| 词条 | Battle of Martinique (1794) |
| 释义 |
|conflict=Invasion of Martinique |partof=the French Revolutionary Wars |image= |caption='The Capture of Fort Saint Louis, Martinique, 20 March 1794' painting by William Anderson |date=February 5 - March 24 1794 |place=Martinique |result= British victory
|combatant1= United Kingdom |combatant2= French Empire |commander1=John Jervis Charles Grey |commander2= Vicomte de Rochambeau {{Surrendered}} |strength1=6,000 men 3 ships of the line 5 Frigates |strength2=900 troops or militia |casualties1= |casualties2= |campaignbox={{Campaignbox First Coalition}} }} The Battle of Martinique was a successful 1707-1800 Kingdom of Great Britain month and a half invasion from February 5th to March 24th of 1794 of the 1792-1804 1st Republic of France held island of Martinique in the West Indies, during the 1789-1799 French Revolutionary Wars. BackgroundDuring 1794 the British were in negotiations with a French planter, Louis-François Dubuc, who wished to gain British protection, as the then French Constitutional Assembly of the 1st Republic was busy passing a law abolishing slavery, which had actually took place in Paris on 4 February of 1794. However the Whitehall Accord of 19 February, 1794, between counter-revolutionary French colonists and Great Britain, which allowed colonial French slave-owners to maintain slavery, was not signed until after the British had landed. InvasionThus on 5 February, the day after slavery was abolished in Paris, in what just might be one of world history's greatest feats of precognition, a British fleet under the command of Royal Navy Admiral Sir John Jervis landed troops under the command of General Charles Grey in a campaign which would last six weeks.[1] By 20 March only Fort Bourbon and Fort Royal still held out. Jervis ordered the fourth rate ship of the line HMS Asia (64 guns), and the sloop, HMS Zebra to take Fort Saint Louis.[2] Asia was unable to get close, Zebra went in alone, with her captain, Richard Faulknor. Despite facing heavy fire, Faulknor ran Zebra close under the walls. He and his ship's company then used Zebra{{'}}s boats to land. The British stormed the fort and captured it. Zebra lost only her pilot killed and four men wounded. Meanwhile the boats of the British fleet captured Fort Royal and two days later Fort Bourbon capitulated.[1] AftermathThe Governor General of Martinique at the time was Donatien Marie Joseph de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau who surrendered to Grey. The British then occupied Martinique until the Treaty of Amiens returned the island to the French in 1802. References1. ^1 {{London Gazette|issue=13643 |date=22 April 1794|pages=353–359}} 2. ^James (1837), Vol. 1, p.218
11 : Battles of the French Revolutionary Wars|Battles involving Great Britain|Battles involving France|History of Martinique|Conflicts in 1794|Invasions|1794 in the British Empire|1794 in the Caribbean|Invasions by Great Britain|Invasions of Martinique|18th century in Martinique |
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