请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Beth Ditto
释义

  1. Life and career

  2. Books

     Books by Ditto  Books with contributions by Ditto 

  3. Discography

     Albums  Extended plays  Singles 

  4. Filmography

  5. Awards and nominations

  6. References

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}{{pp-move-indef}}{{pp-semi-blp|small=yes}}{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Beth Ditto
| image = Beth_Ditto_-_Gossip_-_Roskilde_Festival_2012.jpg
| caption = Ditto at Roskilde Festival 2012
| image_size =
| landscape = yes
| birth_name = Mary Beth Patterson
| background = solo_singer
| alias =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|2|19}}
| death_date =
| origin = Judsonia, Arkansas, U.S.[1]
| instrument = Vocals
| genre = Indie rock, post-punk, synthpop
| occupation =
| years_active =
| label = Virgin[2]
| associated_acts = Gossip
| website =
}}

Mary Beth Patterson,[3] (born February 19, 1981),[4] known by her stage name Beth Ditto, is an American singer-songwriter, most notable for her work with the indie rock band Gossip[5] and whose voice has been compared to Etta James, Janis Joplin and Tina Turner.[6] She disbanded Gossip to pursue a career in fashion, and has since also started a solo career.

Life and career

Ditto grew up in a poor family in Arkansas in the southern United States, with her mother, various stepfathers, and six siblings{{snd}}two older brothers, an older sister, two younger brothers and a younger sister. She was raised Southern Baptist and Pentecostal.[6] At age 13, she moved out of her mother's house and went to live with her aunt.[7] She moved to Olympia, Washington in 1999;[8] then to Portland, Oregon in 2003, where she lives as of 2014.[9] At 18, she discovered bands like Nirvana, Pearl Jam, The Raincoats and Siouxsie and the Banshees.[10]

She fronted the band Gossip from its formation in 1999 until its dissolution in 2016. In addition, she has been involved in other musical projects. In 2008, she contributed vocals to the Crisis charity single "Consequences", a collaboration between various artists. In 2010, she sang on Simian Mobile Disco's track "Cruel Intentions" for their album of collaborations Temporary Pleasure. In 2011, she released her own 4-track Beth Ditto EP, produced by James Ford and Jas Shaw of Simian Mobile Disco, on the re-launched Deconstruction Records. She sang on Blondie's "A Rose by Any Name" from their 2013 album Ghosts of Download. Harrod Horatia, writing in The Telegraph, has said, "Where the stripped-down three-piece Gossip play propulsive, garage band blues, Ditto's own stuff is melancholic, soulful dance music, inspired by 'Eighties disco soul jams' that she loves, and the up-tempo pop-R&B of I Wanna Dance With Somebody-era Whitney Houston."[7]

Ditto, who is openly lesbian, is well known for her outspoken support of both lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT), and feminist causes.[11] She has been an advocate for large women being body-positive and has been regularly photographed as an editorial model. She is known for her stage dances and her unique and revealing image. She classes herself as a punk, and thus neither uses deodorant nor shaves under her armpits, having once remarked, "I think punks usually smell."[12] She has cited Cyndi Lauper and Boy George as overall influences and Grace Jones and Peggy Moffitt as her beauty icons.[13] She also stated: "Artists I love, like Siouxsie Sioux and Patti Smith, have such radically different ways of embodying femininity, but they're both amazing punk women. The true heart of feminism isn't about meeting other people's expectations around your body or your gender."[14] She considers her favorite song to be "Oh Bondage Up Yours!" by X-Ray Spex.

She courted mild controversy in 2006 when, during an interview for NME magazine, she claimed to have eaten squirrels as a child, saying that "people in Arkansas just do{{snd}}they'd think you were a freak if you ate squid there!"[15]{{Failed verification|date=July 2018|reason=Quote not in source}}

In 2007–2008, Ditto contributed a fortnightly advice column on body image to The Guardian newspaper entitled 'What would Beth Ditto do?'.[16][17]

In 2007 she was featured posed nude on the front cover of music magazine NME.[18] Germaine Greer, writing in The Guardian, said the magazine had "enough courage to put the coolest woman on the planet on the cover" whilst acknowledging its limits. Greer also praised Ditto for her motives, saying her "intention is to force acceptance of her body type, {{convert|5|ft|m|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}} tall and {{convert|15|st|lb kg|disp=sqbr}}, and by this strategy to challenge the conventional imagery of women".[19] In February 2009 bi-annual British style magazine Love featured Ditto posed nude on the front cover of its premiere issue, with prominent public advertising.[18] Emily Hill, writing in The Guardian, was cynical of Love magazine's intentions, writing that "Beth Ditto on Love magazine is not evidence of fashion's new acceptance, but a diversion before emaciated normality returns".[20]

