| 词条 | Bear Creek (San Francisquito Creek) |
| 释义 |
| name = Bear Creek | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Arroyo de la Presa Bear Gulch Creek | name_etymology = | image = Bear Creek Joins San Francisquito Creek July 2011.jpg | image_caption = Bear Creek coming down from top of photo to join with Corte Madera Creek at bottom of photo, forming San Francisquito Creek below Searsville Dam. | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = United States | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = California | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = San Mateo County | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = City | subdivision_name5 = Woodside, California | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = Northeast slope of Sierra Morena, California a summit in the Sierra Morena portion of the Santa Cruz Mountains, near Kings Mountain, California | source1_location = Woodside | source1_coordinates= {{coord|37|25|09|N|122|19|09|W|display=inline}}[1] | source1_elevation = {{convert|2150|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = San Francisquito Creek | mouth_location = Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, Stanford University | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|37|24|36|N|122|14|18|W|display=inline,title}}[1] | mouth_elevation = {{convert|256|ft|abbr=on}}[1] | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = West Union Creek, Dry Creek | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }}Bear Creek, or Bear Gulch Creek, is a {{convert|6.6|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}}[2] southeastward-flowing stream originating north of the summit of Sierra Morena[3] in the Santa Cruz Mountains, near the community of Kings Mountain in San Mateo County, California, United States. It flows through the town of Woodside. Bear Creek and Corte Madera Creek join to become San Francisquito Creek in the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve at Stanford University.[1][4] The Indomitable SalmonThe large wooden salmon sculpture that sits outside Buck's of Woodside restaurant was carved to commemorate a salmon's remarkable return journey to the Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery where it was born. On 2 December 1964, Superintendent Ken Johnson hatchery near Orick, Humboldt County, California found a 2-year-old marked coho salmon swimming in a tank of newborn fish, exactly where he had been raised two years earlier. To reach the tank, he had to travel from the Pacific Ocean up Redwood Creek, turn into Lost Man Creek, run up a ditch, through a {{convert|1.5|ft|m}} culvert under Highway 101, through a storm sewer, and up the hatchery waste water through a {{convert|4|in|cm}} drainage pipe, making a 90 degree turn and a {{convert|2.5|ft|m}} vertical jump inside the pipe. Finally, he rammed through an overhead wire mesh screen, probably by jumping, to get into the rearing pond.[5] The fish was rapidly nicknamed Indomitable by the local press. Looking for how he got into the tank, workers found 72 more marked coho jack salmon of the same age class stuck in the flume or drainage pipe on the way to the hatchling pond.[6] The story of Indomitable received massive press coverage, inspired a book, and continues to be cited as one of the amazing feats of animal migration.[7] After the Prairie Creek Hatchery closed in 1992, the original Davis salmon sculpture was sold by the Humboldt County Board of Supervisors and is currently installed outside Buck's restaurant, just in front of a minor tributary of Bear Gulch Creek. HistoryThe Spanish called the creek Arroyo de la Presa, meaning "creek of the dam", and it was part of the Rancho Cañada de Raymundo land grant.[8] A foreclosure sale in 1861 records, "Arroyo de la Presa, now called by the Americans Bear Gulch...which heads near the summit of the mountains (Sierra Morena)".[9] The Americans named Bear Creek Gulch for Mexican War veteran James "Grizzly" Ryder's near fatal encounter with the now extinct California grizzly bear (Ursus californicus).[10][11] EcologyIn the Bear Creek sub-basin of the San Francisquito Creek watershed, adult steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) migrate from the Bay to the freshwater streams of Bear, West Union, and Bear Gulch Creeks to spawn. They are listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. Steelhead smolt spend the first two years of their lives in freshwater, requiring perennial streams, or at least pools, to survive.[12] The anomalously low gradient of the channel of West Union Creek is also related to the fault and creates high quality steelhead habitat, as do the numerous seeps and springs along the fault. The permanent pools created by these seeps and springs are crucial to the survival of steelhead young.[13] In a 2001 report thirty four barriers to trout migration were identified within Bear Creek and its West Union Creek, Bear Gulch, Squealer Gulch, and McGarvey Gulch tributaries.[12] That report identified the culvert for McGarvey Gulch creek at the Richards Road crossing in Huddart County Park as a significant migration barrier for adult and juvenile steelhead and was reconstructed with funds from the State Department of Transportation's San Francisco Bay Salmonid Habitat Restoration Fund.