“Berwick Area School District”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Berwick Area School District is a midsized, rural, public school district. Berwick Area School District encompasses approximately {{convert|101|sqmi|km2}}, spanning portions of two central Pennsylvania counties. In Columbia County it covers the Boroughs of Berwick and Briar Creek and Briar Creek Township. In Luzerne County it covers the Borough of Nescopeck and Hollenback Township, Nescopeck Township and Salem Township. According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 22,622. By 2010, the District's population had declined to 22,332 people.^[16] The educational attainment levels for the School District population (25 years old and over) were 82.1% high school graduates and 13.7% college graduates.^[17] The District is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.

According to the Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center, 49.8% of the Berwick Area School District's pupils lived at 185% or below the Federal Poverty level as shown by their eligibility for the federal free or reduced price school meal programs in 2012.^[18] The per capita income of residents was $16,041 in 2009, while the median family income was $37,684 a year.^[19] In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the median family income was $49,501,^[20] while the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010.^[21] In Columbia County, the median household income was $42,788.^[22] By 2013, the median household income in the United States rose to $52,100.^[23]

According to District officials, in school year 2007-08, Berwick Area School District provided basic educational services to 3,176 pupils. It employed: 257 teachers, 300 full-time and part-time support personnel, and 16 administrators.Per Berwick Area School District officials, the District provided basic educational services to 3,514 pupils in 2009-10. It employed: 252 teachers, 317 full-time and part-time support personnel, and increased to 17 administrators. Berwick Area School District received $19.7 million in state funding in the 2009-10 school year. Enrollment in the District declined to 3,075 in 2011-12. It employed: 240 teachers, 282 full-time and part-time support personnel, and 15 administrators. The District received $22.6 million in state funding in the 2011-12 school year.

Berwick Area School District operates six schools: Berwick Area Senior High School, Berwick Middle School, Salem Elementary School, Orange Street Elementary School, 14th Street Elementary School and Nescopeck Elementary School. High school students may choose to attend Columbia-Montour Area Vocational-Technical School for training in the construction and mechanical trades. The Central Susquehanna Intermediate Unit IU16 provides the District with a wide variety of services like specialized education for disabled students and hearing, speech and visual disability services and professional development for staff and faculty.

In October 2015, Pennsylvania Auditor General Eugene DePasquale reported that one school in the District was among the 561 academically challenged schools that have been overlooked by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Orange Street Elementary School was on the list.^[24]^[25] He also reported the Pennsylvania Department of Education failed to take any action to remediate the poorly performing schools to raise student academic achievement or to provide them with targeted professional assistance.^[26]

Governance

Berwick Area School District is governed by 9 individually elected board members (serve four-year terms), the Pennsylvania State Board of Education, the Pennsylvania Department of Education and the Pennsylvania General Assembly.^[27] The federal government controls programs it funds like Title I funding for low-income children in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the No Child Left Behind Act (renamed Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) in December 2015) which mandates the district focus its resources on student success in acquiring reading and math skills.^[28] The school board is required by state law to post a financial report on the district in its website by March of each school year.^[29]

The Superintendent and Business Manager are appointed by the school board. The Superintendent is the chief administrative officer with overall responsibility for all aspects of operations, including education and finance. The Business Manager is responsible for budget and financial operations. Neither of these officials are voting members of the School Board. The School Board enters into individual employment contracts for these positions. In Pennsylvania, public school districts are required to give 150 days notice to the Superintendent regarding renewal of the employment contract. By state law, the Berwick Area School Board enters into individual employment contracts for these positions. These contracts must be in writing and are subject to public disclosure under the state's Right to Know Act. In Pennsylvania, public school districts are required to give 150 days notice to the Superintendent and Business Manager regarding renewal of their employment contracts.^[30] Pursuant to Act 141 of 2012 which amended the Pennsylvania School Code, all school districts that have hired superintendents on/after the fall of 2012 are required to develop objective performance standards and post them on the district's website.^[31]

The Commonwealth Foundation for Public Policy Alternatives Sunshine Review gave the school board and district administration a "D-" for transparency based on a review of "What information can people find on their school district's website". It examined the school district's website for information regarding; taxes, the current budget, meetings, school board members names and terms, contracts, audits, public records information and more.^[32]

Academic achievement

In 2016, Berwick Area School District ranked 264th out of 493 Pennsylvania public school districts, by the Pittsburgh Business Times.^[33] The ranking is based on the last 3 years of student academic achievement as demonstrated by PSSAs results in: reading, writing, math and science and the three Keystone Exams (literature, Algebra 1, Biology I) in high school.^[34] Three Pennsylvania public school districts were excluded because they do not operate high schools (Saint Clair Area School District, Midland Borough School District, Duquesne City School District). The PSSAs are given to all children in grades 3rd through 8th. Adapted PSSA examinations are given to children in the special education programs. Writing exams were given to children in 5th and 8th grades.

In 2013, the Pittsburgh Business Times reported an Overachievers Ranking for 498 Pennsylvania school districts. Berwick Area ranked 225th.^[41] The paper describes the ranking as: "a ranking answers the question - which school districts do better than expectations based upon economics? This rank takes the Honor Roll rank and adds the percentage of students in the district eligible for free and reduced-price lunch into the formula. A district finishing high on this rank is smashing expectations, and any district above the median point is exceeding expectations."^[42]

In 2009, the academic achievement, of the students in the Berwick Area School District, was in the bottom 31 percentile among all 500 Pennsylvania school districts. Scale (0-99; 100 is state best) ^[43]

In 2016, the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE) released a report identifying one Berwick Area School District school as among the lowest achieving schools for reading and mathematics in the state.^[44] Included on the list was: Berwick Area High School. Five hundred fifty-two (552) public schools were on the list for 2016. The program empowers eligible students, residing within the boundaries of a low-achieving school, to apply for a scholarship to attend another public or nonpublic school. Berwick Area School District and Millville Area School District are the two school district in Columbia County with schools on the lowest achievement list in 2016-17.

In 2015, the (PDE) released a report identifying Berwick Area High School School as among the lowest achieving schools for reading and mathematics in the state.^[45] It remains the only lowest achieving school in Columbia County. One hundred four (104) public school districts had one or more schools on the list.

In April 2014, the Pennsylvania Department of Education released a report identifying one Berwick Area School District school as among the lowest achieving schools for reading and mathematics in the state.^[46] Berwick Area High School was among the 15% lowest achieving schools in the Commonwealth. Students may be eligible for scholarships to transfer to another public or nonpublic school through the state's Opportunity Scholarship Tax Credit Program passed in June 2012.^[47] The scholarships are limited to those students whose family's income is less than $60,000 annually, with another $12,000 allowed per dependent. Maximum scholarship award is $8,500, with special education students receiving up to $15,000 for a year's tuition. Parents pay any difference between the scholarship amount and the receiving school's tuition rate. Students may seek admission to neighboring public school districts. Each year the PDE publishes the tuition rate for each individual public school district.^[48] Fifty-three public schools in Allegheny County are among the lowest-achieving schools in 2011. According to the report, parents in 414 public schools (74 school districts) were offered access to these scholarships. For the 2012-13 school year, nine public school districts in Pennsylvania had all of their schools placed on the list including: Steelton-Highspire School District, Sto-Rox School District, Chester Upland School District, Clairton City School District, Duquesne City School District, Farrell Area School District, Wilkinsburg Borough School District, and William Penn School District.^[49] In 2014, Monessen City School District had all three of its schools added to the list. Funding for the scholarships comes from donations by businesses which receive a state tax credit for donating. In 2014-15, the Berwick Area High School remained on the lowest achievement list. For the 2015-16 school year, Berwick Area High School remained on the state's lowest academic achievement list.

District AYP status history

In 2012, Berwick Area School District declined to Warning Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) status.^[50] No school in the district achieved AYP status. In 2011, Berwick Area School District achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP). In 2011, 94 percent of the 500 Pennsylvania public school districts achieved the No Child Left Behind Act progress level of 72% of students reading on grade level and 67% of students demonstrating on grade level math. In 2011, 46.9 percent of Pennsylvania school districts achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) based on student performance. An additional 37.8 percent of school districts made AYP based on a calculated method called safe harbor, 8.2 percent on the growth model and 0.8 percent on a two-year average performance.^[51]

Graduation rate

High school

Berwick Area High School is located at 1100 Fowler Avenue, Berwick. In 2015, enrollment continued to decline to 767 pupils in 9th through 12th grades, with 40% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 16.8% of pupils received special education services, while 6.78% of pupils were identified as gifted.^[66] The school employed 65 teachers in 2013.^[67] Per the PA Department of Education, the school continued to employ 2% of the teachers who were rated "Non‐Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act.

In 2014, enrollment was reported as 813 pupils in 9th through 12th grades, with 37% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 18% of pupils received special education services, while 7.5% of pupils were identified as gifted. The school employed 73 teachers.^[67] Per the PA Department of Education 98% of the teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act. In 2013, Berwick Area High School has an enrollment of 879 pupils with 39.59% coming from low income families. The school employed 76 teachers. Ninety nine percent (99%) of the teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act.

In 2012, enrollment had declined to 915 pupils with 301 receiving a federal lunch subsidy. Berwick Area High School employed 76 teachers. In 2012, according to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 5 teachers were rated "Non‐Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.^[68] In 2010, the school had 969 students grades 9th through 12th, with 359 students eligible for a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. In 2010, the school employed 75 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13:1.^[69]

Berwick Area High School Keystone Exams mandated testing results were: 77.8% of students were on grade level in reading literature and 74.86% of students demonstrated on grade level in Algebra I. In Biology I, 69% of pupils demonstrated on grade level science understanding at the end of the Biology course.^[70] The requirement that pupils pass the Keystone Exams in reading, Algebra I and BIology I in order to graduate was postponed until 2019 by the Pennsylvania General Assembly because less than 60% of 12 grade pupils statewide would have been eligible for graduation from high school due to failing one or more Keystone Exams.^[71] Fifty-four percent of the 2,676 public schools in Pennsylvania achieved a passing score of 70 or better.^[72]

Berwick Area High School achieved 78.4 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement.

