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词条 Haidian District
释义

  1. Sister cities

  2. Administrative division

  3. History

  4. Transportation

     Metro 

  5. Government and infrastructure

  6. Economy

  7. Education

     Higher education  Primary and secondary education 

  8. Communities

  9. Important areas in Haidian District

  10. Sports

  11. Gallery

      Haidian's Technology hubs  

  12. Notes

  13. References

  14. External links

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|name = {{raise|0.2em|Haidian}}
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Haidian District ({{zh|s=海淀区|t=海淀區|p=Hǎidiàn Qū}}) is a district of the municipality of Beijing. It lies towards the northwestern part of the urban core.

It is 431 square km in area, making it the second-largest district in urban Beijing (after Chaoyang), and is home to 2,240,124 inhabitants (2000 Census); however, in comparison to other districts, a higher percentage of its inhabitants do not have the governmental residential certificates for long-term residence, because Haidian District is where most universities are located and therefore many{{Quantify|date=November 2010}} of its inhabitants are college students.

Sister cities

Since 1992, Haidian District has signed official papers and established Sister City relationship with 14 cities and districts from 10 countries of 4 continents. Some sister cities are shown below:[1]

South America

  • {{flagdeco|Argentina}} Santa Fe, Argentina (May 2010)
  • {{flagdeco|Argentina}} La Falda, Cordoba, Argentina (10 September 2009)

North America

  • {{flagdeco|United States}} Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (8 February 2008)
  • {{flagdeco|United States}} Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States (15 April 1998)

Europe

  • {{flagdeco|Finland}} Savonlinna, Finland (9 March 2016)
  • {{flagdeco|Greece}} Olympia, Peloponnesus, Greece (28 February 2008)
  • {{flagdeco|Netherlands}} Groningen, Netherlands (19/10/2004)
  • {{flagdeco|France}} Bures-sur-Yvette, Massy, Palaiseau, in Paris Region, France (4 October 1994)

East Asia

  • {{flagdeco|South Korea}} Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea (27 September 1995)
  • {{flagdeco|Japan}} Nerima, Tokyo, Japan (13 October 1992)

Administrative division

The administrative division of the district was reported as follows:[2]