Ditto launched her first plus-size collection for women's clothing retailer Evans on July 9, 2009, in collaboration with head of design Lisa Marie Peacock. Ditto provided sketches and drew inspiration from her favourite vintage and charity shop clothes as well as bands like Blondie, The Slits and Grace Jones, and Art Deco movements.[21][22] Her second collection for Evans launched in 2010 with just over 20 individual items. Marianne Kirby, writing in The Guardian, said the "collection struck a nerve with its iconic pieces" and that it was an "international success".[23]

She opened (modeled) and closed the Jean Paul Gaultier spring 2011 fashion show during Paris Fashion Week in October 2010.[7][24]

In June 2012 Ditto collaborated with MAC Cosmetics to create a make up collection.[13]

Ditto released her memoir in 2012 called Coal to Diamonds, which she co-wrote with Michelle Tea.[25] It was positively reviewed in The Guardian[26] and NME.[27]

In July 2013, Ditto married her girlfriend and best friend since she was 18,[28] Kristin Ogata, in Maui, Hawaii. Both were outfitted entirely in white for the occasion; Ditto wore a gown by Jean Paul Gaultier and went barefoot while Ogata wore a jacket, a shirt, shorts, and shoes.[29][30][31]

In December 2014, seventeen months after the two first walked down the aisle in a wedding, the couple legally married in their home state of Oregon,[32][33] having to wait until same-sex marriage became legal there to make their marriage official.[32][33]

Ditto confirmed the split of the band Gossip to pursue a career in fashion and her solo career in 2016.[34]

In an interview in March 2018, Ditto announced that she and her wife had split and she was dating musician Ted Kwo.[35]

Books

Books by Ditto

  • Coal to Diamonds: A Memoir Co-written with Michelle Tea.
    • New York, NY: Spiegel & Grau, 2012. {{ISBN|978-0385525916}}. Hardback.
    • London: Simon & Schuster UK, 2012. {{ISBN|978-1847372161}}. Hardback.
    • London: Simon & Schuster UK, 2013. {{ISBN|978-1847392466}}. Paperback.

Books with contributions by Ditto

  • Riot Grrrl: Revolution Girl Style Now! by Nadine Monem. London: Black Dog Publishing, 2007. {{ISBN|978-1-906155-01-8}}. Ditto contributes an introduction.[36]

Discography

{{See also|Gossip discography}}

Albums

YearTitlePeak positions
AUS
[37]		BEL
[38]		FRA
[39]		ITA
[40]		SWI
[41]		UK
[42]
2017Fake Sugar 89 51 24 80 11 47

Extended plays

YearTitlePeak positions
AUS
[43]		FRA
[44]		GER
[52]		SWI
[41]
2011EP 86 67 78 45

Singles

YearTitlePeak
positions		Album
UKBEL
[38]		FRA
[44]		GER
[45]		SWI
[41]
2008"Temptation"
(with Jarvis Cocker)		 148
[46]		 — — — — Non-album single
(charity single)
2011"I Wrote the Book" 76
[47]		 6 89 24 59 EP
2017"Fire" — — 93
[48]		 — — Fake Sugar
As featured artist
2008"Consequences"
(Crisis featuring Beth Ditto, Paul Weller, The Enemy, Supergrass and many more)		 88
[49]		 — — — — Non-album single
(charity single)
2010"Cruel Intentions"
(Simian Mobile Disco featuring Beth Ditto)		 142
[50]		 — — — — Temporary Pleasure
2013"A Rose by Any Name"
(Blondie featuring Beth Ditto)		 — — — — — Ghosts of Download
2014"Running Low"
(Netsky featuring Beth Ditto)		 80 1 — 100 — non-album single

Filmography

Year Title Role Director Notes
2016 Nocturnal Animals TV Woman Voice #2 Tom Ford
2018 Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot Reba Gus Van Sant

Awards and nominations

  • 2006 – NME – Cool List – Won[51]
  • 2007 – NME Awards – Sexiest Woman Of The Year – Nominated
  • 2007 – Virgin Media Music Awards – Legend of the Year – Nominated
  • 2007 - PLUG Awards - Female Artist of the Year - Nominated
  • 2008 – Glamour Awards – International Artist Of The Year – Won