The PDE reported that 78.4% of the Berwick Area High School's students 74% of pupils were on grade level in reading/literature. In Algebra 1, 70% of students showed on grade level skills at the end of the course. In Biology I, 64% demonstrated on grade level science understanding at the end of the course.^[73] Statewide, 53 percent of schools with an eleventh grade achieved an academic score of 70 or better. Five percent of the 2,033 schools with 11th grade were scored at 90 and above; 20 percent were scored between 80 and 89; 28 percent between 70 and 79; 25 percent between 60 and 69 and 22 percent below 60. The Keystone Exam results showed: 73 percent of students statewide scored at grade-level in English, 64 percent in Algebra I and 59 percent in biology.^[74]^[75]

Berwick Area High School achieved a SPP of 79.5 out of 100. In reading/literature - 77% of pupils tested were on grade level. In Algebra 1, only 70% showed on grade level skills at the end of the course. In Biology, 55% demonstrated on grade level science understanding at the end of the course.^[76]^[77] Statewide, the percentage of high school students who scored proficient and advanced in Algebra I increased to 39.7% to 40.1%. The percentage of high school students who scored proficient and advanced in reading/literature declined to 52.5%. The percentage of high school students who scored proficient and advanced in biology improved from 39.7% to 41.4%.^[78]

Berwick Area Senior High School achieved a score of 77.1 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. In reading/literature - 71% were on grade level. In Algebra 1, 56% showed on grade level skills. In Biology, 33.51% showed on grade level science understanding.^[79] According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2,181 public schools (less than 73 percent of Pennsylvania public schools), achieved an academic score of 70 or higher.

Adequate Yearly Progress

In 2012, Berwick Area High School declined further to Corrective Action Level I AYP status due to persistent low academic achievement and a low graduation rate.

Science in Motion Berwick Area Senior High School took advantage of a state program called Science in Motion which brought college professors and sophisticated science equipment to the school to raise science awareness and to provide inquiry-based experiences for the students. The Science in Motion program was funded by a state appropriation and cost the school nothing to participate.^[102] The High School worked with Susquehanna University to provide the experiences.

College Remediation

According to a Pennsylvania Department of Education study released in January 2009, 25% of Berwick Area School District graduates required remediation in mathematics and or reading before they were prepared to take college level courses in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education or community colleges.^[103] Less than 66% of Pennsylvania high school graduates, who enroll in a four-year college in Pennsylvania, will earn a bachelor's degree within six years. Among Pennsylvania high school graduates pursuing an associate degree, only one in three graduate in three years.^[104] Per the Pennsylvania Department of Education, one in three recent high school graduates who attend Pennsylvania's public universities and community colleges takes at least one remedial course in math, reading or English.

Dual enrollment

Berwick Area Senior High School offers a dual enrollment program. This state program permits high school students to take courses, at local higher education institutions, to earn college credits. Students remain enrolled at their high school. The courses count towards high school graduation requirements and towards earning a college degree. Berwick Area School District has a concurrent agreement with King's College, Luzerne County Community College, Bloomsburg University ACE program, Wilkes University and Pennsylvania State University.The students continue to have full access to activities at their high school. The college credits are offered at a deeply discounted rate. The state offers a small grant to assist students in costs for tuition, fees and books.^[105] Under the Pennsylvania Transfer and Articulation Agreement, many Pennsylvania colleges and universities accept these credits for students who transfer to their institutions.^[106] The Pennsylvania College Credit Transfer System reported in 2009, that students saved nearly $35.4 million by having their transferred credits count towards a degree under the new system.^[107] For the 2009-10 funding year, the school district received a state grant of $6,779 for the program.^[108] Non district students, who reside in the district and attend a private nonpublic school, charter school or are homeschooled are eligible to participate in this program. In 2010, Governor Edward G. Rendell terminated the grants as part of the state budget.

In 2014 through 2016, Berwick Area School District did not participate in dual enrollment courses in conjunction with Pennsylvania College of Technology. Penn College NOW classes are taught by approved local high school teachers, at the high school.^[109] Penn College NOW is partially funded by the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Improvement Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-270) through the Pennsylvania Department of Education, by the support of Pennsylvania companies through the Educational Improvement Tax Credit program managed by the Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development and by Pennsylvania College of Technology.

Graduation requirements

Graduation requirements include achieving a minimum of 25 credits and designing a graduation project which is based on the 21st Century Skills and the National Technology Standards. By law, all Pennsylvania secondary school students must complete a project as a part of their eligibility to graduate from high school. The type of project, its rigor and its expectations are set by the individual school district.^[110] The class of 2012 was required to complete a graduation project which includes the creation of an electronic portfolio.^[111] Effective with the graduating class of 2017, the Pennsylvania Board of Education eliminated the state mandate that students complete a culminating project in order to graduate.^[112]

By Pennsylvania School Board regulations, beginning with the class of 2019,^[113] public school students must demonstrate successful completion of secondary level course work in Algebra I, Biology, and English Literature by passing the Keystone Exams.^[114]^[115] For the class of 2019, a composition exam will be added. For the class of 2020, passing a civics and government exam will be added to the graduation requirements.^[116] In 2011, Pennsylvania high school students field tested the Algebra 1, Biology and English Lit exams. The statewide results were: Algebra 1 38% on grade level, Biology 35% on grade level and English Lit - 49% on grade level.^[117] Individual student, school or district reports were not made public, although they were reported to district officials by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Students identified as having special needs and qualifying for an Individual Educational Program (IEP) may graduate by meeting the requirements of their Individual Education Plan (IEP).

AP courses

In 2013, Berwick High School offered 9 Advanced Placement (AP) courses at a higher cost than regular courses. Berwick Area High School requires students to take the AP exam if they take an AP course. The school district pays the fee for the exam which was $89 per test per pupil in 2012. Students have the option of taking College Board approved courses and then taking the College Board's examination in the Spring. Students, who achieve a 3 or better on the exam, may be awarded college credits at US universities and colleges. Each higher education sets its own standards about what level of credits are awarded to a student based on their AP exam score. Most higher education give credits for scores of 4 or 5. Some schools also give credits for scores of 3. High schools give credits towards graduation to students who take the school's AP class. At Berwick Area School District the AP courses are weighted at 1.08 credits.^[118]

In 2011, the Berwick Area School District achieved the College Board's AP District of the Year Award. This honor roll consists of the 388 U.S. public school districts that simultaneously achieved increases in access to AP® courses for a broader number of students and also maintained or improved the rate at which their AP students earned scores of 3 or higher on an AP Exam.^[119]

In 2013, the school offered 9 AP course with just 10% of pupils earning a 3 or better on the AP exam.^[120] In 2014, Berwick Area High School offered 10 AP courses. Just 25% of the pupils who took the associated AP exam, at the end of the course, achieved a 3 or better. In 2015, Berwick Area High School offered 14 AP courses. Fifty-four percent (54%) of the students who took the course, achieved a 3 or better on the AP exam given by the College Board. In 2016, Berwick Area High School offered 13 AP courses. Forty-seven percent (47%) of the students who took the course, achieved a 3 or better on the AP exam given by the College Board.

SAT scores

In 2015, 133 Berwick Area School District students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 494. The Math average score was 506. The Writing average score was 459.^[121] The College Board also reported that statewide 96,826 pupils took the exams with average scores declining in all three measurers to: 495 in reading, 511 in math and 484 in writing.^[122]

In 2014, 130 Berwick Area School District students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 468. The Math average score was 477. The Writing average score was 436.^[123] Statewide in Pennsylvania, Verbal Average Score was 497. The Math average score was 504. The Writing average score was 480. The College Board also reported that nationwide scores were: 497 in reading, 513 in math and 487 in writing.^[124]

In 2013, 135 Berwick Area High School students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 468. The Math average score was 477. The Writing average score was 452. The College Board reported that statewide scores were: 494 in reading, 504 in math and 482 in writing. The nationwide SAT results were the same as in 2012.^[125]

In 2012, 151 Berwick Area School District students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 477. The Math average score was 488. The Writing average score was 462. The statewide Verbal SAT exams results were: Verbal 491, Math 501, Writing 480. In the US, 1.65 million students took the exams achieving scores: Verbal 496, Math 514, Writing 488. According to the College Board the maximum score on each section was 800, and 360 students nationwide scored a perfect 2,400.

In 2010-11, 126 Berwick Area School District students took the SAT exams. The district's Verbal average Score was 470. The Math average score was 478. The Writing average score was 445.^[126] Pennsylvania ranked 40th among state with SAT scores: Verbal - 493, Math - 501, Writing - 479.^[127] In the United States 1.65 million students took the exam in 2011. They averaged 497 (out of 800) verbal, 514 math and 489 fin writing.^[128]

According to data from the Pennsylvania Department of Education compared the SAT data of students in rural areas of Pennsylvania to students in urban areas. From 2003 to 2005, the average total SAT score for students in rural Pennsylvania was 992, while urban students averaged 1,006. During the same period, 28 percent of 11th and 12th graders in rural school districts took the exam, compared to 32 percent of urban students in the same grades. The average math and verbal scores were 495 and 497, respectively, for rural students, while urban test-takers averaged 499 and 507, respectively. Pennsylvania's SAT composite score ranked low on the national scale in 2004. The composite SAT score of 1,003 left Pennsylvania ranking 44 out of the 50 states and Washington, DC.^[129]

ACE

Berwick Area School District students have access to Bloomsburg University's Summer College and Advanced College Experience (ACE) during the summer of their sophomore, junior and senior years (after high school graduation). Tuition is deeply discounted to 75% of the regular rate.^[130] Successful students earn college credits that can be transferred to other Pennsylvania public colleges and universities through the Pennsylvania Transfer and Articulation Agreement (TRAC) system.