  • 22 subdistricts of the city proper of Beijing
  • 7 towns of which carry the "area" ({{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|地区}}}}) label:{{efn|These towns are officially classified as subdistricts, but as they coincide with the area of the same name, they are commonly named "areas" ({{lang|zh-hans|地区}}).}}
Name Chinese (S) Hanyu Pinyin Population (2010)[3] Area (km2)
Wanshou Road Subdistrict zh-hans|万寿路街道}}zh-Latn|Wànshòulù Jiēdào}} 172,456 8.90
Yongding Road Subdistrict zh|永定路街道}}zh-Latn|Yǒngdìnglu Jiēdào}} 49,346 0.70
Yangfangdian Subdistrict zh|羊坊店街道}}zh-Latn|Yángfāngdiàn Jiēdào}} 127,134 6.61
Ganjiakou Subdistrict zh|甘家口街道}}zh-Latn|Gānjiākǒu Jiēdào}} 118,455 6.50
Balizhuang Subdistrict zh-hans|八里庄街道}}zh-Latn|Bālǐzhuāng Jiēdào}} 135,984 4.40
Zizhuyuan Subdistrict zh|紫竹院街道}}zh-Latn|Zǐzhúyuàn Jiēdào}} 138,411 6.23
Beixiaguan Subdistrict zh-hans|北下关街道}}zh-Latn|Běixiàguān Jiēdào}} 158,776 6.04
Beitaipingzhuang Subdistrict zh-hans|北太平庄街道}}zh-Latn|Běitàipíngzhuāng Jiēdào}} 201,614 5.17
Xueyuan Road Subdistrict zh-hans|学院路街道}}zh-Latn|Xuéyuànlù Jiēdào}} 243,307 8.49
Zhongguancun Subdistrict zh-hans|中关村街道}}zh-Latn|Zhōngguāncūn Jiēdào}} 159,637 6.23
Haidian Subdistrict zh|海淀街道}}zh-Latn|Hǎidiàn Jiēdào}} 144,700 5.00
Qinglongqiao Subdistrict zh-hans|青龙桥街道}}zh-Latn|Qīnglóngqiáo Jiēdào}} 128,887 15.50
Qinghuayuan Subdistrict zh-hans|清华园街道}}zh-Latn|Qīnghuáyuán Jiēdào}} 51,785 2.70
Yanyuan Subdistrict zh-hans|燕园街道}}zh-Latn|Yànyuán Jiēdào}} 37,548 1.84
Xiangshan Subdistrict zh|香山街道}}zh-Latn|Xiāngshān Jiēdào}} 28,535 25.37
Qinghe Subdistrict zh|清河街道}}zh-Latn|Qīnghé Jiēdào}} 139,752 9.37
Huayuan Road Subdistrict zh-hans|花园路街道}}zh-Latn|Huāyuánlù Jiēdào}} 148,829 6.30
Xisanqi Subdistrict zh|西三旗街道}}zh-Latn|Xīsānqí Jiēdào}} 144,126 8.70
Malianwa Subdistrict zh-hans|马连洼街道}}zh-Latn|Mǎliánwā Jiēdào}} 106,585 5.50
Tiancun Road Subdistrict zh|田村路街道}}zh-Latn|Tiáncūnlù Jiēdào}} 106,744 7.70
Shangdi Subdistrict zh|上地街道}}zh-Latn|Shàngdì Jiēdào}} 102,105 9.40
Shuguang Subdistrict zh|曙光街道}}zh-Latn|Shǔguāng Jiēdào}} 102,397 9.61
Wanliu Area (Haidian town) zh-hans|万柳地区(海淀镇)}}zh-Latn|Wànliǔ Dìqū (Hǎidiàn Zhèn)}} 28,062 41.90
Dongsheng (town) Area zh-hans|东升(镇)地区}}zh-Latn|Dōngshēng (Zhèn) Dìqū}} 49,852 45.20
Wenquan (town) Area zh-hans|温泉(镇)地区}}zh-Latn|Wēnquán (Zhèn) Dìqū}} 50,800 33.23
Sijiqing (town) Area zh-hans|四季青(镇)地区}}zh-Latn|Sìjìqīng (Zhèn) Dìqū}} 170,579 40.83
Xibeiwang (town) Area zh-hans|西北旺(镇)地区}}zh-Latn|Xīběiwàng (Zhèn) Dìqū}} 142,664 51.02
Sujiatuo (town) Area zh-hans|苏家坨(镇)地区}}zh-Latn|Sūjiātuó (Zhèn) Dìqū}} 46,786 84.51
Shangzhuang (town) Area zh-hans|上庄(镇)地区}}zh-Latn|Shàngzhuāng (Zhèn) Dìqū}} 44,814 38.45

History

Haidian was originally a village outside of Beijing's Inner City.[4] It was first built in the Yuan Dynasty and became one of the eight major business areas of the capital during the Qing Dynasty and was the seat of such old shops as Lotus White, Quanjude and Hongbin House.[5] The famed Old Summer Palace and Summer Palace, two grand imperial gardens are also among its reputed features. It became a university district after the building of the Tsinghua University and Yenching University campus in the early twentieth century. It is mentioned in Lao She's novel Camel Xiangzi as an academic village for students. After the foundation of the People's Republic, it was deliberately developed as a university area, with many of the Yan'an institutions moving there. It officially became an administrative district in June 1954.[6] Since the reform and opening up, it has become the centre of China's IT industry. In the words of Time magazine:

{{Cquote|Like Paris' Champs Elysées or New York's Broadway, Haidian is a celebration of a national myth: China's ability to change itself and become, once again, great among nations.[7]}}

During the later half of the 1990s, out of the Beijing districts, Haidian had the highest per capita GDP. During that period the GDP of Haidian (1) District grew by double digits each year.[8]

Transportation

The northwestern stretches of the 3rd Ring Road, 4th Ring Road and 5th Ring Road all run through the area.

Metro

Haidian is currently served by nine metro lines of the Beijing Subway and one commuter line operated by BCR:

