“Half Moon Bay, California”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Half Moon Bay is a coastal city in San Mateo County, California, United States. Its population was 11,324 as of the 2010 census. Immediately at the north of Half Moon Bay is the Pillar Point Harbor and the unincorporated community of Princeton-by-the-Sea. The urban area had a population of 20,713 at the same census.

History

Half Moon Bay began as a rural agriculture area, primarily used for grazing of cattle, horses, and oxen used by Mission San Francisco de Asis (established in June 1776). Following the secularization of the Mission, Tiburcio Vásquez received the Rancho Corral de Tierra Mexican land grant in 1839 and Candelario Miramontes was granted Rancho Miramontes (later known as Rancho San Benito) in 1841.

The community began to develop in the 1840s as the first real town in San Mateo County. Known originally as San Benito, the town was renamed Spanishtown and attracted a thriving fishing industry in addition to its continued importance to coastal agriculture. Spanishtown became a racially diverse community, settled by Canadians, Chinese, English, Germans, Irish, Mexicans, Italians, Scots, Portuguese, and Pacific Islanders. Regular stagecoach service was established with San Mateo; coaches also served the communities of Purissima, Lobitos, and San Gregorio. Levy Brothers opened a department store in downtown Half Moon Bay. Spanishtown was officially renamed Half Moon Bay in 1874.

The area grew very slowly, even after the Ocean Shore Railroad began serving the community in 1907. The construction of Pedro Mountain Road in 1914 provided better access to San Francisco and probably contributed to the demise of the railroad by 1920. The USS DeLong ran aground at Half Moon Bay 1 December 1921. During Prohibition "rum runners" took advantage of dense fog and hidden coves in the area to serve a number of roadhouses and inns, some of which operate today as restaurants. Real growth in the area came after World War II with the construction of numerous subdivisions, eventually leading to the incorporation of Half Moon Bay in 1959. The city preserves a historic downtown district which includes historic buildings dating as far back as 1869.

2008 economic downturn and subsequent recovery

In 2008, financial setbacks endangered the city's viability. The economic crisis severely affected tourism, which generates the most revenue, and that just at the time when the city had finalized an $18 million settlement over a property lawsuit. As the municipal budget was typically $14 million or less, city fathers had issued bonds with annual payments of approximately $1 million over 25 years. As a result of these combined fiscal obstacles, the threat of bankruptcy was very real. Dozens of meetings were held in order to decide where the budget should be cut and finally 75% of municipal employees were laid off and replaced with contract workers. Also, employee contributions toward retirement benefits were raised. However, the city council sought to regain the money paid in the settlement, believing that it should have been paid by the city's insurers. A lawsuit against the insurers was decided in 2013 and the insurer ordered to pay more than $13 million to the city; the costs of the lawsuit had been partially covered by the Association of Bay Area Governments.^[7]

Since then, the City's finances have shown great improvement. The City was able to retire the first of its two 30-year Judgment Obligation Bonds (2009A Series Bonds) a full 20 years early. The early retirement will save the City over $426,000 in annual General Fund expenses starting in 2015-16. The second set of Judgment Obligation Bonds (2009B Series Bonds) will be retired in 2019, 18 years ahead of schedule with a combination of annual payments from the City Budget and funds already on deposit with the Bond Trustee obtained in settlements with two of the City’s insurance carriers. The early retirement of the 2009B Series Bonds will reduce the General Fund budget expenditure by almost $700,000 per year and will provide funding for the annual debt service on the Lease Revenue Bonds for the New Half Moon Bay Library.

As of the publication of the Fiscal Year 2015/16 Budget the General Fund budget is balanced and has a structural surplus of $4.0 Million. The General Fund budget is also projected to have a significant structural surplus (revenues exceeding operating expenses) in the following four years according to revenue and expense projections from the City’s Finance Department. This means that the City will be able to fully fund the cost of day-to-day operations and services in Half Moon Bay over the next five years with a healthy annual surplus that can be used towards the cost of desired Capital Improvement Program projects and other needs.^[8]

Geography

Half Moon Bay is located at {{Coord|37.458840|-122.436848|type:city(11842)_region:US-CA|format=dms}},^[9] approximately {{convert|25|mi}} south of San Francisco, {{convert|10|mi}} west of San Mateo, and {{convert|45|mi}} north of Santa Cruz. Neighboring towns include El Granada, Princeton-by-the-Sea, Moss Beach, and Montara to the north and Purissima, San Gregorio, and Pescadero to the south.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|6.4|sqmi|km2}}, of which, {{convert|6.4|sqmi|km2}} of it is land and {{convert|0.02|sqmi|km2}} of it (0.32%) is water.