Alma mater

The high school Alma Mater was written by Dr. E. A. Glenn in the year 1897. Students and Alumni rise and stand at attention with all hats removed. The Alma Mater is as follows:

Middle school

Berwick Area Middle School is located 1100 Evergreen Drive, Berwick. In 2014, enrollment was 663 pupils, in grades 6th through 8th, with 51% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 20.5% of pupils received special education services, while 4% of pupils were identified as gifted.^[131] According to a 2014 report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.^[132]

In 2010, 795 students were enrolled in grades 6th through 8th with 345 receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the school employed 61 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13:1.^[133] In 2012 the school reported 758 pupils enrolled and 55 teachers were employed by the school.^[134] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.^[135]

The PDE reported that 50% of 8th grade students at Berwick Area Middle School students were on grade level in reading on the PSSAs given in April 2015. In math/Algebra 1, 27% of 8th grade students showed on grade level skills. In science, 54% of the school's 8th graders demonstrated on grade level science understanding. No eighth grade writing scores were reported. In 7th grade, 47% were on grade level in reading, while 34% showed on grade level math skills. Among 6th graders, 58% were on grade level in reading and 45% were on grade level in mathematics.^[136] Statewide 58% of eighth (8th) graders were on grade level in reading, while 29% demonstrated on grade level math skills. Pennsylvania 7th graders were 58% on grade level in reading and 33% demonstrated on grade level math skills. Among sixth (6th) graders, 60.7% were reading on grade level, while 39.7% demonstrated on grade level math skills.^[137]

Berwick Area Middle School achieved 73.9 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. In reading/literature - only 70% of the pupils were on grade level. In Algebra 1/Math, 81% showed on grade level mathematics skills. In Science, just 66% of 8th graders showed on grade level science understanding. In writing, 71% of the 8th grade students demonstrated on grade level writing skills.^[138]

Berwick Area Middle School achieved 81.6 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, writing, mathematics and science achievement. In reading, 70.64% of the students were on grade level. In Mathematics, 81.61% of the students showed on grade level skills. In Science, 58.59% of the 8th graders demonstrated n grade level understanding. In writing, 76.92% of the 8th grade students were on grade level.^[139]

In 2012, Berwick Area Middle School declined back to Warning status due to lagging student academic achievement.^[140]

PSSAs are given in the Spring of each school year. Sixth and seventh grades are tested in reading and mathematics since 2006. Eighth graders are tested in: reading, writing, mathematics and Science. Beginning in the Spring of 2013, eighth graders, who are enrolled in Algebra I take the Keystone Exam for Algebra I at the end of the course. The testing of 8th grade in reading and mathematics began in 1999. Testing in science began in 2007. The goal is for 100% of students to be on grade level or better in reading and mathematics, by the Spring of 2014. The tests focus on the state's Academic Standards for reading, writing, mathematics and science. The standards were first published in 1998 and are mandated by the Pennsylvania State Board of Education.^[84]

In 2013, Berwick Area School District did not implement the free state dropout prevention Early Warning System and Interventions Catalog at the junior high school.^[163] The process identifies students at risk for dropping out by examining the pupil's: attendance, behavior and course grades. Interventions are implemented to assist at-risk pupils to remain in school. The program is funded by federal and private dollars.^[164]

Elementary schools

All four Berwick Area School District elementary schools declined to Warning AYP status in 2012. All four elementary schools in the Berwick Area School District achieved AYP status in 2010 and 2011.^[165] The attendance rate ranged from 94% to 95% in 2010. For the summer of 2011, teachers served as tutors in the elementary summer reading Programs. They were paid at the instructional rate of $21.50 an hour. Summer School Express was for students in grades K to 5th grade, and the Kindergarten readiness program was for preschoolers. Both programs were Funded through T-I stimulus funds and ran from July 11, 2011 through August 11, 2011.

The District has provided full-day kindergarten since 2003.^[166] While proponents of full day kindergarten claim it will reduce special education numbers and it will raise primary student academic achievement, especially in reading and math, those outcomes have not been realized in Berwick Area School District. Reading achievement in particular has significantly declined.^[167]

Each year, in the Spring, in order to comply with the federal No Child Left Behind Law, the 3rd graders take the PSSAs in math and reading. The fourth grade is tested in reading, math and science. The fifth grade is evaluated in reading, mathematics and writing. Pennsylvania System of School Assessments, commonly called PSSAs are No Child Left Behind Act related examinations which were administered beginning 2003 to all Pennsylvania public school students in grades 3rd-8th.^[168] The goal was for 100% of students to be on grade level or better in reading and mathematics, by the Spring of 2014.^[169]^[170]^[171] The tests focused on the state's Academic Standards for reading, writing, mathematics and science. The Science exam is given to 4th grades and includes content in science, technology, ecology and the environmental studies.^[172] The first cohort of children who attended Accountability Block Grant funded full-day kindergarten reached third grade and took the PSSAs in the spring of 2008. While schools in Pennsylvania did achieve 100% on grade level, none in Berwick area School District did.

Salem Elementary School

Salem Elementary School is located at 810 East Tenth Street, Berwick. In 2016, Salem Elementary School's enrollment was 470 pupils in grades kindergarten through 5th, with 62% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced price meals due to family poverty. Additionally, 21% of the pupils receive special education services, while 1% are identified as gifted.^[173] The school provides full day kindergarten to all students for more than five years. The school is a federally designated Title I school.

In 2013, enrollment was 468 pupils in grades kindergarten through 5th grades. Fifty three percent of the pupils were from low income homes. In 2010, enrollment was 434 students grades kindergarten through 5th grade, with 218 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. Salem Elementary School employed 33 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13:1.^[174]

Salem Elementary School PSSA mandated testing results were: 68% of students in 5th grade were on grade level in reading, while 77% of students demonstrated on grade level mathematics skills. In 4th grade, 52% were on grade level in reading, while 59% demonstrated on grade level math skills. In science, 83% of fourth grade pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding of science concepts in the state standards. Among the school's third graders, 67% were on grade level in reading and 72% showed on grade level mathematics skills.^[175]^[176] In the Commonwealth, just 60% of third graders were reading on grade level. Among Pennsylvania 4th graders 58% were reading on grade level and

According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 68% of 5th grade students at Salem Elementary School were on grade level in reading on the PSSAs given in April 2015. In mathematics, 75% of 5th grade students showed on grade level skills. No fifth grade writing scores were reported. In 4th grade, 59% were on grade level in reading, while 72% showed on grade level math skills. In science, 90% of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding. Among third (3rd) graders, 76% were on grade level in reading and 69% were on grade level in mathematics.^[136] Statewide 61.9% of fifth (5th) graders were on grade level in reading, while 42.8% demonstrated on grade level math skills. Pennsylvania 4th graders were 58.6% on grade level in reading and 44.4% demonstrated on grade level math skills. In science, 77.3% of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding. Among Pennsylvania third (3rd) graders, 62% were reading on grade level, while 48.5% demonstrated on grade level math skills.^[137]

Salem Elementary School achieved a score of 84.5 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2013-14, only 74% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 77% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 88% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, just 85% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing only 77% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[178]

Salem Elementary School achieved a score of 80.1 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 70% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 75% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 88% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, 84.5% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing only 46% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[179]

In 2012, Salem Elementary School declined to Warning Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) status due to lagging student achievement. In 2011, 2010 and 2009, Salem Elementary achieved AYP status, despite declining reading achievement.^[180] In 2008, the School declined to Warning AYP status due to lagging reading and math achievement.

In 2012, just 69% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were reading on grade level. In Math, 86% of students in 3rd through 5th grade were on grade level, with 55% scoring advanced. In 2012, 77% of 4th graders were on grade level in science.

In 2011, 79% of students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in reading. In mathematics, 92% of 3rd through 5th graders were on grade level. Fourth graders were tested in science - 90% were on grade level with 51% scoring advanced.^[181]

In 2010, 77% of the students grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in reading. In Mathematics, 88% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level. In science 72% were on grade level with 29% scoring advanced.^[182]

Orange Street Elementary School

Orange Street Elementary School is located at 845 Orange Street, Berwick. In 2016, the School's enrollment was 467 pupils in grades kindergarten through 5th, with 79% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced price meals due to family poverty. Additionally, 16% of the pupils receive special education services, while 1.5% are identified as gifted.^[183] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides full day kindergarten.^[184] The school is a federally designated Title I school.

In 2013, enrollment was 456 students grades kindergarten through 5th grade, with 71% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school provides full day kindergarten to all pupils. In 2010, enrollment was 390 students grades kindergarten through 5th grade, with 237 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 29 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13:1.^[185]

Orange Street Elementary School PSSA mandated testing results were: 60% of students in 5th grade were on grade level in reading, while just 48% of students demonstrated on grade level mathematics skills. In 4th grade, only 54% were on grade level in reading, while 44% demonstrated on grade level math skills. In science, 85% of fourth grade pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding of science concepts in the state standards. Among the school's third graders, 60% were on grade level in reading and 63% showed on grade level mathematics skills.^[175]^[186]

According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 53% of 5th grade students at Orange Street Elementary School were on grade level in reading on the PSSAs given in April 2015. In mathematics, 49% of 5th grade students showed on grade level skills. No fifth grade writing scores were reported. In 4th grade, 55% were on grade level in reading, while 54% showed on grade level math skills. In science, 83% of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding. Among third (3rd) graders, 52% were on grade level in reading and 59% were on grade level in mathematics.^[136]

Orange Elementary School achieved a score of 65.3 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2013-14, only 57% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 72% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 73.8% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, just 71% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, only 44.5% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[187]

Orange Street Elementary School achieved a score of 69.1 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 51.5% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 58% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 79% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, just 72.97% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing only 49% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[188]

In 2012, Orange Street Elementary School declined to Warning Adequate Yearly Progress status due to lagging academic achievement. The School missed all reading metrics.^[189] From 2003 to 2011, Orange Street Elementary achieved AYP status each year, in spite of sharply declining reading achievement.^[190]

In 2012, just 57% of students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in reading. In mathematics, only 79% of 3rd through 5th graders were on grade level. Fourth graders were tested in science - 76% were on grade level with a decline to 30% scoring advanced.^[191]

In 2011, 80% of students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in reading. In mathematics, 93% of 3rd through 5th graders were on grade level. Fourth graders were tested in science - 85% were on grade level with 55% scoring advanced.^[192]

Nescopeck Elementary School

Nescopeck Elementary School is located in 315 Dewey Street, Nescopeck. In 2016, the School's enrollment was 230 pupils in grades preschool through 5th, with 48.7% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced price meals due to family poverty. Additionally, 21% of the pupils receive special education services, while 3% are identified as gifted.^[194] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provided full day kindergarten.^[184] The school is a federally designated Title I school. In 2015, Nescopeck ES enrollment declined precipitously to 227 pupils in grades Kindergarten to fifth, with 42% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced price meals due to family poverty.^[195] The school provided full day kindergarten. The school was a federally designated Title I school.

In 2014, Nescopeck Elementary School's enrollment was 283 pupils in grades kindergarten through 5th, with 39% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced price meals due to family poverty. Additionally, 19% of the pupils receive special education services, while 2% are identified as gifted.^[196] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provided full day kindergarten.^[197] The school is a federally designated Title I school.

In 2010, enrollment was 257 students grades kindergarten through 5th grade, with 87 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 20 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13:1.^[198] The school provided full day kindergarten to all pupils.