  • {{rint|beijing|subway}} {{Rail color box|system=BJS|line=1|inline=yes}} - Wukesong, Wanshoulu, Gongzhufen, Military Museum {{rint|beijing|9}}
  • {{Rail color box|system=BJS|line=4|inline=yes}} - Anheqiao North, Beigongmen, Xiyuan, Yuanmingyuan Park, East Gate of Peking University, Zhongguancun, Haidianhuangzhuang {{rint|beijing|10}}, Renmin University, Weigongcun, National Library {{rint|beijing|9}}
  • {{rint|beijing|subway}} {{Rail color box|system=BJS|line=6|inline=yes}} - Haidian Wuluju, Cishousi {{rint|beijing|10}}, Huayuanqiao, Baishiqiao South {{rint|beijing|9}}
  • {{rint|beijing|subway}} {{Rail color box|system=BJS|line=8|inline=yes}} - Yuxin, Xixiaokou, Yongtaizhuang
  • {{rint|beijing|subway}} {{Rail color box|system=BJS|line=9|inline=yes}} - National Library {{rint|beijing|4}}, Baishiqiao South {{rint|beijing|6}}, Baiduizi, Military Museum {{rint|beijing|1}}
  • {{rint|beijing|subway}} {{Rail color box|system=BJS|line=10|inline=yes}} - Lianhuaqiao, Gongzhufen {{rint|beijing|1}}, Xidiaoyutai, Cishousi {{rint|beijing|6}}, Chedaogou, Changchunqiao, Huoqiying, Bagou, Suzhoujie, Haidianhuangzhuang {{rint|beijing|4}}, Zhichunli, Zhichunlu {{rint|beijing|13}}, Xitucheng, Mudanyuan, Jiandemen
  • {{rint|beijing|subway}} {{Rail color box|system=BJS|line=13|inline=yes}} - Dazhongsi, Zhichunlu {{rint|beijing|10}}, Wudaokou, Shangdi, Xi'erqi {{rint|beijing|c}}
  • {{rint|beijing|subway}} {{Rail color box|system=BJS|line=15|inline=yes}} - Qinghuadongluxikou, Liudaokou, Beishatan
  • {{rint|beijing|subway}} {{Rail color box|system=BJS|line=changping|inline=yes}} - Xi'erqi {{rint|beijing|13}}
  • {{Rail color box|system=BJS|line=s2|inline=yes}} - Qinghuayuan, Qinghe

Government and infrastructure

The China National Space Administration has its headquarters in the district.[9]

The State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA) has its headquarters in Zhongguancun.[10]

The People's Liberation Army Military Music Hall is located in the district.[11]

Economy

In 2017,the regional GDP is 592.48 billion yuan[12] ,with GDP per capita at 170.8 thousand yuan (25293 US dollars).

A central part of Haidian's economy, the Zhongguancun electronics district, hosts the Beijing offices of many software and computer-technology companies.

  • Baidu has its headquarters in the Baidu Campus.[13]
  • Sohu has its headquarters in the Sohu.com Internet Plaza.[14][15]
  • Sinosteel's headquarters are in the Sinosteel Plaza ({{zh|s=中钢国际广场|t=中鋼國際廣場|p=Zhōnggāng Guójì Guǎngchǎng}}) in Haidian District.[16]
  • Youku has its headquarters on the fifth floor of Sinosteel Plaza.[17][18]
  • Wumart has its headquarters in the Wumart Commercial Building ({{zh|labels=no |s=物美商业大厦|t=物美商業大廈|p=Wù Měi Shāngyè Dàshà}}) in Haidian District.[19]
  • aigo's head office is in the Ideal Plaza ({{zh|labels=no |s=理想国际大厦|t=理想國際大廈|p=Lǐxiǎng Guójì Dàshà}}) in the Haidian District.[20]
  • China Postal Airlines has its headquarters on the 11th through 14th floors of the Ziyu Office Building ({{zh|labels=no |s=紫玉写字楼|t=紫玉寫字樓|p=Zǐyù Xiězìlóu}}) in Haidian District.[21]
  • The Beijing Civil Aircraft Technology Research Center of COMAC ({{lang|zh-hans|北京民用飞机技术研究中心}}) has its offices on the 8th floor of the Beijing Olympic Building ({{zh|labels=no |s=北京奥运大厦 |t=北京奧運大廈 |p=Běijīng Àoyùn Dàshà}}) in Haidian District.[22]
  • Xiaomi has its headquarters in the Office Building of Huarun Wucai City ({{zh|labels=no |s=华润五彩城写字楼 |t=華潤五彩城寫字樓 |p=Huárùn Wǔcǎi Chéng Xiězìlóu}}).[23]
  • Google has its Beijing office in Tsinghua Science Park Bldg 6[24]
  • Everbright International has its Beijing office in the Beijing International Building (北京国际大厦) in Zhongguancun.[25]

Education

Higher education

Institutions of higher education in Haidian include:

  • Beihang University (formerly Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)
  • Beijing Film Academy
  • Beijing Forestry University
  • Beijing Institute of Technology
  • Beijing Jiaotong University
  • Beijing Language and Culture University
  • Beijing Normal University
  • Capital Normal University
  • China Agricultural University
  • China University of Geosciences Beijing
  • China University of Political Science and Law
  • Minzu University of China (formerly Central University for Nationalities)
  • Peking University
  • Renmin University of China
  • Tsinghua University
  • University of International Relations
  • University of Science and Technology Beijing

Primary and secondary education

The Beijing Municipal Commission of Education ({{zh|first=s|s=北京市教育委员会|t=北京市教育委員會|p=Běijīng Shì Jiàoyùwěiyuánhuì}}), the local education authority, has its headquarters in the Beijing Olympic Building.[26][27]

Institutions of secondary education include:

  • High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China
  • Beijing 101 Middle School

Private schools include:

  • Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School (elementary through senior high school)[28]
    • Beijing Haidian International School
  • Saint Paul American School

Communities

  • Zhongguancun
  • Wudaokou
  • Madian
  • Xinjiangcun (demolished)

Important areas in Haidian District

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
  • Old Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan)
  • Summer Palace
  • Fragrant Hills (Xiangshan or Jingyi Palace)
  • Beijing Botanical Garden(Beijing Zhiwuyuan)
  • Jade Spring Hill(Jingming Palace)
  • Haidian Park
  • Purple Bamboo Park (Zizhuyuan)
  • Yuyuantan Park
  • Diaoyutai State Guesthouse
  • Microsoft Research Asia
  • Baidu headquarters
  • Sohu
  • Sinosteel Plaza
  • Youku
  • Haidian Christian Church
{{div col end}}

Sports

The Chinese Ice Hockey Association, which governs ice hockey and bandy in China, has its offices at 56, Zhongguacun South Street in Haidian District.[29]