It is situated on a bay of the same name. Major local industries include agriculture (houseplants, floriculture, Christmas trees, pumpkins, artichokes), fishing, and tourism. Historically, Half Moon Bay had been known as San Benito and Spanishtown.

A popular spot at Half Moon Bay is the 'Jetty,' or as it is sometimes called, 'The Breakwater.' This is a man-made break with unusual waves shaped by reflections from the breakwater at Pillar Point Harbor. Streams in Half Moon Bay include Frenchmans Creek, Pilarcitos Creek and Naples Creek.

Montara State Marine Reserve & Pillar Point State Marine Conservation Area extend offshore from Montara, just north of Half Moon Bay. Like underwater parks, these marine protected areas help conserve ocean wildlife and marine ecosystems.

Climate

Half Moon Bay usually has mild weather throughout the year. Under the Köppen climate classification, Half Moon Bay has a cool summer mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb). Hot weather is rare; the average annual days with highs of {{convert|90|°F|°C|abbr=on}} or higher is only 0.4 days. Cold weather is also rare with an annual average of 2.5 days with lows of {{convert|32|°F|°C|abbr=on}} or lower.^[11] Typical of Northern California, most of the rain falls from November to April. The normal annual precipitation is {{convert|26.2|in|sigfig=3}}.^[11] Snowfall along the coast in Half Moon Bay has never been measurable; however, snow flurries were observed on December 12, 1972, and February 5, 1976. There is often fog and overcast during the night and morning hours, usually clearing to offshore during the afternoon. Persistent sea breezes help to moderate the climate along the coast; farther from the ocean, in places such as Pilarcitos Creek, days are often warmer and nights cooler than on the coast. For the 37th parallel north, the mild summer temperatures of Half Moon Bay are unmatched across the board. Relatively nearby inland cities see significantly warmer temperatures at the same time. In spite of the low latitude and strong maritime influence, nights remain very cool even in summer.

January is the coolest month with an average high of {{convert|58.4|°F|1}} and an average low of {{convert|42.9|°F|1}}. September is the warmest month with an average high of {{convert|66.8|°F|1}} and an average low of {{convert|51.2|°F|1}}.^[11] The highest temperature ever recorded in Half Moon Bay is {{convert|96|°F|1}}, which occurred on May 16, 2008.^[11] On December 3, 1983, calm conditions, low humidity, and clear skies produced a low of {{convert|18|°F|1}}.^[11]

The most rainfall recorded in Half Moon Bay in one month was {{convert|15.70|in|sigfig=3}} in February 1998. The heaviest 24-hour rainfall was {{convert|5.33|in|sigfig=3}} on January 4, 1982. There is an average of 86 days with measurable rainfall.^[11]

Demographics

2010

The 2010 United States Census^[13] reported that Half Moon Bay had a population of 11,324. The population density was 1,757.1 people per square mile (678.4/km²). The racial makeup of Half Moon Bay was 8,580 (75.8%) White, 82 (0.7%) African American, 71 (0.6%) Native American, 490 (4.3%) Asian, 9 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 1,710 (15.1%) from other races, and 382 (3.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,563 persons (31.5%).

The Census reported that 11,306 people (99.8% of the population) lived in households, 18 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 4,149 households, out of which 1,264 (30.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2,373 (57.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 293 (7.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 156 (3.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 208 (5.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 41 (1.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,067 households (25.7%) were made up of individuals and 538 (13.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72. There were 2,822 families (68.0% of all households); the average family size was 3.24.

The population was spread out with 2,533 people (22.4%) under the age of 18, 796 people (7.0%) aged 18 to 24, 2,587 people (22.8%) aged 25 to 44, 3,644 people (32.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,764 people (15.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.8 males.

