| 词条 | Bayt Mahsir | |||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Bayt Mahsir | native_name = بيت محسير | native_name_lang = ar | settlement_type = Village | image_skyline = Panorama_feom_west.JPG | imagesize = 200 | image_caption = Panorama from west, 2008 | etymology = The house of Mahsîr[1] | pushpin_map = Mandatory Palestine | pushpin_mapsize = 200 | coordinates = {{coord|31|47|40|N|35|02|05|E|type:city_region:IL|display=inline,title}} | grid_name = Palestine grid | grid_position = 153/133 | subdivision_type = Geopolitical entity | subdivision_name = Mandatory Palestine | subdivision_type1 = Subdistrict | subdivision_name1 = Jerusalem | established_title1 = Date of depopulation | established_date1 = May 10–11, 1948[2] | established_title2 = Repopulated dates | unit_pref = dunam | area_total_dunam = 16,268 | population_as_of = 1945 | population_total = 2,400[3][4] | blank_name_sec1 = Cause(s) of depopulation | blank_info_sec1 = Military assault by Yishuv forces | blank3_name_sec1 = Current Localities | blank3_info_sec1 = Beit Meir,[5][6] Mesilat Zion[6] }} Bayt Mahsir ({{lang-ar|بيت محسير}}) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Jerusalem Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on May 10, 1948 by the Harel Brigade of Operation Makkabi. It was located 9 km west of Jerusalem. HistoryA large medieval oil press, about 10 x 35 meters, was recorded NW of the village in 1947 by representatives from the Palestine Antiquities Department. The representative thought it was from the Ayyubid or Crusader era, later examination of surviving pictures by D. Pringle determined them to be from the Crusader era. It has since been destroyed.[7][8] Ottoman eraIn 1838 Beit Mahsir was noted as a Muslim village, located in the District of Beni Malik, west of Jerusalem.[9] An Ottoman village list from about 1870 found 50 houses and a population of 130, though that population count included men only.[10][11] In 1883, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Beit Mahsir as “a village of moderate size, standing on a hill at the end of the higher spurs overlooking the lower hills on the west. It has olives to the north and a spring to the north-east."[12] In 1892, P. Baldensperger recounted a story about the 'Ajami of Beit Mahsir, "whose lands were mixed with the village lands, [he] killed several animals which were on his lands. The people thought it was enemies who did it, and one evening they hid themselves, and saw the rider, [..] He asked them what they wanted, and they told him: If thou art the 'Ajami, show us thy lands. The next morning he had shown them by a boundary line all around his lands, and since then, nobody interferes with his grounds. A camel which was feeding on an olive tree was found hanged between its branches; and at another time a jackal was found standing dead with a candle in its mouth at the door of the Makam. Thus the 'Ajami punishes man and beast for going on, or taking anything from his grounds."[13] Baldensperger later recounted the meeting with a Dervish who had stayed "with 'Ajami" (apparently some mythical creature) at the 'Ajami shrine above Bayt Mahsir.[14] In 1896 the population of Bet Mahsir was estimated to be about 258 persons.[15] British Mandate eraIn the 1922 census of Palestine, during the early British Mandate of Palestine period, there were 1,367 villagers, all Muslims,[16] increasing in the 1931 census to 1,920 Muslims, in 445 houses.[17] In the 1944–45 statistics, the village had a population of 2,400 Muslims,[3] and the total land area was 16,268 dunams.[4] Of this, 1,348 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards, 6,225 dunams were for cereals,[18] while 77 dunams were built-up (urban) Arab land.[19] Bayt Mahsir had three schools; two schools for boys and an elementary school for girls. Bayt Mahsir contains a number of khirbat, including al-Huwaytiyya, al-Masi, Khatula and al-Sallam.[20] The villagers took pride in the fact that the last Imam of its mosque, Shaykh Khalil As'ad, was a graduate of Al-Azhar University in Cairo.[20] 1948 and aftermathAlready on April 12, 1948, while Bayt Mahsir was still in Palestinian hands, the Yishuv leadership made plans to populate it with people of the Yishuv.[21] During the April–May fighting in the Jerusalem Corridor (operations ‘Nachshon’, ‘Harel’, ‘Yevusi’ and ‘Maccabi’), Palmach units more or less systematically levelled Qastal, Qalunya and Khulda, and largely or partly destroyed the villages of Beit Surik, Biddu, Shuafat, Beit Iksa, and Bayt Mahsir and Sheikh Jarrah.[22] Bayt Mahsir became depopulated on May 10–11, 1948, after military assault by Yishuv forces.[2][23][24][25] In August 1948, the new Israeli leadership started finalising plans for resettling Bayt Mahsir land.[26] [27]In 1992 Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi noted that some houses from Bayt Mahsir were still standing amongst in the moshav of Beit Meir, identifying two large homes built of limestone that were larger than those built after 1948. He also noted that "The remains of a flour mill, a metal machine with flywheels fitted over a stone structure, can still be seen. There is a wild forest of old trees on the eastern edge of the village site, on top of the mountain. The tomb of al-'Ajami, together with other graves, are among the trees."[6] The Maqam al-'Ajami, or tomb of al-'Ajami, was examined by Petersen in 1994. It is located south east of the village site, on a hill in the present Hamasrek Nature Reserve. The name is identified by Tawfiq Canaan as coming from Ahmad al-'Ajami, called the Persian, though Canaan doubted that he was of Persian origin.[28][29] The representative from the Palestine Antiquities Department dated it to the seventeenth century in 1947, a date which Petersen find "not inconsistent" with the architecture of the building.[30]Two books have been published about Bayt Mahsir, one in 1988, and one in 2002.[31] GalleryReferences1. ^Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/286/mode/1up 286] 2. ^1 Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR20 xx], village #336. Also gives cause of depopulation. 3. ^1 Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 24 4. ^1 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 56 5. ^Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR21 xxi], settlement #28. 6. ^1 2 Khalidi, 1992, p. 277. 7. ^Pringle, 1997, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC&pg=PA28 28] 8. ^Petersen, 2002, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C 124] 9. ^Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/123/mode/1up 123] 10. ^Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/146/mode/1up 146] 11. ^Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n948/mode/1up 140] also noted 50 houses 12. ^Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/16/mode/1up 16] 13. ^Baldensperger, 1893, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme25pale#page/n238/mode/1up 219] 14. ^Baldensperger, 1913, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/immovableeaststu00balduoft#page/n115/mode/1up 76]-[https://archive.org/stream/immovableeaststu00balduoft#page/n139/mode/1up 96] 15. ^Schick, 1896, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde19deut#page/n232/mode/1up 125] 16. ^Barron, 1923, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n17/mode/1up 15] 17. ^Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 38] 18. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 101 19. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 151 20. ^1 Khalidi, 1992, p. 276 21. ^Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA371 371], note #168, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA405 405] 22. ^Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA345 345], note # 21, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA396 396] 23. ^Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA233 233] 24. ^Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA235 235], note # 547, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA293 293] 25. ^Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA237 237], note #552, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA294 294] 26. ^Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA376 376], notes #202, 203 p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA407 407] 27. ^Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA380 380] 28. ^Canaan, 1927, p. 251, cited in Petersen, 2002, p. 125 29. ^meaning "The Persian Sheikh", according to Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/327/mode/1up 327] 30. ^Petersen, 2002, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C 125] 31. ^Davis, 2011, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=wlKjZwMwz0wC&pg=PA1 1], [https://books.google.com/books?id=wlKjZwMwz0wC&pg=PA30 30] Bibliography{{ref begin}}
External links
2 : Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War|District of Jerusalem |
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