| 词条 | Battle of the Orontes |
| 释义 |
|conflict=Battle of the Orontes | image= Arab-Byzantine frontier zone.svg | image_size = 250 |caption= Map of the Arab–Byzantine frontier zone |partof=the Arab–Byzantine wars |date= 15 September 994 |place= Orontes River (Syria) |result= Fatimid victory |combatant1= Byzantine Empire Hamdanids |combatant2= Fatimid Caliphate |commander1= Michael Bourtzes |commander2= Manjutakin |strength1= |strength2= |casualties1 = at least 5,000 |casualties2 = Unknown |notes = |campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Byzantine–Arab Wars}} }} The Battle of the Orontes was fought on 15 September 994 between the Byzantines and their Hamdanid allies under Michael Bourtzes against the forces of the Fatimid vizier of Damascus, the Turkish general Manjutakin. The battle was a Fatimid victory.[1] BackgroundIn the 990s, the Byzantine Empire and the Fatimids were involved in a war in Syria, which also involved the Byzantine vassal state of Aleppo, controlled by the Hamdanid dynasty. In 993/994, the Fatimid governor of Damascus, the Turkish general Manjutakin, besieged Apamea, and Bourtzes, the Byzantine doux of Antioch, came forth to relieve the city. BattleThe two armies met across two fords on the Orontes River near Apamea on 15 September 994. Manjutakin sent his forces to attack the Byzantines' Hamdanid allies across one ford while pinning the main Byzantine force down on the other with his Turks and mercenary units.[2] His men succeeded in breaking through the Hamdanids, turned round and attacked the Byzantine force in the rear. The Byzantine army panicked and fled, losing some 5,000 men in the process.[3] AftermathShortly after the battle, the Fatimid caliphate took control of Syria, removing the Hamdanids from power they hold since 890.[4] Manjutakin went on to capture Azaz and continued his siege of Aleppo.[5] This defeat led to the direct intervention of Byzantine emperor Basil II in a lightning campaign the next year,[6] and Bourtzes' dismissal from his post and his replacement by Damian Dalassenos. References1. ^J. Gordon Melton, 2014, p.256 2. ^Trombley, 1997, pp.269–270 3. ^Ibid, 440f. 4. ^J. Gordon Melton, 2014, p.256 5. ^Trombley, 1997, pp.269–270 6. ^Holmes,2005,pp.346–347 Sources
8 : 990s conflicts|990s in the Byzantine Empire|994|Battles involving the Byzantine Empire|Battles involving the Fatimid Caliphate|Battles of the Arab–Byzantine wars|Battles involving the Hamdanid emirate of Aleppo|Syria under the Fatimid Caliphate |
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