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Beth Ditto (1981–)|url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=7447|accessdate=January 10, 2018}}
2. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.capitolrecords.com/virgin-records-beth-ditto-announces-new-album/|title=Virgin Records' Beth Ditto Announces New Album|work=Virgin Records|accessdate=June 17, 2017}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2013/03/19/beth-ditto-drunk-arrested/1998921/|work=USA Today|title=The Gossip lead singer Beth Ditto drunk, arrested|date=March 19, 2013|accessdate=September 7, 2015|author=Lopez, Korina}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Beth Ditto|url=http://www.emusic.com/listen/#/artist/beth-ditto/11730295/|publisher=emusic|accessdate=July 15, 2012}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gossipyouth.com/lebio.html |title=Bio |accessdate=March 6, 2008 |publisher=The Gossip official website |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022041410/http://www.gossipyouth.com/lebio.html |archivedate=October 22, 2007 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
6. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/Music/11/24/tbr.ditto/index.html?iref=newssearch | date = November 24, 2006 | accessdate = May 29, 2014 | publisher = CNN | title = The insiders guide to Beth Ditto}}
7. ^1 2 {{cite news | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/8330932/Beth-Ditto-the-punk-it-girl.html | date = February 21, 2011 | accessdate = March 13, 2011 | first = Horatia | last = Harrod | publisher = The Daily Telegraph | location = London | title = Beth Ditto: the punk 'it' girl}}
8. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/jul/06/beth-ditto-singer-songwriter | date = July 6, 2012 | accessdate = May 28, 2014 | first = Rosanna | last = Greenstreet | publisher = The Guardian | title = Q&A: Beth Ditto}}
9. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2007/dec/15/portlandusa.usa | date = December 15, 2007 | accessdate = May 28, 2014 | first = Beth | last = Ditto | publisher = The Guardian | title = The friendliest big little city in America}}
10. ^Videtti, Giuseppe . [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=it&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.repubblica.it%2Fspettacoli-e-cultura%2F2011%2F03%2F26%2Fnews%2Fditto_videtti-14112914%2Findex.html%3Fref%3Dsearch. "Beth Ditto interview"]. repubblica.it. March 26, 2011. Retrieved July 13, 2012. "At 18 I discovered Nirvana, Pearl Jam, The Raincoats and Siouxsie and the Banshees. The mainstream"
11. ^{{cite news|url=http://music.guardian.co.uk/pop/story/0,,2098486,00.html|title=What would Beth Ditto do?|accessdate=March 6, 2008|date=June 8, 2007|author=Beth Ditto|publisher=The Guardian | location=London}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.psychopedia.com/dailynews/2006/11/listen_upi_dont_think_were_in.html |title=Listen Up: I Don't Think We're In Kansas Anymore |accessdate=March 6, 2008 |date=November 20, 2006 |publisher=psychoPEDIA |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231132409/http://www.psychopedia.com/dailynews/2006/11/listen_upi_dont_think_were_in.html |archivedate=December 31, 2007 |df= }}
13. ^1 {{cite web | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/thread-count/beth-ditto-turns-adventurous-personal-style-into-bold-mac-cosmetics-collection-20120601 | date = June 1, 2012 | accessdate = May 28, 2014 | first = Colleen | last = Nika | publisher = Rolling Stone | title = Beth Ditto Turns Adventurous Personal Style Into Bold MAC Cosmetics Collection}}
14. ^{{cite web|author=Hanra, Hanna|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/beth-ditto-profile-makeup-routine-best-eyeliner|title=Beth Ditto on Why Makeup Is the Heart of Feminism—And There's No Such Thing as Ugly|publisher=Vogue|date=January 27, 2016 |accessdate=July 26, 2017}}
15. ^{{cite web|last=Kharas |first=Kev |url=http://drownedinsound.com/news/1341104 |title=Gossip or fact? Beth Ditto used to eat squirrels?! / Music News // Drowned In Sound |publisher=Drownedinsound.com |date=November 24, 2006 |accessdate=July 26, 2014}}
16. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/series/whatwouldbethdittodo | accessdate = May 27, 2014 | publisher = The Guardian | title = What would Beth Ditto do?}}
17. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/apr/27/popandrock.healthandwellbeing1|title=What Would Beth Ditto Do?|accessdate=July 14, 2009|publisher=The Guardian | location=London | date=April 27, 2007}}
18. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1145131/15-stone-Beth-Ditto-launches-Love-magazine-nude-shoot.html | date = February 16, 2009 | accessdate = June 14, 2009 | first = Jo | last = Clements | publisher = Daily Mail | title = 15-stone Beth Ditto launches Love magazine with nude shoot}}
19. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/may/31/news.germainegreer | date = May 31, 2007 | accessdate = March 27, 2018 | first = Germaine | last = Greer | publisher = The Guardian | title = Well done, Beth Ditto. Now let it all hang out}}
20. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/feb/19/magazines-beth-ditto-love | date = February 19, 2009 | accessdate = May 28, 2014 | first = Emily | last = Hill | publisher = The Guardian | title = Fat's all folks}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/style/5734946/Beth-Dittos-collection-for-Evans.html |title=Beth Ditto's collection for Evans |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=July 6, 2009 |accessdate=February 27, 2013 |first=Hilary |last=Alexander |authorlink=Hilary Alexander}}
22. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jul/05/beth-ditto-fashion-interview | date = July 5, 2009 | accessdate = May 28, 2014 | first = Miranda | last = Sawyer | publisher = The Guardian | title = 'Everything that you think is weird is normal to me'}}
23. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/sep/21/fashion-fashion-designers | date = September 21, 2010 | accessdate = May 27, 2014 | first = Marianne | last = Kirby | publisher = The Guardian | title = Beth Ditto collection reveals gap in the fat fashion market}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://ifdb.co/fashion/jean_paul_gaultier_-_womens_springsummer_2011_rtw_show/724 |title=Jean Paul Gaultier – Spring/Summer 2011 ready-to-wear show. |publisher=www.tifdb.com |accessdate=May 29, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816105749/http://ifdb.co/fashion/jean_paul_gaultier_-_womens_springsummer_2011_rtw_show/724 |archivedate=August 16, 2011 |df= }}
25. ^Lambda Literary 'Coal to Diamonds' by Beth Ditto and Michelle Tea
26. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/oct/21/coal-diamond-beth-ditto-review | date = October 21, 2012 | accessdate = May 28, 2014 | first = Kitty | last = Empire | publisher = The Guardian | title = Coal to Diamonds: A Memoir by Beth Ditto – review}}
27. ^{{cite news | url = http://www.nme.com/reviews/beth-ditto/13817 | date = October 26, 2012 | accessdate = May 28, 2014 | first = Kevin | last = Perry | publisher = NME | title = Book Review: Beth Ditto – 'Coal To Diamonds'}}
28. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/may/06/beth-ditto-interview-joyful-noise | date = May 6, 2012 | accessdate = May 28, 2014 | first = Alex | last = Clark | publisher = The Guardian | title = Beth Ditto: 'I'm constantly learning how to be confident'}}
29. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/the-gossips-beth-ditto-is-talk-of-the-town-singer-marries-longterm-girlfriend-kristin-ogata-8730852.html |title=The Gossip's Beth Ditto is talk of the town: Singer marries long-term girlfriend Kristin Ogata |newspaper=The Independent |date=July 24, 2013 |accessdate=July 25, 2013 }}
30. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/24/beth-ditto-marries-kristin-ogata_n_3643966.html |title=Beth Ditto Of Gossip Marries Kristin Ogata, Longtime Girlfriend, In Hawaiian Wedding |newspaper=The Huffington Post |first=Cavan |last=Sieczkowski |date=July 24, 2013 |accessdate=July 25, 2013 }}
31. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2375832/The-Gossips-Beth-Ditto-marries-girlfriend-Kristin-Ogata.html |title=Wedding belles! Barefoot Beth Ditto wears her dream Jean Paul Gaultier gown as she marries girlfriend Kristin Ogata |newspaper=Daily Mail |date=July 24, 2013 |accessdate=July 25, 2013 }}
32. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2899854/Legally-married-Beth-Ditto-celebrates-official-nuptials-Oregon-17-months-marrying-Kristin-Ogata-Hawaii.html |title='Legally married!' Beth Ditto celebrates official nuptials in Oregon... 17 months after marrying Kristin Ogata in Hawaii |newspaper=Daily Mail |date=January 7, 2015 |accessdate=January 7, 2015 }}
33. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.msn.com/en-us/music/celebrity/beth-ditto-rang-in-2015-with-oregon-wedding/ar-AA7RdKh |title='Legally married!' Beth Ditto celebrates official nuptials in Oregon... 17 months after marrying Kristin Ogata in Hawaii |newspaper=MSN News |date=January 6, 2015 |accessdate=January 7, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107141307/http://www.msn.com/en-us/music/celebrity/beth-ditto-rang-in-2015-with-oregon-wedding/ar-AA7RdKh |archivedate=January 7, 2015 |df= }}
