| 词条 | Benzenesulfonic acid |
| 释义 |
| Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 439470812 | Name = Benzenesulfonic acid | Reference = [1] | ImageFileL1 = Benzenesulfonic-acid-2D-skeletal.png | ImageSizeL1 = 145 | ImageAltL1 = Skeletal formula of benzenesulfonic acid | ImageFileR1 = Benzenesulfonic acid molecule ball.png | ImageSizeR1 = 145 | ImageAltR1 = Ball-and-stick model of the benzenesulfonic acid molecule | PIN = Benzenesulfonic acid[2] | OtherNames = Benzene sulphonic acid; Benzenesulphonic acid; Phenylsulfonic acid; Phenylsulphonic acid; Besylic acid[3] |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | Abbreviations = | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 7093 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = 685928Z18A | InChI = 1/C6H6O3S/c7-10(8,9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H,(H,7,8,9) | InChIKey = SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYAJ | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C6H6O3S/c7-10(8,9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H,(H,7,8,9) | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo = 98-11-3 | PubChem = 7371 | SMILES = c1ccc(cc1)S(=O)(=O)O | RTECS = DB4200000 | UNNumber = 2583, 2585, 1803 | EINECS = 202-638-7 | ChEBI = 64455 | ChEMBL = 1422641 }} |Section2={{Chembox Properties | C=6 | H=6 | O=3 | S=1 | Appearance = Colorless crystalline solid | Density = 1.32 g/cm3 (47 °C) | MeltingPt ={{bulleted list|44 °C (hydrate)|51 °C (anhydrous)}} | BoilingPtC = 190 | Solubility = Soluble | SolubleOther = Soluble in alcohol, insoluble in non-polar solvents | Solvent = other solvents | pKa = −2.8[4] }} |Section3={{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards = Corrosive | ExternalSDS = External MSDS | FlashPt = > 113 °C | AutoignitionPt = | GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS07}} | GHSSignalWord = Danger | HPhrases = {{H-phrases|290|302|314|315|319|335}} | PPhrases = {{P-phrases|234|260|261|264|270|271|280|301+312|301+330+331|302+352|303+361+353|304+340|305+351+338|310|312|321|330|332+313|337+313|362|363|390|403+233|404|405|501}} }} |Section8={{Chembox Related | OtherFunction = Sulfanilic acid p-Toluenesulfonic acid | OtherFunction_label = sulfonic acids }} }} Benzenesulfonic acid (conjugate base benzenesulfonate) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C6H6O3S. It is the simplest aromatic sulfonic acid. It forms white deliquescent sheet crystals or a white waxy solid that is soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in benzene and insoluble in nonpolar solvents like diethyl ether. It is often stored in the form of alkali metal salts. Its aqueous solution is strongly acidic. PreparationBenzenesulfonic acid is prepared from the sulfonation of benzene using concentrated sulfuric acid: This conversion illustrates aromatic sulfonation, which has been called "one of the most important reactions in industrial organic chemistry".[5] ReactionsBenzenesulfonic acid exhibits the reactions typical of other aromatic sulfonic acids, forming sulfonamides, sulfonyl chloride, and esters. The sulfonation is reversed above 220 °C. Dehydration with phosphorus pentoxide gives benzenesulfonic acid anhydride ((C6H5SO2)2O). Conversion to the corresponding benzenesulfonyl chloride (C6H5SO2Cl) is effected with phosphorus pentachloride. It is a strong acid, being almost fully dissociated in water. Benzenesulfonic acid and related compounds undergo desulfonation when heated in water near 200 °C. The temperature of desulfonation correlates with the ease of the sulfonation:[5] C6H5SO3H + H2O → C6H6 + H2SO4 Because of that, sulfonic acids are usually used as a protecting group, or as a meta director in electrophilic aromatic substitution. The alkali metal salt of benzenesulfonic acid was once used in the industrial production of phenol. The process, sometimes called alkaline fusion, initially affords the phenoxide salt: C6H5SO3Na + 2 NaOH → C6H5ONa + Na2SO3 C6H5ONa + HCl → C6H5OH + NaCl The process has been largely displaced by the Hock process, which generates less waste. UsesBenzensulfonic acid is commonly used as the active ingredient in laundry detergent used in clothes washing machines.[6] Benzenesulfonic acid is often used to convert to other specialty chemicals. A variety of pharmaceutical drugs are prepared as benzenesulfonate salts and are known as besilates (INN) or besylates (USAN). In a diluted form, it is also used as a polymer remover stripping agent. References1. ^Benzenesulfonic acid {{dead link|date=January 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, Sigma-Aldrich {{DEFAULTSORT:Benzenesulfonic Acid}}2. ^{{cite book | title = Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book) | publisher = The Royal Society of Chemistry | date = 2014 | location = Cambridge | page = 789 | doi = 10.1039/9781849733069-FP001 | isbn = 978-0-85404-182-4}} 3. ^Besylic acid, ChemIndustry 4. ^Guthrie, J. P. Hydrolysis of esters of oxy acids: pKa values for strong acids Can. J. Chem. 1978, 56, 2342-2354. {{DOI|10.1139/v78-385}} 5. ^1 {{Ullmann|authors=Otto Lindner, Lars Rodefeld|title=Benzenesulfonic Acids and Their Derivatives|year=2005|doi=10.1002/14356007.a03_507}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.pg.com/productsafety/msds/fabric_and_homecare/detergents/Tide_Simply_-_updated_02-05-2014.pdf|title=Safety Data Sheet - P & G's Tide Simply|last=|first=|date=2014-02-05|website=pg.com |archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-04-13}} 3 : Benzenesulfonates|Benzenesulfonic acids|Phenyl compounds |
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