| 词条 | Bernhardt Holtermann |
| 释义 |
| name = Bernhardt Otto Holtermann | image = Bernhard otto holterman with 630lb gold from Hill End.jpg | caption = Holtermann and the gold specimen from Hill End | birth_date = 29 April 1838 | birth_place = Hamburg, Germany | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1885|04|29|1838|04|29}} | death_place = St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia | resting_place = St Thomas's Cemetery | resting_place_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = Germany and New South Wales | occupation = gold miner, businessman, and politician | spouse = Harriet Emmett | children = (unnamed male) Holterman (1869–?), Harriet Esther Holtermann (1873–1901), Bernard Edward Henry John Holtermann (1875–1875), Burlington Otto Holtermann (1876–1897), Sydney Hermann O. Holtermann (1879–1956), St Leonard Leichardt Ratchford Holterman (1882–1950) | relatives = Hugo Louis Beyers (husband of sister-in-law and business partner) }}Bernhardt Otto Holtermann (29 April 1838 – 29 April 1885[1][1]) was a successful gold miner, businessman, and politician in Australia. Perhaps his greatest claim to fame is his association with the Holtermann Nugget, the largest gold specimen ever found, {{convert|59|inch|m}} long, weighing {{convert|630|lb}}, in Hill End, near Bathurst,[2] and with an estimated gold content of {{convert|3000|ozt|kg}}.[4] Early lifeHoltermann was born in Hamburg, Germany. He emigrated in 1858 to avoid Prussian military service.[2][3] He departed Liverpool aboard the ship Salem and reached Melbourne in August after a journey lasting 101 days.[4] MiningAfter working at a variety of jobs, he teamed up with Ludwig Hugo 'Louis' Beyers. They began prospecting around Hill End, New South Wales. Years of unrewarding labour followed. On 22 February 1868, Holtermann married Harriett Emmett, while Beyers married her sister Mary. In 1871, the Star of Hope Gold Mining Company, in which he and Beyers were among the partners, struck rich veins of gold. On 19 October 1872, the Holtermann Nugget was discovered. Not strictly speaking a nugget, it was a gold specimen, a mass of gold embedded in rock, in this case quartz.[5] Holtermann attempted to buy the {{convert|3000|ozt|kg|abbr=off}} specimen from the company, offering ₤1000 over its estimated value of ₤12,000[6][7] (about AU$1.9 million in 2016 currency, AU$4.8 million on the 2017 gold price), but was turned down, and it was sent away to have the gold extracted.[4] Disheartened, he resigned from the company in February 1873.[4] When the Hill End Borough Council was constituted on 6 August 1873, Holtermann was elected as an Alderman of the first council.[8] Later lifeHe built a large mansion, "The Towers" in North Sydney, complete with a stained glass window depicting himself and the specimen. Located at a panoramic location near Blue and William streets, he resided there until his death in 1885 and its site is now the Sydney Church of England Grammar School.[9] He invested wisely and kept his wealth, allowing him to take up his true passion of photography.[10] Holtermann was also interested in patent medicine. He was proud of having cured fellow passengers on his 1858 sea voyage to Australia.[11] After he retired from mining, he wrote papers and devised formulae for medicines, and promoted and sold "Holtermann's Life Preserving Drops".[1][11] In 1882, on his third try, Holtermann was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for St Leonards, which he served until his death.[12] He died in Sydney, Australia on his birthday, 29 April 1885, of "cancer of the stomach, cirrhosis of the liver and dropsy",[11] leaving a wife, three sons, and two daughters.[2] PhotographyHoltermann financed and possibly participated in Beaufoy Merlin's project to photograph New South Wales and exhibit the results abroad to encourage immigration. The work was taken up after Merlin's death in 1873 by his assistant, Charles Bayliss. In 1875, Holtermann and Bayliss produced the Holtermann panorama, a series of "23 albumen silver photographs which join together to form a continuous 978-centimetre view of Sydney Harbour and its suburbs."[13] Some of the photographs, including the panorama, were displayed at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, where they won a bronze medal.[13] The panorama was also displayed at the 1878 Exposition Universelle Internationale in Paris.[13] Almost seventy years after Holtermann's death, more than 3,000 of the glass negatives created by Merlin and Bayliss were retrieved from a garden shed in the Sydney suburb of Chatswood. The UNESCO-listed collection of negatives, known as The Holtermann Collection, is housed in the State Library of New South Wales[14] and presented in Gulgong Holtermann Museum. References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.eoas.info/biogs/P002394b.htm |title=Holtermann, Bernhardt Otto (1838 - 1885) |publisher=Encyclopedia of Australian Science |accessdate=2 June 2012}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{Australian Dictionary of Biography |last=Burke |first=Keast |year=1972 |volume=4 |id2=holtermann-bernhardt-otto-3787 |title=Holtermann, Bernhardt Otto (1838–1885) |accessdate=13 April 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.goethe.de/ins/au/lp/kul/mag/far/zur/en1824424.htm |title=Bernhardt Otto Holtermann |publisher=Goethe-Institut Australien |accessdate=18 January 2010}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://cabinetmagazine.org/issues/30/holtermann.php |title=The Holtermann Gold |author=Carl Fredrik Holtermann |publisher=Cabinet Magazine |date=Summer 2008 |accessdate=2 June 2012}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.the-metal-detective.com/gold-nuggets.html |title=Famous Gold Nuggets: The Beyers and Holtermann Nugget |accessdate=18 January 2010 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422204415/http://www.the-metal-detective.com/gold-nuggets.html |archivedate=22 April 2009 |df=dmy }} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Death of Mr. Henry King|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/157920668|accessdate=25 August 2016|work=National Advocate|date=18 March 1915|location=Bathurst, NSW|page=3}} 7. ^{{cite news|title=Gold Mining Statistics |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/87969774|accessdate=25 August 2016|work=Bendigo Advertiser|date=24 May 1871|page=3}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=2460: Hill End Borough Council|url=https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/agency/2460|website=Record Agency|publisher=NSW State Archives & Records|accessdate=8 December 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=‘THE TOWERS’ NEAR BLUE AND WILLIAM STREET, NORTH SYDNEY (DEMOLISHED)|url=http://www.athomeinnorthsydney.com.au/the-towers.html|website=At Home in North Sydney|publisher=North Sydney Council|accessdate=8 December 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/germans |title=Famous Germans in Sydney |publisher=Dictionary of Sydney |accessdate=18 January 2010}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/discover_collections/society_art/photography/holtermann/01_hillend/index.html |title=Hill End Dispensary, 1872 |publisher=State Library of New South Wales |accessdate=2 June 2012}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Mr Bernard Otto HOLTERMANN (1838 - 1885)|url=https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/members/Pages/member-details.aspx?pk=730|website=Former Members|publisher=Parliament of NSW|accessdate=8 December 2017}} 13. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://nga.gov.au/Exhibition/PICTUREPARADISE/pdf/Holtermann.pdf |title=Holtermann panorama |publisher=National Gallery of Australia |accessdate=18 January 2010}} 14. ^{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=Winter 2011|title=Holtermann Collection now digitised|url=https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/sl_magazine_winter11_lr.pdf|journal=SL Magazine|volume=Vol 4 No 2|pages=30|via=}} External links
7 : 1838 births|1885 deaths|Australian gold prospectors|German emigrants to Australia|Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly|People from Hamburg|19th-century Australian politicians |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。