Nescopeck Elementary School PSSA mandated testing results were: 65% of students in 5th grade were on grade level in reading, while 75% of students demonstrated on grade level mathematics skills. In 4th grade, 60% were on grade level in reading, while 62% demonstrated on grade level math skills. In science, 85% of fourth grade pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding of science concepts in the state standards. Among the school's third graders, 80% were on grade level in reading and 72% showed on grade level mathematics skills.^[175]

According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 77.5% of 5th grade students at Nescopeck Elementary School were on grade level in reading on the PSSAs given in April 2015. In mathematics, 72.5% of 5th grade students showed on grade level skills. No fifth grade writing scores were reported. In 4th grade, 52% were on grade level in reading, while 55% showed on grade level math skills. In science, 89% of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding. Among third (3rd) graders, 62.5% were on grade level in reading and 67.5% were on grade level in mathematics.^[136]

Nescopeck Elementary School achieved a score of 81.6 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2013-14, only 68% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 75% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 78% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, 87.8% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, only 62% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[199]

Nescopeck Elementary School achieved a score of 80.1 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 69% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 75.67% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 87.97% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, just 78.95% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, only 73.68% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[200]

In 2012, Nescopeck Elementary School declined to Warning AYP status due to lagging student achievement. In 2010 and 2011, the Nescopeck Elementary School achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) status.^[201]

In 2012, 77% of students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in reading. In mathematics, 88% of pupils were on grade level with 58% achieving advanced. In 4th grade science, 81% were on grade level, with 35% achieving advanced.

In 2011, 89% of students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in reading. Mathematics, 89% of 3rd through 5th graders demonstrated on grade level math skills. Fourth graders were tested in science -2012 - 81% on grade level, with 35% advanced. 2011 - 93% were on grade level with 20% scoring advanced.^[202]

In 2010, 86% of the students grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 97% of the students in grades 3-5 were on grade level with 77% achieving advanced skills. In 4th grade science, 72% were on grade level with 29% scoring advanced.^[203]

14th Street Elementary School

Fourteenth Street Elementary School is located at 1401 North Market Street, Berwick. In 2016, the School's enrollment declined to 229 pupils in grades preschool through 5th, with 58% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced price meals due to family poverty. Additionally, 12.6% of the pupils receive special education services, while less than 1% are identified as gifted.^[208] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides full day kindergarten.^[209] The school is a federally designated Title I school. In 2015, enrollment was 252 students in grades kindergarten through 5th grade.^[210]

In 2013, enrollment was 248 students in grades kindergarten through 5th grade, with 49% of its pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school provides full day kindergarten to all its pupils. In 2010, enrollment was 239 students grades kindergarten through 5th grade, with 115 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 18 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13:1.^[211]

Fourteenth Street Elementary School PSSA mandated testing results were: 65% of students in 5th grade were on grade level in reading, while 61% of students demonstrated on grade level mathematics skills. In 4th grade, 63% were on grade level in reading, while just 55% demonstrated on grade level math skills. In science, 89% of fourth grade pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding of science concepts in the state standards. Among the school's third graders, 78% were on grade level in reading and 78% showed on grade level mathematics skills.^[175]

According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 62% of 5th grade students at Fourteenth Street Elementary School were on grade level in reading on the PSSAs given in April 2015. In mathematics, 50% of 5th grade students showed on grade level skills. No fifth grade writing scores were reported. In 4th grade, 64% were on grade level in reading, while 64% showed on grade level math skills. In science, 75% of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding. Among third (3rd) graders, 64% were on grade level in reading and 59% were on grade level in mathematics.^[136]

Fourteenth Street Elementary School achieved a score of 79.7 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2013-14, only 69% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 77% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 86% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, just 82% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, only 77% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[212]

Fourteenth Street Elementary School achieved a score of 74.9 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 68% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 76.9% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 84.87% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, just 82.5% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, only 53.85% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[213]

In 2012, Fourteenth Street Elementary School declined to Warning Adequate Yearly Progress. In 2010 and 2011, 14th Street Elementary School achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) status.^[214] From 2003 to 2009, Fourteenth Street ES achieved AYP status each school year.

In 2012, only 76% of students in graders third through fifth were reading on grade level. In mathematics, 85% of pupils in grades (3rd-5th) demonstrated on grade level mathematics skills. Science - 83% of fourth graders were on grade level in science in 2012 with 23% scoring advanced.

In 2011, 84% of students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in reading. In mathematics, 96% of 3rd through 5th graders were on grade level. In 2011, 100% of fourth graders were on grade level with 45% scoring advanced.^[215]^[216]

In 2010, 74% of the students grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 97% of the students in grades 3-5 were on grade level with 77% achieving advanced skills. In 4th grade science, 85% were on grade level with 51% scoring advanced.^[217]

Wellness policy

Berwick Area School Board established a district wellness policy in 2006 - Policy 246.^[218] The policy deals with nutritious meals served at school, the control of access to some foods and beverages during school hours, age appropriate nutrition education for all students, and physical education for students K-12. The policy is in response to state mandates and federal legislation (P.L. 108 - 265). The law dictates that each school district participating in a program authorized by the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq) or the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq) "shall establish a local school wellness policy by School Year 2006."

The legislation placed the responsibility of developing a wellness policy at the local level so the individual needs of each district can be addressed. According to the requirements for the Local Wellness Policy, school districts must set goals for nutrition education, physical activity, campus food provision, and other school-based activities designed to promote student wellness. Additionally, districts were required to involve a broad group of individuals in policy development and to have a plan for measuring policy implementation. Districts were offered a choice of levels of implementation for limiting or prohibiting low nutrition foods on the school campus. In final implementation these regulations prohibit some foods and beverages on the school campus.^[219] The Pennsylvania Department of Education required the district to submit a copy of the policy for approval.

The District offers both a free school breakfast and a free or reduced-price lunch to children in low income families. All students attending the school can eat breakfast and lunch. Children from families with incomes at or below 130 percent of the federal poverty level are provided a breakfast and lunch at no cost to the family. Children from families with incomes between 130 and 185 percent of the federal poverty level can be charged no more than 30 cents per breakfast. A foster child whose care and placement is the responsibility of the State or who is placed by a court with a caretaker household is eligible for both a free breakfast and a free lunch. Runaway, homeless and Migrant Youth are also automatically eligible for free meals.^[220] The meals are partially funded with federal dollars through the United States Department of Agriculture.^[221]

In 2013, the USDA issued new restrictions to foods in public schools. The rules apply to foods and beverages sold on all public school district campuses during the day. They limit vending machine snacks to a maximum of 200 calories per item. Additionally, all snack foods sold at school must meet competitive nutrient standards, meaning they must have fruits, vegetables, dairy or protein in them or contain at least 10 percent of the daily value of fiber, calcium, potassium, and Vitamin D.^[222] In order to comply with the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 all US public school districts are required to raise the price of their school lunches to $2.60 regardless of the actual cost of providing the lunch.^[223] In 2014, President Obama ordered a prohibition of advertisements for unhealthy foods on public school campuses during the school day.^[224]

Berwick Area School District provides health services as mandated by the Commonwealth and the federal government. Nurses are available in each building to conduct annual health screenings (data reported to the PDE and state Department of Health) and to dispense prescribed medications to students during the school day. Students can be excluded from school unless they comply with all the State Department of Health's extensive immunization mandates. School nurses monitor each pupil for this compliance.^[225] Nurses also monitor each child's weight. Beginning with the 2017-18 school year, high school students are mandated to receive a dose of MCV meningococcal conjugate vaccine for 12th grade entry. Nurses also monitor each child's weight.^[226] Nurses also monitor each child's weight.^[227]

In 2016, the Pennsylvania Department of Health distributed to each Pennsylvania high school the overdose antidote drug naloxone in a nasal spray. School nurses were also provided with educational materials and training developed by the National Association of School Nurses.^[228] The cost was covered by a grant from a private foundation.^[229]

Highmark Healthy High 5 grant

In 2011, the Berwick Area School District received funding through a Highmark Healthy High 5 grant. Berwick Area High School received $9,268 which was used to purchase equipment for its Get Fit Don't Quit program. Orange Street Elementary School also received a grant for $6,290 for a dance recess program.^[230] Beginning in 2006, Highmark Foundation engaged in a 5-year, $100 million program to promote lifelong healthy behaviors in children and adolescents through local nonprofits and schools.

Bullying policy and school safety

Berwick Area School District administration reported there were zero incidents of bullying in the District in 2012. Additionally, there was one bomb threat and no sexual incidents involving students. The local law enforcement was involved in sixteen incidents at the schools with one arrest.^[231]

In 2009, the administrative reported there were 3 incidents of bullying in the district.^[232]^[233]

The Berwick Area School Board prohibits bullying by district students and faculty. The policy defines bullying and cyberbullying.^[234] The Board directs that complaints of bullying shall be investigated promptly, and corrective action shall be taken when allegations are verified. No reprisals or retaliation shall occur as a result of good faith reports of bullying. The board expects staff members to be responsible to maintain an educational environment free from all forms of bullying. All Pennsylvania schools are required to have an anti-bullying policy incorporated into their Code of Student Conduct. The policy must identify disciplinary actions for bullying and designate a school staff person to receive complaints of bullying. The policy must be available on the school's website and posted in every classroom. All Pennsylvania public schools must provide a copy of its anti-bullying policy to the Office for Safe Schools every year, and shall review their policy every three years. Additionally, the district must conduct an annual review of that policy with students.^[235] The Center for Schools and Communities works in partnership with the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime & Delinquency and the Pennsylvania Department of Education to assist schools and communities as they research, select and implement bullying prevention programs and initiatives.^[236]

Education standards relating to student safety and antiharassment programs are described in the 10.3. Safety and Injury Prevention in the Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Health, Safety and Physical Education.^[237]

School Resource Officer and Police Officer grant

In 2014, Pennsylvania began a grant program providing funding for programs to address school violence and security. Eligible schools and municipalities could apply for up to $60,000 for a school resource officer and up to $40,000 for a school police officer.^[238] Berwick Area School District applied and was awarded $38,484.^[239] Berwick Area did not participate in the state's Safe Schools targeted grant.

Special education

In December 2015, Berwick Area School District administration reported that 576 pupils or 19% of the district's pupils received Special Education services, with 52.1% of the identified students having a specific learning disability.^[240]

In 2013, 19.87% of Berwick Area School District students were identified as needing special education services, with 53% of the identified students having a specific learning disability.^[241] In December 2010, Berwick Area School District reported that 600 pupils received special education services which was 18% of pupils enrolled. Fifty three percent (53%) of special education students had a specific learning disability. In December 2009, the district administration reported that 595 pupils or 19% of the district's pupils received Special Education services.^[242]

In 2007, Pennsylvania Secretary of Education Gerald Zahorchak testified before the Pennsylvania House Education Committee regarding full day kindergarten. He claimed that districts which offered the program would see a significant decrease in special education students due to early identification and early intervention. He asserted the high cost of full day kindergarten would be recouped by Districts in lower special education costs.^[243] Berwick Area School District has seen an increase in the percentage of special education students it serves, yielding no savings.

