| 词条 | Benjamin Vulliamy |
| 释义 |
| name = Benjamin Vulliamy | image = Benjamin Vulliamy.jpg | image_size = 160px | caption = From a painting in the Science Museum, London | birth_date = 1747 | birth_place = London, England | death_date = 31 December {{Death year and age|1811|1747}}[1] | death_place = | occupation = Clockmaker | spouse = Mary Gray Vulliamy | parents = | children = Benjamin Lewis Vulliamy }}Benjamin Vulliamy (1747 – 31 December 1811), was a clockmaker responsible for building the Regulator Clock, which, between 1780 and 1884, was the official regulator of time in London.[2] BiographyBenjamin Vulliamy was the son of Justin Vulliamy, a clockmaker of Swiss origin, who moved to London around 1730. Justin became an associate of Benjamin Gray, a watchmaker established in Pall Mall, and married Mary, a daughter of the same, with whom he had Benjamin.[2] Justin succeeded his father-in-law in the charge of the business and from 1780, his son Benjamin entered the society (Vulliamy & Son). Father and son worked together until the death of Justin, on 1 December 1797.[3] From an early age, Vulliamy had shown interest in pursuing his father's career. As an adult, he began to earn a reputation as a builder of mantel clocks, decorative timepieces that adorned the halls of high society (nowadays, some can be found at the Derby Museum and Art Gallery).[4] His talent earned him a Royal Appointment in 1773, through which he came to receive an endowment of £150 a year as George III's King's Clockmaker (there was a similar distinction, Royal Watchmaker, then held by George Lindsay). The king, an enthusiast for watches and mechanical devices, was patron of Justin Vulliamy, but only Benjamin received this significant honour.[5] Around 1780, Vulliamy was commissioned to build the Regulator Clock, the main timekeeper of the King's Observatory Kew, which served as an unofficial Prime Meridian and was responsible for the official London time until 1884, when the Greenwich Royal Observatory assumed both roles.[2] The Regulator Clock is now in the Science Museum in London. In 1780 Benjamin Lewis Vulliamy was born; he was the last Vulliamy to dedicate himself to the family clockmaking business. None of his descendants took up the art of clockmaking, although his son, Lewis, was notable as an architect. The Vulliamy clocksVulliamy clocks were of considerable value and represented the climax of technology at the time. A Vulliamy clock was presented to the Chinese emperor by the diplomatic mission of George Macartney to Beijing in 1793.[6] Vulliamy clocks were combined with fine porcelain figures to create artefacts that combined both science and art. The overall design was made by Vulliamy but he employed prize-winning sculptors such as John Deare[9] to create the figures that were influenced by contemporary French designs. The Vulliamy family used Crown Derby to make the figures from porcelain designs. One of Vulliamy's assistants, Jacques Planche, was a brother of Andrew Planche who had been involved in the early Derby Porcelain business.[7] The Vulliamy business also subcontracted much of the clocks' manufacture to other skilled artisans, and Vulliamy would only oversee and create the final adjustments before sale.[8] Portraits
See also
References1. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Died |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000361/18120106/006/0003 |newspaper=Salisbury and Winchester Journal |location=England |date=6 January 1812 |access-date=20 November 2016 |subscription=yes }} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.arcadiantimes.co.uk/Articles/KewObservatory/Kew_Time.htm|title=Kew Time|editor=Arcadian Times|accessdate=21 May 2011}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.montpellierclocks.com/vulliamylondonno220_57.php|title=Vulliamy, London. No. 220|editor=Montpellier Clocks|accessdate=21 May 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.antique-marks.com/royal-crown-derby-gallery.html|title=The astronomy clock by Benjamin Vullliamy|editor=Antique-Marks|accessdate=21 May 2011}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.derby.gov.uk/LeisureCulture/MuseumsGalleries/CeramicstreasureVulliamyMantleClock.htm|title=Vulliamy Mantle Clock|editor=Derby City Council|year=2009|accessdate=21 May 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091103063459/http://www.derby.gov.uk/LeisureCulture/MuseumsGalleries/CeramicstreasureVulliamyMantleClock.htm|archivedate=3 November 2009|df=dmy-all}} 6. ^William Proudfoot, [https://archive.org/details/biographicalmem00dinwgoog Biographical Memoir of James Dinwiddie: Embracing Some Account of His Travels in China and Residence in India] (Liverpool: Edward Howell, 1868), 45. 7. ^Tessa Murdoch, « La contribution des Huguenots au goût pour la porcelaine et à sa fabrication en Angleterre », dans Sèvres (revue de la Société des Amis du musée national de Céramique), n° 15, 2006, p. 45-46. 8. ^1 Royal Crown Derby Gallery, Antique Marks.com. Retrieved May 2011 External links
8 : 1747 births|1811 deaths|English inventors|People from London|Watchmakers (people)|Scientific instrument makers|Turret clock makers of the United Kingdom|Vulliamy family |
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