| 词条 | Battle of Livno |
| 释义 |
| conflict = Operation Beta | partof = World War II in Yugoslavia | date = 21 – 23 October 1942 | place = Livno | result = Partisans withdraw, Axis takes Livno | combatant1 = {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy}} {{flag|Independent State of Croatia}} | combatant2 = {{flagicon|Democratic Federal Yugoslavia}} Yugoslav partisans | strength1 = | strength2 = }} The Battle of Livno is the name of several battles fought over the town of Livno during World War II, which changed hands between the Independent State of Croatia and Partisan forces several times. Operation BetaOperation Beta followed on the heels of Operation Alfa in which Italian forces retook Prozor from the Partisans. Ten Italian battalions and two Ustaše battalions took the city from the Partisans with neither side suffering many casualties.[1] Battle for Livno (late 1942){{Infobox military conflict| conflict = Battle of Livno | partof = World War II in Yugoslavia | date = 5–15 December 1942 | place = Livno | result = Ustaše withdrawal, Partisans take Livno | combatant1 = {{flag|Independent State of Croatia}} 5th Ustaše Brigade | combatant2 = {{flagicon|Democratic Federal Yugoslavia}} Yugoslav partisans 2nd Proletarian Division | commander1 = Rafael Boban | strength1 = 1200 soldiers | strength2 = 3000 soldiers }} The defence of the city was led by Rafael Boban and elements of his Black Legion. The battle resulted in Boban's forces retreating from Livno. Approximately 100 Croatian soldiers and 74 Partisan soldiers were killed in the battle.[2] Operation Ziethen{{Infobox military conflict| conflict = Operation Ziethen | partof = World War II in Yugoslavia | date = 4–6 December 1943 | place = Livno | result = Axis victory | combatant1 = {{flag|Nazi Germany}} {{flag|Independent State of Croatia}} | combatant2 = {{flagicon|Democratic Federal Yugoslavia}} Yugoslav partisans | strength1 = | strength2 = }}{{Campaignbox Yugoslavia}} Operation Ziethen was a German-Croatian military operation which sought to reestablish control over the Livno–Šuica–Duvno area.[3] The entire operation was a great success for the Axis forces. A mass grave containing over 1000 bodies of people executed by the Partisans was subsequently discovered near Livno. The success of the operation resulted in over 1000 volunteers from the area to join the Croatian forces.[3] Notes1. ^Anti-Partisan Operations in Croatia: Operation "Beta" (1942-10-21) 2. ^“Livno mora pasti”: borbe dijelova V. ustaškog stajaćeg zdruga s II. proleterskom divizijom za Livno u prosincu 1942. godine (p. 965) 3. ^1 Anti-Partisan Operations in Croatia: Operation "Ziethen" (1943-12-04) References
11 : Yugoslavia in World War II|Eastern European theatre of World War II|Battles involving the Yugoslav Partisans|Battles involving the Independent State of Croatia|Battles involving Italy|Livno|Urban warfare|Battles of World War II involving Germany|1942 in Bosnia and Herzegovina|October 1942 events|Conflicts in 1942 |
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