The District engages in identification procedures to ensure that eligible students receive an appropriate educational program consisting of special education and related services, individualized to meet student needs. At no cost to the parents, these services are provided in compliance with state and federal law; and are reasonably calculated to yield meaningful educational benefit and student progress. To identify students who may be eligible for special education, various screening activities are conducted on an ongoing basis. These screening activities include: review of group-based data (cumulative records, enrollment records, health records, report cards, ability and achievement test scores); hearing, vision, motor, and speech/language screening; and review by the Instructional Support Team or Student Assistance Team. When screening results suggest that the student may be eligible, the District seeks parental consent to conduct a multidisciplinary evaluation. Parents who suspect their child is eligible may verbally request a multidisciplinary evaluation from a professional employee of the District or contact the Supervisor of Special Education.^[244]

In 2010, the state of Pennsylvania provided $1,026,815,000 for special education services. The funds were distributed to districts based on a state policy which estimates that 16% of the district's pupils are receiving special education services. This funding is in addition to the state's basic education per pupil funding, as well as, all other state and federal funding.^[245] The Pennsylvania Special Education funding system assumes that 16% of the district's students receive special education services. It also assumes that each student's needs accrue the same level of costs.^[246] The state requires each district to have a three-year special education plan to meet the unique needs of its special education students.^[247] Overidentification of students in order to increase state funding has been an issue in the Commonwealth. Some districts have more than 20% of its students receiving special education services while others have less than 10% supported through special education services.^[248]

The Berwick Area School District received a $2,091,063 supplement for special education services in 2010.^[249] For the 2011–12, 2012–13, and 2013-14 school years, all Pennsylvania public school districts received the same level of funding for special education that they received in 2010. This level funding was provided regardless of changes in the number of pupils who need special education services and regardless of the level of services the respective students required.^[250]

Gifted education

The District Administration reported that 179 or 5.52% of its students were gifted in 2009.^[252] By law, the district must provide mentally gifted programs at all grade levels. The referral process for a gifted evaluation can be initiated by teachers or parents by contacting the student's building principal and requesting an evaluation. All requests must be made in writing. To be eligible for mentally gifted programs in Pennsylvania, a student must have a cognitive ability of at least 130 as measured on a standardized ability test by a certified school psychologist. Other factors that indicate giftedness will also be considered for eligibility.^[253]

Budget

Pennsylvania public school districts budget and expend funds according to procedures mandated by the General Assembly and the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE). An annual operating budget is prepared by school district administrative officials. A uniform form is furnished by the PDE and submitted to the board of school directors for approval prior to the beginning of each fiscal year on July 1.

Under Pennsylvania's Taxpayer Relief Act, Act 1 of the Special Session of 2006, all school districts of the first class A, second class, third class and fourth class must adopt a preliminary budget proposal. The proposal must include estimated revenues and expenditures and the proposed tax rates. This proposed budget must be considered by the Board no later than 90 days prior to the date of the election immediately preceding the fiscal year. The preliminary budget proposal must also be printed and made available for public inspection at least 20 days prior to its adoption. The board of school directors may hold a public hearing on the budget, but are not required to do so. The board must give at least 10 days’ public notice of its intent to adopt the final budget according to Act 1 of 2006.^[254]

By 2015, Berwick Area employed 244 teachers and administrators, with the average teacher salary in Berwick Area School District was $63,441 a year, while the highest salary was $150,729.^[255] The teachers receive health insurance, dental insurance, life insurance, sick days, 2-5 personal days, 5 to 10 bereavement leave days, 2 emergency leave days and reimbursement for college courses. Teachers who have worked in Pennsylvania for 10 years and the district for 5 years can take sabbatical leave at one-half salary and all benefits paid by the district.^[256] Teachers work for a maximum of 185 days per year with 5 inservice days

In 2013, the average teacher salary in Berwick Area School District was $58,177 a year, while the cost of the benefits teachers received rose to $25,944 per employee, for a total annual average teacher compensation of $84,122.^[257] In 2013, seventy-five of the District's teachers were paid $70,000 a year or more.^[258] Berwick Area School District teacher and administrator retirement benefits are equal to at least 2.00% x Final Average Salary x Total Credited Service. (Some teachers benefits utilize a 2.50% benefit factor.)^[259] After 40 years of service, a teacher can retire with 100% of the average salary of their final 3 years of employment. According to a study conducted at the American Enterprise Institute, in 2011, public school teachers’ total compensation is roughly 50 percent higher than they would likely receive in the private sector. The study found that the most generous benefits that teachers receive are not accounted for in many studies of compensation including: pension, retiree health benefits and job security.^[260]

In 2012, the average teacher salary in Berwick Area School District was $58,139 a year, while the cost of the benefits teachers received was $16,563 per employee, for a total annual average teacher compensation of $74,703.^[261]

In 2011, the average teacher salary in Berwick Area School District was $55,386 a year, while the cost of the benefits teachers received was $14,258 per employee, for a total annual average teacher compensation of $69,645.^[262]

In 2009, Berwick Area School District reported employing over 250 teachers with a salary range of $31,400 to $78,676.^[263] The work year is 185 days with 5 days set aside as inservice days. Teachers work 7.5 hours with a 30-minute duty-free lunch period. Retiring teachers are eligible for an incentive payment of up to $14,500. Teacher who work with special education students receive an additional $225 per year. They are also entitled to access to health insurance through the district. Teacher receive additional compensation for appointment as Team Leader ($1,450), Head teacher ($1,325) and Department Head ($1,550). The union is given the right to conduct one meeting during inservice working hours.^[264]

In 2007, Berwick Area School District employed 232 teachers. The average teacher salary in the district was $53,787 for 180 days worked. The district's average teacher salary was the highest of all the Columbia County school districts in 2007.^[265] As of 2007, Pennsylvania ranked in the top 10 states in average teacher salaries. When adjusted for cost of living Pennsylvania ranked fourth in the nation for teacher compensation.^[266] Additionally, the teachers receive a defined benefit pension, health insurance (teacher pays $850 per year), dental insurance, vision insurance, life insurance, professional development reimbursement, 2-3 personal days (which accumulate), 10 sick days, 2 emergency leave days, 4 bereavement days, 1 day leave to receive a college degree and other benefits. Sabbatical leave at one half of salary is available to teacher after 10 years worked.^[264] According to Rep. Glen Grell, a trustee of the state teacher retirement fund, a 40-year Pennsylvania public school educator can retire with a pension equal to 100 percent of their final salary.^[267]

Administrative spending The 2008, Berwick Area School District administrative costs per pupil were $455 per pupil. The lowest administrative cost per pupil in Pennsylvania was $398 per pupil.^[268] In February 2010, the school board approved a five-year employment contract for superintendent with Wayne D. Brookhart effective July 1, 2010 through June 30, 2015.^[269] The Administrative Staff premium share for their health care insurnance was eliminated as of July 1, 2013.

In February 2010, the school board approved a plan to pay a $10,000 retirement bonus to classified staff (Secretaries, Custodial staff and/or Maintenance staff) that retired by the end of the 2009-2010 school year. Additionally, teachers who retired by June 2010 would be paid a bonus of $16,500 while administrators will receive a $10,000 bonus.^[270]

For the 2011-12 school year, the school board approved a $39,739,596 budget with revenues of: Local tax $18,856,800, State: $19,383,362 and Federal: $1,499,435.^[275]

The District was audited by the Pennsylvania Auditor General again in 2013. Significant findings were reported to the school board and administration, including a "Lack of Adherence to the Pennsylvania Department of Education’s Requirements and Vocational Education Membership Errors" which resulted in a subsidy overpayment of $129,112. The funds will be deducted from future state subsidies.^[280]

Berwick Area School District is funded by a combination of: a local tax on income (Occupational Assessment Tax) $10, a property tax, a per capita tax $10, a real estate transfer tax 0.5%, Local Services Tax $5 coupled with substantial funding from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the federal government. Grants provide an opportunity to supplement school funding without raising local taxes. Interest earnings on accounts also provide nontax income to the District. In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, pension income and Social Security income are exempted from state personal income tax and local earned income tax, regardless of the level of the individual's personal wealth.^[283] The average Pennsylvania public school teacher pension in 2011 exceeds $60,000 a year plus they receive federal Social Security benefits: both are free of Pennsylvania state income tax and local income tax which funds local public schools.^[284] Effective 2016, active duty military are also exempted from paying the local earned income tax in Pennsylvania.^[285]^[286]

State basic education funding

According to a report from Representative Todd Stephens office, Berwick Area School District receives 49.2% of its annual revenue from the state.^[287]

In December 2014, the Pennsylvania Education Funding Reform Commission conducted a hearing. Testimony was given regarding state funding at local districts.^[288]^[289] The commission developed a new basic education funding formula which sets a new way to distribute state basic education dollars. It abolished the practice of "hold harmless" funding, which gave districts at least the same as they got the previous school year regardless of declining enrollment. The plan became law in June 2016 (House Bill 1552).^[290]^[291]^[292]

For the 2017-18 school year, Berwick Area School District received a 1.5% increase to $14,761,059 in Basic Education Funding from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.^[293] The greatest increase in funding, in Columbia County, was awarded to Bloomsburg Area School District a 2.6% increase.^[294] Pennsylvania again increased its public education spending to a record high of $5.995 billion. It was a $100 million increase, 1.7% increase over the 2016-17 state education appropriation.^[295] Additionally, the state continued to fund its Ready to Learn grants at $250 million and Special Education funding received a $25 million increase to $1.121 billion.^[296] The state also paid $529,5 million to the school employee social security fund and another $2.304 billion to the teacher's pension fund, an increase of 7.6% over the state's 2016-17 payment. The state maintained its $100 million reimbursement to school districts for transportation costs. Governor Wolf had proposed cutting the funding by 50% shifting the costs to local taxpayers.^[297]^[298]

For the 2016-17 school year, Berwick Area School District received $14,537,172 in Basic Education Funding from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. This is a 2.5% increase over 2015-16 funding to the District. The highest percentage of BEF increase in Columbia County was 3% awarded to Benton Area School District and Bloomsburg Area School District under the state's Basic Education Funding formula. For the 2016-17 school year, Pennsylvania increased its public education spending to a record high of $5,895 billion. It was a $200 million increase, 3.51% increase over the 2015-16 appropriation.^[299] The state also funded Ready to Learn grants at $250 million and Special Education funding received a $20 million increase.^[300] The state also paid $492 million to the school employee social security fund and another $2.064 billion to the teacher's pension fund.^[301] Berwick received an increase ins special education and Ready to Learn grant funding. Statewide Conestoga Valley School District received a 13.3% increase in state BEF funding. Five PA public school districts received an increase of 10% or greater in Basic Education funding over their 2015-16 funding.

