“Bernard II van Risamburgh”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

His father, Bernard I van Risamburgh (died 1738), born in Groningen, was already working in Paris in 1696, when he was living in the heart of the furniture-making district, the Faubourg Saint-Antoine, and was marrying a Frenchwoman.^[5] Bernard II's initials BVRB stamped into the carcasses of his furniture, as was the requirement under the regulations of the Paris guild, long masked his actual identity,^[6] though the quality of work bearing the stamp Burb showed that the unidentified maker was in the forefront of his field. Francis J.B. Watson observed that his full last name was a bit long to fit onto the metal maindron that punched the letters into the wood, often under the marble top, rather than, as sometimes suggested, a symptom of enforced anonymity that would redound to the advantage of the marchands-merciers, the decorator-dealers for whom BVRB often worked. He is the Bernard who is occasionally mentioned in Parisian sale catalogues, which fact places him in the rarefied company of ébénistes whose names were familiar to connoisseurs, such as "Boulle", "Cressent", Oeben" and "Riesener", the only other cabinetmakers ever mentioned by name.^[7]

Bernard was already received as a master in the guild by the time the sequence of surviving books begins in 1735, and he was already working for the marchands-merciers, for his stamp appears on a commode veneered with lacquer panels that was delivered by the marchand-mercier Hébert for the use of Marie Lesczinska at Fontainebleau in 1737, and the trade card of Simon-Philippe Poirier, perhaps the best-known of the marchands-merciers, is sometimes found affixed to furniture stamped BVRB. Furniture that once belonged to Mme de Pompadour also bears his stamp^[9] and can even be recognized in her portraits.^[10]

Watson credited Bernard with the introduction of marquetry of trails of leaves and flowers in end-cut quartered veneers, often of purplewood,^[11] sometimes highlighted with stained horn and ivory set in plain matched panels of veneers of tulipwood.^[12] The lacquer panels on many pieces of Bernard's output, such as the commode and two pairs of corner cabinets in the Royal Collection^[13] or the commode stamped BVRB at the Victoria and Albert Museum (illustration), or the uncharacteristically box-like pair of low cabinets in the goût grec in the Frick Collection, New York^[14] will have been supplied to him by the marchand-mercier who commissioned such pieces, for expensive Japanese lacquer cabinets and screens, to be disassembled and incorporated in the furniture, were out of the reach of a craftsman acting on his own. Their market, too, was at the point of entry, Amsterdam, as trade with Japan was firmly in the hands of the Dutch VOC Opperhoofden. An even more luxurious finish, employing Sèvres porcelain plaques, was invented by Poirier, apparently, for he maintained a monopoly of the factory's production of these;, and Bernard was the first cabinetmaker to apply them to furniture: the earliest piece bearing porcelain plaques bears plaques of Vincennes porcelain, before the manufactory was taken under official royal patronage.

Royal château marks and inventory numbers painted on many of his surviving works, related to corresponding entries in the daybooks of the Garde-Meuble du Roi, attest to his role in supplying ébénisterie to the Crown over more than two decades, often through intermediaries such as Thomas-Joachim Hébert and Lazare Duvaux; he also provided furniture for the marchand-mercier Charles Darnault.^[15]

Bernard removed from his late father's workshops in the Grande Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine to the rue Saint-Nicolas by 1752; by 1765 he was living in rue Charenton.^[16] In ill health, he retired in 1764, selling his workshop to his eldest son, Bernard III, on 18 October— it was reduced to three workbenches— and died soon thereafter. Bernard III van Risamburgh continued his workshop, but without success; he was recorded as a modeller in plaster at the time of his death, in 1799/1800. Since Bernard II's gilt-bronze furniture mounts are of distinctive designs, not ordinarily seen on furniture by other ébénistes, it is often speculated what role the younger Van Risamburgh, never admitted to the guild of menuisiers-ébénistes,^[17] played in their production.^[18]

Examples of Bernard II Van Risamburgh's work can be found in all the major museums. In the United States, the major assemblages of his output are the Wrightsman collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the J. Paul Getty Museum.^[19]

Notes

1. ^And variously spelled in documents.
2. ^Francis J.B. Watson, The Wrightsman Collection: II, 1966:560f.
3. ^"His standards of craftsmanship were remarkably high, and he had an extremely elegant sense of design; he was one of the great masters of the fully developed Louis XV style." (Watson 1966:560f); "without doubt one of the four or five great geniuses working in his field during the eighteenth century" (Theodore Dell, The Frick Collection. V. Furniture, 1992:294).
4. ^Dell 1992:294.
5. ^Research by Jean Baroli, reported in Francis J. B. Watson, "Furniture by Bernard II van Risamburgh in the Royal Collection", Burlington Magazine 104 (August 1962), pp 340–344; the best-known piece of furniture attributed to the elder van Risamburgh is the bureau plat made for the Elector of Bavaria about 1715 (Musée du Louvre).
6. ^First revealed by Jean Baroli, "Le mysterieux BVRB enfin identifié", Connaissance des arts (March 1957:56-63).
7. ^Watson 1962:342 notes the appearance of Bernard in the sale catalogue, for instance, of the collector Blondel de Gagny in 1776.
8. ^V&A Museum no. 1094-1882
9. ^Watson 1962:342 and note 5 remarks Pierre Verlet's description of a bidet and a night table, in Mobilier Royal Français, vol. II (1955:59-60).
10. ^{{cite news|title=Lavish 250-year-old desk where King of France's mistress Madame de Pompadour penned her love letters goes under the hammer|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2241046/Desk-Madame-Pompadour-wrote-love-letters-King-France-make-millions-auction.html|work=Daily Mail|date=30 November 2012}}
11. ^Purplewood is the heartwood of a large tropical tree, of the genus Peltogyne, native to parts of South America and the West Indies.
12. ^Watson 1966:561; a slant-top desk, made in 1745-49, attributed to Bernard Van Risamburgh, Metropolitan Museum of Art, acc. no. 2007.90.7: another slant-top lady's desk, National Gallery of Art, Washington; a table from the Charles B. Wrightsman collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
13. ^Described by Watson
14. ^Dell 1992:295-313 suggests the possibility that they are the two unifinished carcases for commodes in the "Antique" manner (deux batis de commodea à l'Antique) mentioned in the 1764 inventory.
15. ^Dell 1992:294.
16. ^Dell 1992.
17. ^Dell 1992:294
18. ^Watson 1966:561.
19. ^J. Paul Getty Museum: furniture by Bernard van Risenburgh, c1735-40

Notes

Further reading