), Beitar Hadera (playing in Liga Gimel Shomron) and the women's football club Maccabi Kishronot Hadera (playing in Ligat Nashim Rishona). In the past the city was also home to Maccabi Hadera, Hapoel Nahliel and Hapoel Beit Eliezer.

The city is also represented in the Israeli Beach Soccer League. Its team, Hapoel Hadera, won the championship (under its previous name, Hadera's Princes) in 2008.^[28]

In Basketball, Maccabi Hadera's women's basketball team plays in second tier Liga Leumit, while the club's Maccabi Hadera men's basketball team plays in third tier Liga Artzit.

==Notable residents==

• Eldad Amir (born 1961), Olympic competitive sailor
• Avshalom Feinberg
• Shlomo Gronich, musician
• Orna Grumberg, computer scientist
• Sarit Hadad, singer
• Moshe Kahlon (Givat Olga neighborhood), politician
• Yoel Sela (born 1951), Olympic competitive sailor
• Alon Stein (born 1978), basketball player and coach

==Twin towns — sister cities==

Hadera is twinned with:

• {{flagicon|USA}} Charlotte, North Carolina, United States^[29] since 2008
• {{flagicon|RUS}} Derbent, Russia
• {{flagicon|USA}} El Paso, Texas, United States
• {{flagicon|NED}} Haren (Groningen), Netherlands
• {{flagicon|USA}} Jacksonville, Florida, United States
• {{flagicon|GER}} Nuremberg, Germany since 1995
• {{flagicon|PRC}} Rizhao, China
• {{flagicon|USA}} St. Paul, Minnesota, United States since 1981

See also

• Desalination#Israel
• Hadera Stream

References

External links

• {{Official website|URL=https://www.hadera.muni.il/}} {{he icon}}

• Fahad Abo Jaber
• Fahad Ahmed
• Fahad Ahmed Sheikh
• Fahad Al-Abdulrahman
• Fahad al-Butairi
• Fahad Al-Dhanhani
• Fahad Al-Dossari (born 1990)
• Fahad Al-Dossari (footballer, born 1990)
• Fahad Al-Farhan
• Fahad Al-Farhan (judoka)
• Fahad Al-Hajeri
• FahadAli
• Fahad Al-Johani
• Fahad Al-Johani (footballer, born 1987)
• Fahad Al-Jumeiah
• Fahad Al Kubaisi
• Fahad Al-Malki
• Fahad Almubarak
• Fahad Al Mubarak
• Fahad Al-Mubarak
• Fahad Al-Munaif (footballer, born 1994)
• Fahad Al-Rashidi
• Fahad Al Rashidi
• Fahad Al-Rashidi (disambiguation)
• Fahad Al Rashidi (footballer, born 1984)