For the 2015-16 school year, Governor Tom Wolf released a partial Basic Education Funding of $6,831,445 to Berwick Area School District, in January 2016.^[302] This was part of $10.3 billion in school funding withheld from the public schools, by the Governor since the summer of 2015.^[303] The dispersement did not follow the new Basic Education Fair Funding formula which had been established by the Pennsylvania General Assembly in June 2015.^[304] Ten (10) Pennsylvania school districts received no increase in Basic Education funding under Governor Wolf.^[305]^[306] Governor Wolf withheld full funding from most school district for 9 months.

In compliance with a legislative mandate that was passed with veto proof majorities in the PA House and Senate,^[307] the final BEF funding was determined for 2015-16, in April 2016. Berwick Area School District received $14,179,804 in Basic Education Funds for the 2015-16 school year. This was a 1.96% increase yielding a $273,144 increase over the previous school year funding. The District also received $549,482 in Ready to Learn funding from the state.^[308]

For the 2012-13 school year, the Berwick Area School District received $13,892,560.^[313] The Governor's Executive Budget for 2012-2013 included $9.34 billion for kindergarten through 12th grade public education, including $5.4 billion in basic education funding, which was an increase of $49 million over the 2011-12 budget. In addition, the Commonwealth provided $100 million for the Accountability Block Grant (ABG) program. Berwick Area School District received $208,925 in ABG funds. The state also provided a $544.4 million payment for School Employees’ Social Security and $856 million for School Employees’ Retirement fund called PSERS.^[314] This amount is a $21,823,000 increase (0.34%) over the 2011-2012 appropriations for Basic Education Funding, School Employees' Social Security, Pupil Transportation, Nonpublic and Charter School Pupil Transportation.

The state Basic Education Funding to the Berwick Area School District in 2008-09 was $13,626,386.29. The amount of increase each school district receives is determined by the Governor and the Secretary of Education through the allocation set in the state budget proposal made in February each year.^[326] According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 1,251 students received free or reduced-price lunches due to low family income in the 2007-2008 school year.^[327]

Accountability Block Grants

Beginning in 2004-2005, the state launched the Accountability Block Grant school funding. This program has provided $1.5 billion to Pennsylvania's school districts. The Accountability Block Grant program requires that its taxpayer dollars are focused on specific interventions that are most likely to increase student academic achievement. These interventions include: teacher training, all-day kindergarten, lower class size K-3rd grade, literacy and math coaching programs that provide teachers with individualized job-embedded professional development to improve their instruction, before or after school tutoring assistance to struggling students. For the 2010-11 school year, the district applied for and received $567,074 in addition to all other state and federal funding. The district uses the funding to provide Increased Instructional Time and full-day kindergarten.^[328]^[329]

Ready to Learn grant

Beginning in the 2014-15 budget, the State funded a new Ready to Learn Grant for public schools. A total of $100 million is allocated through a formula to districts based on the number of students, level of poverty of community as calculated by its market value/personal income aid ratio (MV/PI AR) and the number of English language learners. Ready to Learn Block Grant funds may be used by the Districts for: school safety; Ready by 3 early childhood intervention programs; individualized learning programs; and science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) programs.^[332]

Berwick Area School District received $429,566 in Ready to Learn Grant dollars in addition to State Basic Education funding, Special Education funding, PreK Counts funding, reimbursement for Social Security payments for employees and other state grants which the district must apply to receive.

Education Assistance grant

The state's EAP funding provides for the continuing support of tutoring services and other programs to address the academic needs of eligible students. Funds are available to eligible school districts and full-time career and technology centers (CTC) in which one or more schools have failed to meet at least one academic performance target, as provided for in Section 1512-C of the Pennsylvania Public School Code. In 2010-11, the Berwick Area School District received $74,531.^[334]

Classrooms for the Future grant

The Classroom for the Future state program provided districts with hundreds of thousands of extra state funding to buy laptop computers for each core curriculum high school class (English, Science, History, Mathematics) and funded mandatory teacher training to optimize the instructional use of the computers. The program was funded from 2006-2009. Berwick Area School District received $52,843 in 2006-07. In 2007-08, the District received $300,000 and in 2008-09 $50,603 for a total of $403,446.^[335] Among the public school districts in Columbia County the highest award was given to Berwick Area School District. The highest funding statewide was awarded to Philadelphia City School District in Philadelphia County - $9,409,073. The grant program was discontinued by Governor Edward Rendell as part of the 2009-10 state budget plan.

Other grants

Berwick Area School District did not participate in: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection's Environmental Education grants;^[336]^[337] PA Science Its Elementary grants (discontinued effective with 2009-10 budget by Governor Rendell);^[338] the 2012 Striving Readers Comprehensive Literacy grant;^[339] Project 720 High School Reform grants (discontinued effective with 2011-12 budget) nor the 2012 and 2013 Pennsylvania Hybrid Learning Grants.^[340]

Federal grants

Berwick Area School District received an extra $2,937,591 in ARRA - Federal Stimulus money to be used in specific programs like special education and meeting the academic needs of low-income students.^[341] The funding was limited to the 2009-10 school year and 2010-2011 school year. Due to the temporary nature of the funding, schools were repeatedly advised by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, the Pennsylvania Senate Education Committee, the Governor and the Pennsylvania School Board Association, to use the funds for one-time expenditures like acquiring equipment, making repairs to buildings, training teachers to provide more effective instruction or purchasing books and software.

Race to the Top grant

Berwick Area School District officials did not apply for the Race to the Top federal grant. When approved for the grant, the district would have receives over one million dollars of additional federal dollars for improving student academic achievement.^[342] Participation required the administration, the school board and the local teachers' union to sign an agreement to prioritize improving student academic success.^[343] In Pennsylvania, 120 public school districts and 56 charter schools agreed to participate. Pennsylvania was not approved for the grant. The failure of districts to agree to participate was cited as one reason that Pennsylvania was not approved.^[344]

21st Century Community Learning Center Grant

Berwick Area School District was designated as a before and after school program provider for Columbia and Luzerne Counties in 2010. They received state funding - a grant of $142,376. CCLCs provide academic, artistic and cultural enhancement activities to students and their families when school is not in session.^[345]

English language learners grant

The Federal government provides annual grants to schools to assist in educating immigrant children and children who are identified as limited English proficient.^[346] Upon registering for public school, a language survey is done for all new enrollment pupils, typically in kindergarten or preschool. They identify the primary language spoken at home. This data is collected and submitted to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, which in turn notifies the federal government.^[347] In 2012-13 - Berwick Area School District received $13,579 in Title III funding for English language learners.^[348]

Title II grants

The Federal government provides annual grants to schools to be used to improve the quality of teacher instructions to pupils. The goal is provide each child in public schools with “Highly Quality” teachers and principals as defined by the state.^[349] The funds are sent to the state Department of Education which distributes them to each school district and charter school.^[350] Beginning in 2002, the federal funding committed to Title II was $3,175,000,000.

Public school district administrations must apply to the state annually for the Title II funds. In 2012-13, Berwick Area School District received $163,154 in federal Title II funding.^[351] In 2014-15, Berwick Area School District applied for and received $154,649.^[352]

Common Cents state initiative

The school board elected to not participate in the Pennsylvania Department of Education Common Cents program. The program called for the state to audit the district, at no cost to local taxpayers, to identify ways the district could save tax dollars.^[353] After the review of the information, the district was not required to implement the recommended cost savings change

Real estate taxes

For the 2015-16 school year, the Berwick Area School Board levied property taxes at: 44.7500 mills for residents in Columbia County and 11.3000 mills for Luzerne County residents.^[354] A mill is $1 of tax for every $1,000 of a property's assessed value. Irregular property reassessments have become a serious issue in the commonwealth as it creates a significant disparity in taxation within a community and across a region. On the local level, Pennsylvania district revenues are dominated by two main sources: 1) Property tax collections, which account for the vast majority (between 75-85%) of local revenues; and 2) Act 511 tax collections, which are around 15% of revenues for school districts.^[355] Property taxes, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, apply only to real estate - land and buildings. The property tax is not levied on cars, business inventory, or other personal property. Certain types of property are exempt from property taxes, including: places of worship, places of burial, private social clubs, charitable and educational institutions and government property. Additionally, service related, disabled US military veterans may seek an exemption from paying property taxes. Unlike other states, under Pennsylvania state tax policy, natural gas and oil pipelines are exempted from property taxes.^[356] When a Pennsylvania public school district includes municipalities in two counties, each of which has different rates of property tax assessment, a state board equalizes the tax rates between the counties.^[357] In 2010, miscalculations by the State Tax Equalization Board (STEB) were widespread in the Commonwealth and adversely impacted funding for many school districts, including those that crossed county borders.^[358]

The average yearly property tax paid by Columbia County residents amounts to about 2.72% of their yearly income. Columbia County ranked 778th of the 3143 United States counties for property taxes as a percentage of median income. The average yearly property tax paid by Luzerne County residents amounts to about 3.02% of their yearly income. Luzerne County ranked 586th of the 3143 United States counties for property taxes as a percentage of median income.^[367] According to a report prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, the total real estate taxes collected by all school districts in Pennsylvania rose from $6,474,133,936 in 1999-00 to $10,438,463,356 in 2008-09 and to $11,153,412,490 in 2011.^[368] Property taxes in Pennsylvania are relatively high on a national scale. According to the Tax Foundation, Pennsylvania ranked 11th in the U.S. in 2008 in terms of property taxes paid as a percentage of home value (1.34%) and 12th in the country in terms of property taxes as a percentage of income (3.55%).^[369]

Act 1 Adjusted index

The Act 1 of 2006 Index regulates the rates at which each public school district can raise property taxes in Pennsylvania. Districts are not allowed to raise taxes above that index unless they allow voters to vote by referendum, or they seek an exception from the state Department of Education. The base index for the 2010-2011 school year was 1.4 percent, but it can be adjusted higher, depending on a number of factors, such as property values and the personal income of district residents. Act 1 included 10 exceptions, including: increasing pension costs, increases in special education costs, a catastrophe like a fire or flood, increasing rising health care costs for contracts in effect in 2006 or dwindling tax bases. The base index is the average of the percentage increase in the statewide average weekly wage, as determined by the PA Department of Labor and Industry, for the preceding calendar year and the percentage increase in the Employment Cost Index for Elementary and Secondary Schools, as determined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the U.S. Department of Labor, for the previous 12-month period ending June 30. For a school district with a market value/personal income aid ratio (MV/PI AR) greater than 0.4000, its index equals the base index multiplied by the sum of .75 and its MV/PI AR for the current year.^[370]

The School District Adjusted Index for the Berwick Area School District 2006-2007 through 2010-2011.^[371]

For the 2016-17 budget year, Berwick Area School Board did not apply for any exceptions to exceed the District's Act 1 Index limit.^[384] Statewide 299 school districts adopted a resolution to not exceed their Act I index in 2016-17.