[14] WatershedThe Bear Creek mainstem is formed by the confluence of Bear Gulch Creek and West Union Creek near the intersection of Kings Mountain Road and Highway 84 in Woodside, California. The candelabra pattern of the numerous creeks and gulches that culminate in Bear Creek formed due to the motion of the San Andreas fault.[12] West Union Creek originates in the Phleger Estate, now part of the San Francisco State Fish and Game Refuge. The other Bear Creek tributaries flow through numerous additional public lands including Huddart County Park, Teague Hill Regional Open Space Preserve, and the northern edge of Wunderlich County Park. The Bear Creek watershed drains {{convert|13|sqmi|km2}}.[4] Water diverted from Bear Gulch is stored in a reservoir and provides as much as 50% of Woodside's drinking water in the winter months.[13] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite gnis|218820|Bear Creek}} 2. ^U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. {{cite web |url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |title=The National Map |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66gupqQDM?url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |archivedate=2012-04-05 |df= }}, accessed March 15, 2011 3. ^{{cite gnis|253851|Morena Sierra}} 4. ^1 {{cite report |title=Historical Distribution and Current Status of Steelhead/Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Streams of the San Francisco Estuary, California |author=Robert A. Leidy |author2=Gordon S. Becker |author3=Brett N. Harvey |year=2005 |publisher=Center for Ecosystem Management and Restoration |location=Oakland, California |url=http://www.cemar.org/pdf/sanmateoandsanfrancisco.pdf |accessdate=2015-02-16}} 5. ^{{cite news |title=Salmon's Journey Termed Amazing |date=December 6, 1964 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/12/06/archives/salmons-journey-termed-amazing.html |accessdate=January 12, 2019 }} 6. ^{{cite journal | journal =System 99 Trails | date =Winter 1974–1975 | url =http://www.floyddavissculpture.com/PDF/indomitable-salmon-article.pdf | accessdate =24 April 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 7. ^{{cite book | last =Weaver | first =Helen | title =Indomitable: The only salmon who could - and did | publisher =Friends of the Redwood Library | year =1984 | location = Eureka, California | pages =77 pages | id = ASIN: B000717U5U}} 8. ^{{cite book |title=Historical Names and Places in San Mateo County |author=Roscoe D. Wyatt |year=1947 |page=5 |publisher=San Mateo County Title Company |location=Redwood City, California }} 9. ^{{cite news |title=Sheriff Sale |publisher=San Mateo County Gazette News |date=October 1861 |url=http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sanmateo/history/gazette/smnews44.htm |accessdate=2010-10-25 }} 10. ^{{cite book |title=California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names |author=Erwin G. Gudde |author2=William Bright |publisher=University of California Press |page=30 |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-520-24217-3 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Kqwt5RlMVBoC&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30&dq=gudde+place+names+bear+creek#v=onepage&q=bear%20creek&f=false |accessdate=2010-10-16 }} 11. ^{{cite book |title=A Woodside Reminiscence |author=Grizzly Ryder |author2=Cutler L. Bonestell |publisher=BiblioLife |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-113-31479-6 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=unhYor72mQQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22grizzly+ryder%22#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=2010-10-16 }} 12. ^1 2 {{cite report |title=Adult Steelhead Passage in the Bear Creek Watershed |author=Jerry J. Smith |author2=Deborah R. Harden |publisher=San Francisquito Creek Watershed Council |year=2001 |url=http://www.sanfrancisquito.org/resources/documents/SteelheadPassageRpt.pdf |accessdate=2010-10-16 }} 13. ^1 {{cite web |title=The Creeks that Flow through Woodside |publisher=Bear Creek League of Advocates for the Watershed (Bear CLAW) |url=http://www.woodsidetown.org/PDF/Woodside_creeks_flyer.pdf |accessdate=2010-10-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807063241/http://www.woodsidetown.org/PDF/Woodside_creeks_flyer.pdf |archivedate=2011-08-07 |df= }} 14. ^{{cite news |title=Obstacle for Steelhead Trout Removed in San Mateo County's Huddart Park |author=David G. Holland |date=2008-01-31 |publisher=San Mateo County |url=http://www.co.sanmateo.ca.us/portal/site/SMC/menuitem.a88d6f89ea43ed44e4a0f0e6e17332a0/?vgnextoid=59f4dc0d57b0b210VgnVCM1000001937230aRCRD&vgnextchannel=374d4ceba9273210VgnVCM1000001937230aRCRD&vgnextfmt=DivisionsDetail&cId=49f4dc0d57b0b210VgnVCM1000001937230a____ |accessdate=2010-10-16 }} External links
6 : Rivers of San Mateo County, California|Rivers of Santa Clara County, California|Palo Alto, California|Santa Cruz Mountains|Rivers of Northern California|Tributaries of San Francisco Bay |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。