There were 4,395 housing units at an average density of 682.0 per square mile (263.3/km²), of which 2,944 (71.0%) were owner-occupied, and 1,205 (29.0%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 1.9%. 7,645 people (67.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 3,661 people (32.3%) lived in rental housing units.

2000

As of the census^[14] of 2000, there were 11,842 people, 4,004 households, and 2,774 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,829.8 people per square mile (706.7/km²). There were 4,114 housing units at an average density of 635.7 per square mile (245.5/km²).

There were 4,004 households out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the city, the population was spread out with 22.2% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $78,473, and the median income for a family was $92,204. Males had a median income of $60,913 versus $41,265 for females. The per capita income for the city was $37,963. 6.1% of the population and 3.4% of families were below the poverty line. 7.0% of those are under the age of 18 and 6.2% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Government

In the California State Legislature, Half Moon Bay is in {{Representative|casd|13|fmt=sdistrict}}, and in {{Representative|caad|24|fmt=adistrict}}.^[15]

In the United States House of Representatives, Half Moon Bay is in {{Representative|cacd|14|fmt=district}}.^[16]

Fire protection for the city of Half Moon Bay is provided by the Coastside Fire Protection district,^[17] which contracts for service with CalFire.^[17]

Law enforcement for the City of Half Moon Bay is provided under a contract with the San Mateo County Sheriff's Office.

According to the California Secretary of State, as of February 10, 2019, Half Moon Bay has 7,549 registered voters. Of those, 3,603 (47.7%) are registered Democrats, 1,380 (18.3%) are registered Republicans, and 2,142 (28.4%) have declined to state a political party.^[18]

Economy

Top employers

According to the City's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,^[19] the top employers in the city are:

Pillar Point Harbor

The Pillar Point Harbor at the northern edge of Half Moon Bay offers a protected landing for boats and provides other marine infrastructure. In the late 1980s a new master plan was developed for the Harbor.^[20] A variety of fish species have been identified in the harbor area. The most abundant fish include flatfish, particularly the speckled sanddab (Citharichthys stigmaeus) and the commercially important English sole (Parophrys vetulus), several species of rockfish (Sebastes sp.) with boccacio (S. paucispinis) most abundant, many members of the surfperch family, the most abundant being shiner (Cymanogaster aggregata) and dwarf surfperches (Micrometrus minimus), and the commercially important Pacific herring (Clupea harengus). Smaller populations of many other species, including significant commercial or sport species such as various surfperch, flatfish including halibut (Paralichthys californicus), lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus), and cabezon (Scoraenichthys marmotarus) also are found in the harbor during the summer. Abundant winter species include starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) and topsmelt (Atherinops affinis).^[21] At Pillar Point Harbor, fishermen sell crab and fish catches straight off their boats at discount prices directly to the public, and restaurants will fillet the fish for purchasers.^[22]

Local attractions

The city has four sites listed at the National Register of Historic Places: the Methodist Episcopal Church at Half Moon Bay, the William Adam Simmons House, the Robert Mills Dairy Barn, and the James Johnston House.

Reflecting the numerous artists in the area, there is an active artist's collective, Colony of Coastside Artists, downtown has several galleries, and there are many classes and workshops available locally.^[23] Half Moon Bay also hosts an annual Art and Pumpkin Festival in October.

The remnants of the village of Purissima, perhaps the only ghost town in San Mateo County, are {{convert|4|mi|km|spell=in}} south of the city, near the junction of State Route 1 and Verde Road.

The Ritz-Carlton hotel chain operates a hotel there and is a major employer. The hotel was used as the wedding venue for the movie American Wedding.

At the north edge of the bay is the big wave surf area, Mavericks, off Pillar Point, where surfers challenge waves over {{convert|50|ft|m}} tall.

The Half Moon Bay Yacht Club is located in the north end of Pillar Point Harbor.

Montara Mountain, located North of Half Moon Bay, is a popular outdoor recreation spot and home to the old Highway 1.

Seagoing vessels at Pillar Point Harbor will, on occasion, sell fresh seafood while docked at the piers.

The airport hosts an annual benefit event in April, Pacific Coast Dream Machines, which features aircraft and automobiles.^[24]

The region around Half Moon Bay contains several state parks and beaches, including:

Media

Namesakes

The World War II United States Navy seaplane tender USS Half Moon (AVP-26) was named for Half Moon Bay, and retained the name when serving as a United States Coast Guard weather reporting ship USCGC Half Moon for more than 20 years after the war.