According to a state report, for the 2011-2012 school year budgets, 247 school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; 250 school districts adopted a preliminary budget. Of the 250 school districts that adopted a preliminary budget, 231 adopted real estate tax rates that exceeded their index. Tax rate increases in the other 19 school districts that adopted a preliminary budget did not exceed the school district's index. Of the districts who sought exceptions: 221 used the pension costs exemption and 171 sought a Special Education costs exemption. Only 1 school district sought an exemption for Nonacademic School Construction Project, while 1 sought an exception for Electoral debt for school construction.^[389]

In the Spring of 2010, 135 Pennsylvania school boards applied to the PDE for permission to exceed their adjusted index. Approval was granted to 133 of them and 128 sought an exception for pension costs increases.^[392]

Property tax relief

In 2013, property tax relief to property owners in Columbia County was set at $181 for the 6,037 homesteads and farmsteads that applied. The Highest property tax relief in Columbia County was awarded to Benton Area School District at $227. In 2010, property tax relief was set at $180 for the 6,078 homesteads and farmsteads that applied.^[393] In 2009, the Homestead/Farmstead Property Tax Relief from gambling for Berwick Area School District was $181 per approved permanent primary residence. In the district, 6,031 property owners applied for the tax relief. The highest property tax relief, in Columbia County, was $225 given in Benton Area School District. The relief was subtracted from the total annual school property tax bill. Property owners apply for the relief through the county Treasurer's office. Farmers can qualify for a farmstead exemption on building used for agricultural purposes. The farm must be at least {{convert|10|acre|m2|adj=pre|contiguous}} and must be the primary residence of the owner. Farmers can qualify for both the homestead exemption and the farmstead exemption. In Columbia County, 71% of property owners applied for the rebate in 2009.^[394] Pennsylvania awarded the highest property tax relief to residents of the Chester-Upland School District in Delaware County at $632 per homestead and farmstead in 2010.^[395] Since the inception of the program CUSD has consistently been the top recipient.

Some Berwick Area School District residents, including: low income residents aged 65 and older; widows and widowers aged 50 and older; and people with disabilities age 18 and older, can qualify for the state's Property Tax/Rent Rebate program. The income limit is $35,000 for homeowners.^[396] Residents must apply annually to receive up to $650. The Property tax/rent rebate program is funded by revenues from the Pennsylvania Lottery. In 2012, these property tax rebates were increased by an additional 50 percent for senior households in the state, so long as those households have incomes under $30,000 and pay more than 15% of their income in property taxes.^[397]

Extracurriculars

Berwick Area School District offers a variety of clubs, activities and interscholastic athletics. Eligibility for participation is determined by school board policy and the regulations of the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association (PIAA).^[398]^[399] The District is compliant with state law, posting its Interscholastic Athletic Opportunities Disclosure Form on its website. Berwick is the only public school district in Columbia County that does not participate in the Pennsylvania Heartland Athletic Conference.^[400]

According to Pennsylvania's Safety in Youth Sports Act, all sports coaches, paid and volunteer, are required to annually complete the Concussion Management Certification Training and present the certification before coaching.^[401]

By Pennsylvania law, all K-12 students in the Berwick Area School District, including those who attend a private nonpublic school, cyber charter school, charter school and those homeschooled, are eligible to participate in the extracurricular programs, including all athletics. They must meet the same eligibility rules as the students enrolled in the District's schools.^[402]

According to PA Child Abuse Recognition and Reporting Act 126 of 2014, all volunteer coaches and all those who assist in student activities, must have criminal background checks. Like all school district employees, they must also attend an anti child abuse training once every three years.^[403]^[404]^[405]

Sports

Coaches receive compensation as outlined in the teachers' union contract. When athletic competition exceeds the regular season, additional compensation is paid.^[406]

Article XVI-C of the Pennsylvania Public School Code requires the disclosure of interscholastic athletic opportunities for all public secondary school entities in Pennsylvania. All school entities with grades 7-12 are required to annually collect data concerning team and financial information for all male and female athletes beginning with the 2012-13 school year and submit the information to the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Beginning with the 2013-14 school year, all non-school (booster club and alumni) contributions and purchases must also be reported to PDE.^[407]

In May 2012, the school board hired Geisinger Sports Medicine to provide athletic trainer services in a five-year contract costing $38,000 in 2012-13 and rising to $42,769 in 2016-17.^[7]