34. ^{{cite web|last1=Jillian|first1=Mapes|title=Beth Ditto Stays Radically Fat With New Clothing Line and Solo Career|url=http://pitchfork.com/thepitch/1026-beth-ditto-stays-radically-fat-with-new-clothing-line-and-solo-career/|website=Pitchfork|publisher=Pitchfork|accessdate=September 16, 2016}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/gossips-beth-ditto-goes-guitars-solo-album/|title=Gossip’s Beth Ditto goes for guitars on solo album|accessdate=February 3, 2019|date=March 21, 2018|author=Tom Lanham|publisher=The San Francisco Examiner}}
36. ^"Riot Grrrl Revolution Girl Style Now! {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910185201/http://www.blackdogonline.com/all-books/riot-grrrl.html |date=2011-09-10 }}", Black Dog Publishing.
37. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.auspop.com.au/2017/06/aria-chart-watch-426/|title=ARIA Chart Watch #426|publisher=auspOp|date=June 24, 2017|accessdate=June 24, 2017}}
38. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Beth+Ditto |title=Discografie Beth Ditto |website=ultratop.be |publisher=Hung Medien |language=Dutch |accessdate=August 20, 2014}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.snepmusique.com/tops-semaine/top-album-megafusion/?ye=2017&we=25|title=Le Top de la semaine : Top Albums – SNEP (Week 25, 2017)|publisher=Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|language=French|accessdate=June 27, 2017}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fimi.it/classifiche#/category:album/id:2496|title=Album – Classifica settimanale WK 25 (dal 2017-06-16 al 2017-06-22)|publisher=Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana|language=Italian|accessdate=June 24, 2017}}
41. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Beth+Ditto|title=Discographie Beth Ditto – hitparade.ch|publisher=Hung Medien|language=German|accessdate=June 28, 2017}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/6794/beth-ditto|title=Beth Ditto {{!}} full Official Chart history|publisher=Official Charts Company|accessdate=June 24, 2017}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20110530-1606/Issue1098.pdf |title=Pandora Archive |publisher=Pandora.nla.gov.au |date=August 23, 2006 |accessdate=July 26, 2014}}
44. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Beth+Ditto|title=lescharts.com – Discography Beth Ditto|publisher=Hung Medien|language=French|accessdate=October 3, 2014}}
45. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.de/suche.asp?search=Beth+Ditto&x=8&y=6&country=de |title=Beth Ditto |website=charts.de |publisher=GfK Entertainment |language=German |accessdate=August 20, 2014}}
46. ^CHART: CLUK Update 1.03.2008 (wk8)
47. ^Charts Stats "Charts Stats – Beth Ditto – EP" {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120722094644/http://www.chartstats.com/release.php?release=50026 |date=July 22, 2012 }}, Charts Stats – UK Singles & Albums Chart Archive, March 13, 2011, accessed March 15, 2011.
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.snepmusique.com/tops-semaine/top-singles-telecharges/?ye=2017&we=25|title=Le Top de la semaine : Top Singles Téléchargés – SNEP (Week 25, 2017)|publisher=Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|language=French|accessdate=June 24, 2017}}
49. ^CHART: CLUK Update 10.05.2008 (wk18)
50. ^CHART: CLUK Update 26.12.2009 (wk51)
51. ^{{cite news |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6172794.stm | date = November 22, 2006 | accessdate = May 28, 2014 | publisher = BBC News | title = Women top list of music's coolest}}
{{Commons category|Beth Ditto}}{{The Gossip}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ditto, Beth}}

28 : Beth Ditto|1981 births|American dance musicians|Female models from Arkansas|American feminists|Female post-grunge singers|American female rock singers|Feminist musicians|Kill Rock Stars|Lesbian feminists|Lesbian musicians|LGBT musicians from the United States|LGBT singers|LGBT songwriters|LGBT memoirists|Living people|Singers from Arkansas|People from Searcy, Arkansas|Synthpop singers|Musicians from Portland, Oregon|American female songwriters|Songwriters from Oregon|Songwriters from Arkansas|LGBT people from Arkansas|LGBT people from Oregon|Singers from Oregon|21st-century American singers|21st-century women singers
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/21 17:47:17