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词条 Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation
释义

  1. Solitary wave solution

  2. Hamiltonian structure

  3. Conservation laws

  4. Linear dispersion

  5. Notes

  6. References

The Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation (or BBM equation) – also known as the regularized long-wave equation (RLWE) – is the partial differential equation

This equation was studied in {{harvs | author1-link=Brooke Benjamin | last=Benjamin | author2-link=Jerry L. Bona | last2= Bona | author3-link=John Joseph Mahony | last3= Mahony | year=1972 | txt=yes }} as an improvement of the Korteweg–de Vries equation (KdV equation) for modeling long surface gravity waves of small amplitude – propagating uni-directionally in 1+1 dimensions. They show the stability and uniqueness of solutions to the BBM equation. This contrasts with the KdV equation, which is unstable in its high wavenumber components. Further, while the KdV equation has an infinite number of integrals of motion, the BBM equation only has three.[2][3]

Before, in 1966, this equation was introduced by Peregrine, in the study of undular bores.[4]

A generalized n-dimensional version is given by[5][6]

where is a sufficiently smooth function from to . {{harvtxt|Avrin|Goldstein|1985}} proved global existence of a solution in all dimensions.

Solitary wave solution

{{also|Cnoidal wave}}

The BBM equation possesses solitary wave solutions of the form:[3]

where sech is the hyperbolic secant function and is a phase shift (by an initial horizontal displacement). For , the solitary waves have a positive crest elevation and travel in the positive -direction with velocity These solitary waves are not solitons, i.e. after interaction with other solitary waves, an oscillatory tail is generated and the solitary waves have changed.[1][3]

Hamiltonian structure

The BBM equation has a Hamiltonian structure, as it can be written as:[7]

{{pad|1em}} with Hamiltonian {{pad|1em}} {{pad|1em}} and operator {{pad|1em}}

Here is the variation of the Hamiltonian with respect to and denotes the partial differential operator with respect to

Conservation laws

The BBM equation possesses exactly three independent and non-trivial conservation laws.[3] First is replaced by in the BBM equation, leading to the equivalent equation:

The three conservation laws then are:[3]

Which can easily expressed in terms of by using

Linear dispersion

The linearized version of the BBM equation is:

Periodic progressive wave solutions are of the form:

with the wavenumber and the angular frequency. The dispersion relation of the linearized BBM equation is[2]

Similarly, for the linearized KdV equation the dispersion relation is:[2]

This becomes unbounded and negative for and the same applies to the phase velocity and group velocity Consequently, the KdV equation gives waves travelling in the negative -direction for high wavenumbers (short wavelengths). This is in contrast with its purpose as an approximation for uni-directional waves propagating in the positive -direction.[2]

The strong growth of frequency and phase speed with wavenumber posed problems in the numerical solution of the KdV equation, while the BBM equation does not have these shortcomings.[2]

Notes

1. ^1 {{harvtxt|Bona|Pritchard|Scott|1980}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 {{harvs | author1-link=Brooke Benjamin | last=Benjamin | author2-link=Jerry L. Bona | last2= Bona | author3-link=John Joseph Mahony | last3= Mahony | year=1972 | txt=yes }}
3. ^1 2 3 4 {{harvtxt|Olver|1979}}
4. ^{{harvtxt|Peregrine|1966}}
5. ^{{harvtxt|Goldstein|Wichnoski|1980}}
6. ^{{harvtxt|Avrin|Goldstein|1985}}
7. ^{{Citation| doi = 10.1017/S0305004100057364 | volume = 88 | issue = 1 | pages = 71–88 | last = Olver | first = P.J. | title = On the Hamiltonian structure of evolution equations | journal = Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society | year = 1980 |bibcode = 1980MPCPS..88...71O }}

References

  • {{citation |doi=10.1016/0362-546X(85)90023-9 |mr=0799889 |last=Avrin |first=J. |last2= Goldstein |first2= J.A. |author2-link=Jerome Goldstein |title=Global existence for the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation in arbitrary dimensions |journal=Nonlinear Analysis |volume= 9 |year=1985|issue= 8|pages= 861–865 }}
  • {{citation | title=Model Equations for Long Waves in Nonlinear Dispersive Systems

| first1= T. B. |last1=Benjamin |authorlink1=Brooke Benjamin |first2= J. L.|last2= Bona | authorlink2=Jerry L. Bona | first3=J. J.|last3= Mahony
| journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences | volume= 272 | issue= 1220 | year= 1972 | pages= 47–78
| jstor= 74079|ISSN =0962-8428 | doi=10.1098/rsta.1972.0032 | bibcode=1972RSPTA.272...47B}}
  • {{Citation | doi = 10.1063/1.863011 | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 438–441 | last1 = Bona | first1 = J. L. | authorlink1=Jerry L. Bona | first2 = W. G. | last2 = Pritchard | first3 = L. R. |last3 = Scott | title = Solitary‐wave interaction | journal = Physics of Fluids | year = 1980 |bibcode = 1980PhFl...23..438B }}
  • {{Citation |title = On the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation in higher dimensions |journal = Nonlinear Analysis |volume = 4 | issue = 4 |pages = 665–675 |year = 1980 |doi = 10.1016/0362-546X(80)90067-X |first1=J.A. |last1=Goldstein |author1-link=Jerome Goldstein |first2=B.J. |last2=Wichnoski }}
  • {{citation |last=Olver |first=P. J. |author-link=Peter J. Olver |title=Euler operators and conservation laws of the BBM equation |journal=Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society |year=1979 |volume=85 |pages=143–160 |doi=10.1017/S0305004100055572 |bibcode = 1979MPCPS..85..143O }}
  • {{Citation | doi = 10.1017/S0022112066001678 | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 321–330 | last = Peregrine | first = D.H. | author-link = Howell Peregrine | title = Calculations of the development of an undular bore | journal = Journal of Fluid Mechanics | year = 1966 |bibcode = 1966JFM....25..321P }}
  • {{citation |mr=0977062 |last=Zwillinger |first= D. |title=Handbook of differential equations |publisher= Academic Press |place= Boston, MA |edition=3rd |year= 1998 |ISBN= 978-0-12-784396-4 |pages=174 & 176}} (Warning: On p. 174 Zwillinger misstates the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation, confusing it with the similar KdV equation.)
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2 : Partial differential equations|Equations of fluid dynamics
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