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3. ^National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data - Berwick Area School District, 2011
4. ^National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data - Berwick Area School District, 2012
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6. ^Berwick Area School Board Secretary, Berwick Area School Board Meeting minutes May 2013, May 13, 2013
7. ^¹Berwick Area School Board Secretary, Berwick Area School Board Meeting minutes May 2012, 2012
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9. ^PDE, Berwick Area School District Fast Facts 2015, December 4, 2015
10. ^PDE, Berwick Area School District Fast Facts 2014, November 2014
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12. ^PDE, Enrollment and Projections by LEA 2006-2020, July 2010
13. ^PDE, Enrollment by LEA 2012, 2012
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38. ^Pittsburgh Business Times, Pennsylvania Public School Rankings, April 2011
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43. ^The Morning Call., 2009 PSSA RESULTS Berwick Area School District, March 2011
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49. ^Olsen, Laura, State list of failing schools has 53 in county, Pittsburgh Post Gazette, July 26, 2012
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52. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, Berwick Area School District AYP Overview 2005, 2005
53. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, Pennsylvania District AYP History 2003-2010, 2011
54. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, School Profile Berwick Area School District 2016, October 14, 2016
55. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, School Profile Berwick Area School District 2015, November 4, 2015
56. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, School Profile Berwick Area School District 2014, November 6, 2014
57. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, School Profile Berwick Area School District, 2013
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60. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, New 4-year Cohort Graduation Rate Calculation Now Being Implemented, March 15, 2011
61. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, Berwick Area School District Academic Achievement Report Card 2010, March 2011
62. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, Berwick Area School District Academic Achievement Report Card 2009, September 2010
63. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.papartnerships.org/reports/droppingbackin/tables/Grad_Info_By_District.pdf |author=Pennsylvania Partnerships for Children |title=High School Graduation rate 2007 |year=2008 |access-date=2011-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507041522/http://www.papartnerships.org/reports/droppingbackin/tables/Grad_Info_By_District.pdf |archive-date=2012-05-07 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
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65. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, Berwick Area High School Academic Achievement Report Card 2005, September 2005
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67. ^¹US News and World Report, Best High Schools, 2014
68. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, Professional Qualifications of Teachers Berwick Area High School, September 21, 2012
69. ^National Center for Education Statistics, Berwick Area High School, 2010
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251. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, BEF, Special Education Funding, RTL Grants 2016-17, July 2016
252. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.education.pa.gov/K-12/Gifted%20Education/Pages/default.aspx |title=Gifted Students as Percentage of Total Enrollment by School District/Charter School |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |date=July 2010}}
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256. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.berwicksd.org/cms/lib/PA01000861/Centricity/Domain/46/Collective%20Bargaining%20Agreement%202016-2020.pdf |author=Berwick Area School Board |title=Berwick Area School District teacher employment contract 2015 through 2020 |year=2017}}
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273. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.commonwealthfoundation.org/policyblog/detail/school-districts-amass-record-reserve-funds |title=School Districts Amass Record Reserve Funds |author=James Paul |publisher=Commonwealth Foundation |date=June 15, 2016}}
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286. ^{{cite web |url=http://abc27.com/2016/02/23/gov-wolf-signs-bill-to-exempt-active-duty-military-pay-from-local-tax/ |title=Gov. Wolf signs bill to exempt active duty military pay from local tax |author=Myle Snyder |publisher=ABC27 News |date=February 23, 2016}}
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288. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.commonwealthfoundation.org/docLib/20141203_WSFTestimony_Dec2014.pdf |title=School Funding Reform & Weighted Student Funding |author=Nathan Benefield and James Paul Senior Policy Analyst |date=December 3, 2014}}
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297. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.budget.pa.gov/PublicationsAndReports/CommonwealthBudget/Documents/2017-18%20Proposed%20Budget/2017-18%20Web%20Tracking%20Run.pdf |author=PA Office of Budget |title=Commonwealth 2016-17 Enacted Budget Line-Item Appropriations |date=July 2016}}
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330. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_50617_7207_507147_43/http;/pubcontent.state.pa.us/publishedcontent/publish/cop_hhs/pde/pde_community_content/dsf_migration/k12/pre_k_12_schools/content/public_schools/public_schools/abg_mid_year_report_for_2009_10.pdf |title=Report on ABG Funding 2009-10 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322134902/http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_50617_7207_507147_43/http%3B/pubcontent.state.pa.us/publishedcontent/publish/cop_hhs/pde/pde_community_content/dsf_migration/k12/pre_k_12_schools/content/public_schools/public_schools/abg_mid_year_report_for_2009_10.pdf |archivedate=2011-03-22 |df= }}
331. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/23322599/ACCOUNTABILITY-BLOCK-GRANT-Awards |title=ACCOUNTABILITY BLOCK GRANT Awards 2008-09 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |year=2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015180928/http://www.scribd.com/doc/23322599/ACCOUNTABILITY-BLOCK-GRANT-Awards |archivedate=2013-10-15 |df= }}
332. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.education.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/education_budget/8699/2014-15_passport_for_learning_block_grant/1427535 |title=Passport for Learning Block Grant |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |year=2013}}
333. ^PDE, State Funding 2017-18, July 2017
334. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/education_budget/8699/educational_assistance_program_funding/604415 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |title=Educational Assistance Program Funding 2010-2011 Fiscal Year |year=2010}}
335. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.auditorgen.state.pa.us/reports/performance/special/specff122208.pdf |author=Pennsylvania Auditor General |title=Classrooms For the Future grants audit |date=2008-12-22}}
336. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/environmental_education/13903/grants/588549 |title=Environmental Education Grants |author=Department of Environmental Protection |date=2014}}
337. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/newsroom/14287?id=19936&typeid=1 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection |title=Governor Corbett Awards 92 Grants for Environmental Education and Stewardship |date=April 22, 2013}}
338. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, Science: It’s Elementary Grantees Students in 143 Schools Benefit from Intensive Science Curriculum, July 22, 2008
339. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, Pennsylvania Awards $36.1 Million to Strengthen Literacy Programs, May 23, 2012
340. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pennsylvanias-acting-secretary-of-education-says-hybrid-learning-benefits-students-highlights-success-of-first-year-pilot-program-228203661.html |title=Acting Secretary of Education Says Hybrid Learning Benefits Students; Highlights Success of First-Year Pilot Program |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education Press Office |date=October 17, 2013}}
341. ^Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Columbia County ARRA FUNDING, 2011
342. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/25365273/Pennsylvania-Race-to-the-Top-Letter-to-Superintendents |title=Pennsylvania Race to the Top Letter to Superintendents |author=Pennsylvania Department oF Education |date=December 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015172337/http://www.scribd.com/doc/25365273/Pennsylvania-Race-to-the-Top-Letter-to-Superintendents |archivedate=2013-10-15 |df= }}
343. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.education.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=7201&PageID=510952&mode=2&contentid=http://pubcontent.state.pa.us/publishedcontent/publish/global/news_releases/governor_s_office/news_releases/pennsylvania_s__race_to_the_top__fueled_by_effective_reforms__strong_local_support.html |title=Pennsylvania's 'Race to the Top' Fueled by Effective Reforms, Strong Local Support |author=Governor's Press Office |date=January 2010}}
344. ^{{cite web |url=http://www2.ed.gov/programs/racetothetop/index.html |title=Race to the Top Fund, |author=U.S. Department of Education, |date=March 29, 2010}}
345. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pennsylvania-awards-299-million-to-support-21st-century-community-learning-centers-90099642.html |title=Pennsylvania Awards $29.9 Million to Support 21st Century Community Learning Centers |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education Press Release |date=April 7, 2010}}
346. ^{{cite web |url=http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/pg39.html |title=Title III — Language Instruction for Limited English Proficient and Immigrant Students |author=US Department of Education |date=September 15, 2004}}
347. ^PDE, English As A Second Language (ESL), 2015
348. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.education.pa.gov/Teachers%20-%20Administrators/Curriculum/English%20As%20A%20Second%20Language/Pages/Title-III-Supplemental-Program.aspx#.VjXbWCh1PzI |title=Title III Supplemental Program |author=PDE |year=2015}}
349. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.education.pa.gov/Teachers%20-%20Administrators/Federal%20Programs/Pages/Title%20Information/Title-II.aspx#.VmqPLyh1PzI |title=TITLE II, PART A - TEACHER AND PRINCIPAL TRAINING & RECRUITING |author=PDE |year=2015}}
350. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.education.pa.gov/Teachers%20-%20Administrators/Federal%20Programs/Pages/Allocations/2014-2015.aspx#.VmqQoCh1PzJ |title=Federal Programs |author=PDE |year=2015}}
351. ^PDE, Title IIA egrants 2012-13, 2012
352. ^PDE, Title IIA egrants 2014-15, 2014
353. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/common_cents/8781 |title=Common Cents program - Making Every Dollar Count |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education}}
354. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.education.pa.gov/Teachers%20-%20Administrators/School%20Finances/Finances/FinancialDataElements/Pages/default.aspx#.VlA70Sh1PzI |author=PDE |title=Finances RE Tax Rates 2015-16 |date=October 2015}}
355. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, Act 511 Tax Report, 2004
356. ^{{cite web |url=https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2015/06/11/new-pipeline-could-mean-tax-bonanza-for-nj-towns-but-for-pa-not-so-much/ |title=New pipeline could mean tax bonanza for NJ towns, but for Pa.? Not so much |author=Katie Colaneri |publisher=State Impact NPR.org |date= June 11, 2015}}
357. ^State Tax Equalization Board, State Tax Equalization Board About US, 2011
358. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pabarcrc.org/pdf/PA%20Aud%20Genl%20-%20Perfomance%20Audit%20of%20STEB.pdf |title=A Special Performance Audit of the Pennsylvania State Tax Equalization Boards |author=Pennsylvania Auditor General Jack Wagner - Bureau of Audits |date=February 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128142848/http://www.pabarcrc.org/pdf/PA%20Aud%20Genl%20-%20Perfomance%20Audit%20of%20STEB.pdf |archivedate=2016-01-28 |df= }}
359. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/financial_data_elements/7672 |author=PDE |title=Finances RE Tax Rates 2014-15 |date=October 2014}}
360. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/financial_data_elements/7672 |title=Real Estate Tax Rates by School District 2012-14 Real Estate Mills |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |year=2013}}
361. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/financial_data_elements/7672 |title=Real Estate Tax Millage by School District, |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |year=2010}}
362. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/financial_data_elements/7672 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |title=Financial Elements Reports |year=2010}}
363. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/financial_data_elements/7672 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |title=Financial Elements Reports 2008-09 Real Estate Mills |year=2009}}
364. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/financial_data_elements/7672 |title=Real Estate Tax Millage by School District |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |year=2008}}
365. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, Real Estate Tax Millage by School District, 2006
366. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, Real Estate Tax Millage by School District, 2005
367. ^Tax-rates.org., The 2013 Tax Resource County Property Taxes 2012, 2012
368. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, Pennsylvania School Finances - Summaries of Annual Financial Report Data 2010-11, 2011
369. ^New Census Data on Property Taxes on Homeowners, Tax Foundation, September 22, 2009.
370. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/referendum_exceptions/7456 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |title=2010-11 Act 1 of 2006 Referendum Exception Guidelines}}
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372. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2012-2013 School District Adjusted Index Listing, May 2011
373. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2013-2014 School District Adjusted Index, September 2012
374. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2014-2015 School District Adjusted Index, September 2013
375. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2015-2016 School District Adjusted Index, September 2014
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377. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.education.pa.gov/Teachers%20-%20Administrators/Property%20Tax%20Relief/Pages/default.aspx#.ViS0tih1PzI |title=Property Tax Relief |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |year=2015}}
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380. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.education.pa.gov/Teachers%20-%20Administrators/Property%20Tax%20Relief/Pages/Referendum-Exceptions.aspx |title=Report on Referendum Exceptions For School Year 2016-2017 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |date=April 2016}}
381. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.psers.state.pa.us/content/pfr/resources/FY%202016-2017%20ECR%20fact%20sheet%20FINAL%2012082015.pdf |title=Fiscal Year 2016/2017 Employer Contribution Rate |author=PSERS |date=December 10, 2015}}
382. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/understanding-employment-taxes |title=Understanding Employment Taxes |author=USA IRS |date=December 14, 2016}}
383. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.psers.pa.gov/About/Documents/News/2017%2002%2022/PSERS%20-%20Final%20House%20with%20Cover.pdf |title=PSERS Budget Report 2017-18 |author=Pennsylvania School Employee Retirement System |year=2017}}
384. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.education.pa.gov/Teachers%20-%20Administrators/Property%20Tax%20Relief/Pages/Referendum-Exceptions.aspx|title=Report on Referendum Exceptions For School Year 2016-2017 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |date=April 2016}}
385. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.education.pa.gov/Teachers%20-%20Administrators/Property%20Tax%20Relief/Pages/Referendum-Exceptions.aspx |title=Taxpayer Relief Act Special Session Act 1 of 2006 Report on Referendum Exceptions For School Year 2015-2016 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |date=April 2015}}
386. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.education.pa.gov/Teachers%20-%20Administrators/Property%20Tax%20Relief/Pages/Referendum-Exceptions.aspx|author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |title=Report on Referendum Exceptions For School Year 2014-2015 |date=April 30, 2014}}
387. ^¹Pennsylvania Department of Education, Report on Referendum Exceptions For School Year 2012-2013, March 30, 2012
388. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/property_tax_relief/7452 |title=Special Session Act 1 of 2006 the Taxpayer Relief Act information |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |year=2011}}
389. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/referendum_exceptions/7456/report_on_referendum_exceptions/510336 |title=Report on Exceptions |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |date=April 2011}}
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394. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.auditorgen.state.pa.us/department/press/wagnerpennsylvaniansmissingoutonprop.html |title=Special Report Pennsylvania Property Tax Relief, |author=Pennsylvania Auditor General Office, |date=February 23, 2010}}
395. ^Tax Relief per Homestead 5-1-10. Report Pennsylvania Department of Education, May 2010
396. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.revenue.pa.gov/GeneralTaxInformation/PropertyTaxRentRebateProgram/Pages/default.aspx#.VLOWoyh1PzI |title=Property Tax/Rent Rebate Program |author=Department of Revenue |year=2014}}
397. ^Pennsylvania Department of Revenue., Property Tax/Rent Rebate Program, June 2012
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399. ^Berwick Area School Board, Interscholastic Athletics Policy 123, May 14, 2007
400. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.phacathletics.org/ |title=Pennsylvania Heartland Athletic Conference School list |year=2012}}
401. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/US/HTM/2011/0/0101..HTM |author1=PA General Assembly |title=Senate Bill 200 of Session 2011 Safety in Youth Sports Act |date= July 1, 2012}}
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403. ^Eleanor Chute., New Pa. law expands clearance requirements for school volunteers, employees, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, December 15, 2014
404. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/office_of_elementary_secondary_education/7209/office_for_safe_schools/1423046 |title=ACT 126 – Child Abuse Recognition and Reporting Act |author=Pennsylvania General Assembly |year=2014}}
405. ^Ali Stevens., Child Protective Services Law impacts schools, WKOK.com 1070AM, January 6, 2015
406. ^Berwick Area School Board, Berwick Area School District Teacher Union Contract, 2014
407. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.conewago.k12.pa.us/uploads/2/1/2/9/21299964/interscholastic_athletic_opportunities_disclosure_form.pdf |title=Interscholastic Athletic Opportunities Disclosure Form |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |date=2013}}
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409. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.piaa.org/schools/directory/default.aspx |title=PIAA School Directory |author=Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletics Association |year=2012}}