The album Half Moon Bay was recorded by jazz pianist Bill Evans in 1973 at the Bach Dancing and Dynamite Society in Half Moon Bay.

Transportation

Primary road access is via State Route 1 (the Cabrillo Highway) from the north and south, and State Route 92 from the east.

SamTrans buses #294 & #17 provide service to Half Moon bay from the Hillsdale Caltrain station in San Mateo and Linda Mar in Pacifica respectively.

Education

The Cabrillo Unified School District serves the city. Schools in Half Moon Bay include Half Moon Bay High School, Cunha Middle School and Hatch Elementary School although many students are bused to other Cabrillo Unified Schools (Farallone View Elementary and El Granada Elementary) in the unincorporated area north of the City and King Mountain off Skyline Blvd. south of Hwy 92.

Notable people

See also

References

1. ^{{Cite web |url = http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc |title = California Cities by Incorporation Date |format = Word |publisher = California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions |accessdate = August 25, 2014 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131017052413/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc |archivedate = October 17, 2013 |df = }}
2. ^{{Cite web | url = http://hmbcity.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=35&Itemid=58 | title = City Council Homepage | publisher = City of Half Moon Bay | accessdate = June 6, 2016}}
3. ^{{Cite web | url = http://hmbcity.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49&Itemid=66 | title = Directory | publisher = City of Half Moon Bay | accessdate = April 15, 2015}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Jul 19, 2017}}
5. ^{{Cite GNIS|277528|Half Moon Bay|accessdate=November 5, 2014}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0631708.html|title=Half Moon Bay (city) QuickFacts|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=April 12, 2015}}
7. ^http://www.smdailyjournal.com/articles/lnews/2013-07-31/city-bond-debt-to-be-paid-early-half-moon-bay-using-insurance-settlement-money-for-beachwood-development/1772704.html
8. ^http://hmbcity.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=124&Itemid=126
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
10. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite web |url = http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca3714 |title = General Climate Summary Tables - Half Moon Bay, California |publisher= Western Regional Climate Center |accessdate = December 6, 2012}}
11. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0631708|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Half Moon Bay city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 12, 2014}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}}
15. ^{{Cite web | url = http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html | title = Statewide Database | publisher = UC Regents | accessdate = November 29, 2014}}
16. ^{{Cite GovTrack|CA|14|accessdate=March 13, 2013}}
17. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://www.coastsidefire.org/about|title=About Us {{!}} Coastside Fire Protection District|website=www.coastsidefire.org|access-date=2017-06-27}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/ror/ror-odd-year-2019/politicalsub.pdf|title=CA Secretary of State – Report of Registration – February 10, 2019|author=|date=|website=ca.gov|accessdate=March 12, 2019}}
19. ^City of Half Moon Bay CAFR
20. ^Callander Associates, Pillar Point Harbor East Harbor Master Plan, December 21, 1988)
21. ^Environmental Impact Report for the Pillar Point East Harbor Master Plan, Earth Metrics Inc., prepared for the San Mateo County Harbor District, February, 1989
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smharbor.com/pillarpoint/|title=FishFone|accessdate=2009-12-06}}
23. ^Arts On The Coastside Retrieved on 2015-05-06.
24. ^Pacific Coast Dream Machines, Half Moon Bay's Festival of Magnificent Machines. Miramarevents.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
25. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.coastsider.com | title=Coastsider}}
26. ^{{Cite web | url=http://halfmoonbay.patch.com | title=Half Moon Bay, CA Patch - Breaking News, Local News, Events, Schools, Weather, Sports and Shopping}}
27. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.askart.com/artist/Dorothy_Wagner_Puccinelli/106919/Dorothy_Wagner_Puccinelli.aspx|title=Dorothy Puccinelli|website=www.askart.com|access-date=2016-03-14}}
28. ^{{Cite web|url=http://features.bowdoin.edu/schiller-coastal-studies|title=The Schiller Coastal Studies Center|website=features.bowdoin.edu|access-date=2017-09-06|date=2017-08-31}}