Gallery

Haidian's Technology hubs

Notes

{{Notelist}}

References

1. ^http://ewsb.bjhd.gov.cn/InternationalCommunication/InternationalSisterCities/
2. ^Harry's World Atlas
3. ^{{cite book | author1=Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China| author2=Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China | script-title=zh:中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料|date=2012|publisher=China Statistics Print|location=Beijing|isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2|edition=1}}
4. ^University of Texas Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection: A portion of "Originalkarte der Ebene von Peking und des Gebirkslandes im Westen und Norden der Capitale" from Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes' Geographischer Anstalt uber Wichtige Neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographie von Dr. A. Petermann. Erganzungsband 10, 1876.
5. ^Beijing Haidian District People's Government (7 December 2007), Special Shopping Areas in Haidian District. Accessed 19 October 2008. NB: this page only loads correctly in Internet Explorer.
6. ^{{Cite journal| author=Tang Yangkai| title=Haidian District::Beijing's 'Smart Reservoir'| journal=Beijing Review| year=2008| issue=7| url=http://www.bjreview.com.cn/print/txt/2008-02/13/content_99197.htm}}
7. ^{{Cite journal| author=Joshua Cooper Ramo| title=HAIDIAN DISTRICT: China's Silicon Valley, 1999| journal=Time| volume=154| issue=12| url=http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/99/0927/haidian.html | date=27 September 1999 | accessdate=4 May 2010}}
8. ^Wang, Wenfei, Shangyi Zhou, and C. Cindy Fan. "Growth and Decline of Muslim Hui Enclaves in Beijing" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6MXJpBAfS?url=http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/geog/downloads/597/202.pdf Archive]). Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2002, 43, No. 2, pp. 104-122. Cited page: p. 117.
9. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20160124103503/http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n1081/index.html Home page in Chinese]. China National Space Administration. Retrieved on February 26, 2016. "地址：北京市海淀区阜成路甲8号 邮编:100048"
10. ^Home. State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs. Retrieved on July 12, 2017. "邮编：100873 地址：北京中关村南大街一号5号楼 "
11. ^http://www.china.com.cn/info/2009-03/19/content_17470303.htm
12. ^北京区域统计年鉴2018"Regional Yearbook of Beijing, 2018"
13. ^"IR Contacts." Baidu. Retrieved on 27 December 2010. "Address: Baidu Campus, No. 10, Shangdi 10th Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085 People's Republic of China."
14. ^"Contact Us." Sohu. Retrieved on 27 December 2010. "Headquarter Office Sohu.com Internet Plaza, No.1 Park, Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, PRC ."
15. ^"Sohu.com." CNN Money. Retrieved on 19 August 2009.
16. ^"Contact Us." Sinosteel. Retrieved on 18 November 2012. "Sinosteel Plaza,8 Haidian St., Beijing, P.R.China" - See map and directions in English - Chinese: "{{lang|zh-hans|中国北京海淀区海淀大街8号中钢国际广场}}" - See map and directions in Chinese
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.youku.com/pub/youku/service/copyright.shtml |script-title=zh:版权声明 |publisher=Youku. |accessdate=27 December 2010 |quote="{{lang|zh-hans|北京市海淀区海淀大街8号中钢国际大厦5层}}"}}
18. ^"Contact Us." Youku. Retrieved on 27 December 2010. "Beijing 5th Floor, Sinosteel Plaza, 8 Haidian Dajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100080, China."
19. ^"Interim Report 2011." ([https://www.webcitation.org/6BMLU3y9u?url=http://www.wumart.com/upload/file/2011/9/6/E.pdf Archive]) Wumart. Retrieved on 12 October 2012. "ADDRESS OF HEAD OFFICE Wumart Commercial Building 158-1 West 4th Ring North Road Haidian District Beijing P. R. China" and "LEGAL ADDRESS IN CHINA Room 5610 1 Shixingdong Street Badachu HighTech Park District Shijingshan District Beijing The PRC"
20. ^"Contact Us {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812064501/http://en.aigo.com/ContactUs.aspx |date=12 August 2013 }}." aigo. Retrieved on July 25, 2013. "aigo Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Add: 10-11th Floor, Ideal Plaza, No.58, West Road, North 4th Ring Road, Beijing, 100080, China" Chinese address {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924034607/http://aigo.com/web/Support-58.aspx |date=24 September 2013 }}: "{{lang|zh-hans|北京市北四环西路58号理想国际大厦11层}}"
21. ^{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722140423/http://www.cnpostair.com/lx.asp |script-title=zh:联系我们 |publisher=China Postal Airlines |accessdate=18 November 2012 |quote="{{lang|zh-hans|北京海淀区增光路55号紫玉写字楼11-14层}}"}}
22. ^"Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd." ([https://archive.is/20140111005619/http://english.comac.cc/home/subsidiaryenterprises/201012/27/t20101227_410344.shtml Archive]) COMAC. Retrieved on January 10, 2014.
23. ^{{cite web|script-title=zh:联系方式 (Contact Us)|url=http://www.mi.com/about/contact|website=Official website of Xiaomi|accessdate=17 March 2016| language = zh-hans}}
24. ^"[https://www.google.com/about/company/facts/locations/ Google locations]." Google. Retrieved on May 25, 2016. "Google Beijing Tsinghua Science Park Bldg 6 No. 1 Zhongguancun East Road Haidian District"
25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ebchinaintl.com/en/global/contact.php|title=Contact Us|publisher=Everbright International|accessdate=2019-03-04|quote=Flat 1603, Block B, Beijing International Building, No. 18, Nanda Street Jia, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, PRC}} - [https://www.ebchinaintl.com/tc/global/contact.php Traditional Chinese address]: " 北京市海澱區中關村南大街甲18號北京國際大廈B座1603室" - [https://www.ebchinaintl.com/sc/global/contact.php Simplified Chinese address]: "北京市海淀区中关村南大街甲18号北京国际大厦B座1603室"
26. ^"联系我们" (Contact Us) ([https://archive.is/20140111004643/http://www.bjedu.gov.cn/publish/portal7/tab542/ Archive]). Beijing Municipal Commission of Education. Retrieved on January 10, 2014. "北京市教育委员会地址：海淀区北四环中路267号北京奥运大厦"
27. ^Home page ([https://archive.is/20140111005948/http://www.bjedu.gov.cn/publish/portal27/ Archive]). Beijing Municipal Commission of Education. Retrieved on January 10, 2014. "地址：海淀区北四环中路267号北京奥运大厦 邮政编码：100083"
28. ^"Location." Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School. Retrieved on June 7, 2014. "Address：No.20, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing,100195 P.R.China" - Address in Chinese: "地址： 北京市海淀区杏石口路20号 邮编： 100195"
29. ^FIB Members {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217153710/http://worldbandy.com/about-fib/members/ |date=17 February 2016 }}, read 20 February 2016

External links

{{Portal|Beijing}}{{Commonscat}}{{wikivoyage|Beijing/Haidian|Haidian}}
  • Haidian District, Beijing Municipality {{en icon}}
  • Haidian District, Beijing Municipality {{zh icon}}
{{Beijing}}

2 : Districts of Beijing|Haidian District
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