| 词条 | Battle of Holy Ground |
| 释义 |
|conflict =Battle of Holy Ground |partof =the Creek War | image = Holy Ground Battlefield Park White Hall, Alabama.JPG | image_size = 300 |caption =The Alabama River at Holy Ground Battlefield Park |date =December 23, 1813 |place =Mississippi Territory |coordinates = {{coord|32.35325|-86.69243|type:event|display=inline}} |map_type = |map_relief = |map_size = |map_marksize = |map_caption = |map_label = |territory = |result =Indecisive |status = |combatants_header = |combatant1 =Red Stick Creek |combatant2 ={{flag|United States|1795|23px}} |commander1 =William Weatherford |commander2 =Ferdinand Claiborne Pushmataha |strength1 =~320 |strength2 =~1,000 |casualties1 =~20-30 killed |casualties2 =1 killed |notes = |campaignbox ={{Campaignbox Creek War}} }}{{Infobox historic site |name =Holy Ground Battlefield Park |native_name = |native_language = |image = |caption = |locmapin = |location =Lowndes County, Alabama |area = |built = |architect = |architecture = |governing_body = |designation1 =ARLH |designation1_offname =Holy Ground Battle Site |designation1_date =May 26, 1976[1] |designation1_number = |designation2 = |designation2_offname = |designation2_date = |designation2_number = |designation3 = |designation3_offname = |designation3_date = |designation3_number = |designation4 = |designation4_offname = |designation4_date = |designation4_number = |designation5 = |designation5_offname = |designation5_date = |designation5_number = }} The Battle of Holy Ground, or Battle of Econochaca, was a battle fought on December 23, 1813 between the United States militia and the Red Stick Creek Indians during the Creek War. The battle took place at Econochaca, the site of a fortified encampment established in the summer of 1813 by Josiah Francis on a bluff above the Alabama River, in what is now Lowndes County, Alabama. It was one of three encampments erected by Red Stick Creeks that summer. In addition to the physical defenses, Creek prophets performed ceremonies at the site to create a spiritual barrier of protection. Hence the Creek name "Econochaca," loosely translated as holy ground, but properly translated as sacred or beloved ground.[2][3] HistoryFollowing the Battle of Burnt Corn and the subsequent Fort Mims massacre, General Ferdinand Claiborne, under the orders of General Thomas Flournoy, began attempting to round-up troops to attack the Red Stick Creeks. By early December he had amassed a force of roughly 1000 men, including 150 Choctaw warriors under their leader, Pushmataha. Weatherford's Creeks numbered around 320 men. On December 22, 1813, Claiborne's force set up camp about {{convert|10|mi|km}} south of Econochaca. Upon learning of this, the Creeks, under William Weatherford, evacuated women and children from settlement. On December 23 Claiborne attacked the defenses, killing between 20 and 30 Red Stick warriors and losing one man himself. Most of the Creeks escaped, with Weatherford riding his horse Arrow over the bluff and into the river while under fire. The U.S. forces then destroyed the encampment and the Creek supplies.[2][3][4] The site is now home to Holy Ground Battlefield Park, maintained by the United States Army Corps of Engineers.[5] It was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on May 26, 1976.[1] Two active battalions of the Regular Army (1-1 Inf and 2-1 Inf) perpetuate the lineage of the old 3rd Infantry Regiment, elements of which were at the Battle of Econochaca. References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks & Heritage |url=http://preserveala.org/alabamaregister.aspx?sm=f_b |work=Alabama Historical Commission |publisher=www.preserveala.org |accessdate=25 October 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904152458/http://preserveala.org/alabamaregister.aspx?sm=f_b |archivedate=4 September 2012 |df= }} {{Battles of the War of 1812}}2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1811 |author=Kathryn E. Holland Braund |date=2008-10-08 |title=Battle of Holy Ground |publisher=Encyclopedia of Alabama |accessdate=2009-12-23}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=Pam |title=William Weatherford and the Road to the Holy Ground |journal=Alabama Heritage |volume=77 |issue=Fall 2004 |pages=24–32 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4113/is_200410/ai_n9464310/pg_5/ }} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.yearofalabamahistory.com/alabama-history/william-weatherford.html |title=William "Red Eagle" Weatherford |work=The Year of Alabama History |publisher=Alabama Tourism Department |accessdate=2009-12-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103141149/http://yearofalabamahistory.com/alabama-history/william-weatherford.html |archivedate=2010-01-03 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/holyground1.html |title=The Battle of Holy Ground - White Hall, Alabama |publisher=ExploreSouthernHistory.com |accessdate=2009-12-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128223242/http://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/holyground1.html |archivedate=2009-11-28 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 6 : Battles of the Creek War|Conflicts in 1813|Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage|Native American history of Alabama|1813 in the United States|December 1813 events |
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