| 词条 | Bat's Castle |
| 释义 |
| name = Bat's Castle | native_name = Caesar's Camp | native_name_lang = | alternate_name = | image =Bats Castle Somerset Map.jpg | caption =Plan of earthworks at Bat's Castle | image_size = | alt = | map = | map_type = Somerset | map_alt = | map_caption = | map_size = | altitude_m = 213 | altitude_ref = | relief = | coordinates = {{coord|51|10|11|N|3|26|59|W|display=inline,title}} | map_dot_label = | location = Carhampton, Somerset, England | region = | type = Hillfort | part_of = | length = | width = | area = | volume = | diameter = | circumference = | height = | builder = | material = | built = | abandoned = | epochs = Iron Age | cultures = | dependency_of = | occupants = | event = | discovered = | excavations = | archaeologists = | condition = | ownership = | management = | public_access = | other_designation = | website = | architectural_styles = | architectural_details = | notes = | nhle =1007667 | hillfort =4060 | designation1 =Scheduled Ancient Monument | designation1_offname = | designation1_date = | designation1_number =36896[1] }} Bats Castle is an Iron Age hill fort at the top of a {{convert|213|m|ft}} high hill in the parish of Carhampton south south west of Dunster in Somerset, England. The site was identified in 1983 after some schoolboys found eight silver-plated coins dating from 102BC to AD350.[2][3] It is on the highest point of Gallox Hill. Previously it was known as Caesar's Camp[4] and is possibly associated with Black Ball Camp. Bat's Castle has two stone ramparts and two ditches. The ramparts are damaged in places and the hill fort is partly covered in scrub. Bat's Castle may once have been known as the legendary fortress Din Draithou,[5] a place also associated with a fortress built or used by the legendary Irish king and raider Crimthann mac Fidaig.[6] Background{{further|Hill fort}}Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC.[7] The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people.[8] Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated "[the forts] provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress [of an increasing population] burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn't see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".[9] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Bats Castle |url=http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=36896 |work=National Monuments Record |publisher=English Heritage |accessdate=21 March 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002080602/http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=36896 |archivedate=2 October 2012 |df= }} 2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.dunsterestate.co.uk/bats_castle.html | title=bats Castle | publisher=Crown Estates | accessdate=20 November 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303031937/http://www.dunsterestate.co.uk/bats_castle.html | archive-date=2011-03-03 | dead-url=yes | df= }} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Bat's Castle, Gallox Hill, Carhampton|url=http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MSO11135&resourceID=1022|work=Exmoor Historic Environment Record|publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=21 March 2011}} 4. ^{{cite book |title=Somerset: The complete guide |last=Bush |first=Robin |authorlink=Robin Bush (historian) |coauthors= |year=1994 |publisher=Dovecote Press |location=Wimborne, Dorset |isbn=1-874336-26-1 |pages=55 |url= }} 5. ^Bat's Castle at The Modern Antiquarian 6. ^Chadwick, pp. 122-3 7. ^{{citation |first1=Andrew |last1=Payne |first2=Mark |last2=Corney |first3=Barry |last3=Cunliffe |title=The Wessex Hillforts Project: Extensive Survey of Hillfort Interiors in Central Southern England |publisher=English Heritage |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-873592-85-4 |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.10744 | page=1}} 8. ^{{citation |last=Sharples |first=Niall M |title=English Heritage Book of Maiden Castle |publisher=B. T. Batsford |year=1991 |location=London |isbn=0-7134-6083-0 | pages=71–72}} 9. ^{{citation |url=http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/T/timeteam/2008/swords/swords-found.html |title=Time Team: Swords, skulls and strongholds |publisher=Channel 4 |date=2008-05-19 |accessdate=16 September 2009}} Further reading
4 : Hill forts in Somerset|Exmoor|Iron Age sites in Somerset|Scheduled Ancient Monuments in West Somerset |
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