1. Course
     Discharge  

2. Watershed

3. Flora and fauna

4. History

5. Pollution

6. Recreation

7. See also

8. Notes and references

9. Bibliography

10. External links

Big Butte Creek is a {{convert|12|mi|km|sigfig=2|adj=mid|-long}} tributary of the Rogue River in the U.S. state of Oregon. It drains approximately {{convert|245|mi2|km2|sigfig=3}} of Jackson County. Its two forks, the North Fork and the South Fork, both begin high in the Cascade Range near Mount McLoughlin. Flowing predominantly west, they meet near the city of Butte Falls. The main stem flows generally northwest until it empties into the Rogue Falls was incorporated in 1911, and remains the only incorporated town within the watershed's boundaries.

Big Butte Creek's watershed was originally settled over 8,000 years ago by the Klamath, Upper Umpqua, and Takelma tribes of Native Americans. In the Rogue River Wars of the 1850s, most of the Native Americans were either killed or forced onto Indian reservations. The first non-indigenous settlers arrived in the 1860s, naming the creek after Snowy Butte, an early name for Mount McLoughlin. In the late 19th century, the watershed was primarily used for agriculture and logging. The small city of Butte Falls was incorporated in 1911, and remains the only incorporated town within the watershed's boundaries.

Big Butte Springs, located in the watershed, provides clean drinking water to more than 115,000 residents of the Rogue Valley. It emits over {{convert|26|e6USgal|L|sigfig=2}} of water per day. Water from Big Butte Creek is also diverted for irrigation at several other locations.

The water quality of the Big Butte Creek watershed is generally high, and it supports several species of trout and salmon. The watershed is also home to more than 152 species of birds, 63 species of mammals, 19 species of reptiles, and numerous plants. The Poverty Flats region was designated an Area of Critical Environmental Concern by the Bureau of Land Management in 1995 to protect several rare species of plants.

Course

Big Butte Creek begins in the Cascade Range near Butte Falls. It flows generally northwest over approximately {{convert|12|mi|km|sigfig=2}} to its confluence with the Rogue River.{{sfn|TopoQuest Butte Falls Quadrangle, Butte Falls}}{{sfn|Benchmark Maps|2010|pp=96–97}} The two main forks of Big Butte Creek, the North Fork and the South Fork, merge at {{convert|2244|ft|m|sigfig=3}} above sea level,{{efn|name=Source}} while the creek's mouth is located at an elevation of {{convert|1562|ft|m|sigfig=4}}.{{sfn|GNIS Big Butte Creek|1980}}

The North Fork's headwaters are located on the slopes of the {{convert|6207|ft|m|sigfig=4|adj=mid|-tall}} Rustler Peak.{{sfn|Benchmark Maps|2010|pp=96–97}}{{sfn|GNIS Rustler Peak|1980}} It flows southwest, receiving many small tributaries such as Jackass, Eighty Acre, and Friese creeks. Turning west, it flows just north of Butte Falls before merging with the South Fork.{{sfn|Benchmark Maps|2010|pp=96–97}}

The South Fork begins at the confluence of two of its tributaries, Twincheria and Rancheria creeks. It flows southwest, receiving Fourbit Creek on the left.{{sfn|Benchmark Maps|2010|pp=96–97}} Fourbit Creek begins near Mount McLoughlin, where massive faults may allow water to seep into it from nearby Fourmile Lake in the Klamath River watershed.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}} The South Fork turns west and receives Willow Creek on the left. Big Butte Springs are located on Willow Creek, and the Medford Aqueduct, which carries drinking water to cities in the Rogue Valley, parallels the South Fork from there all the way to Butte Falls. The South Fork flows over the {{convert|15|ft|m|sigfig=2|adj=mid|-tall}} Butte Falls—the nearby city's namesake—and merges with the North Fork about {{convert|1|mi|km|sigfig=2}} downstream.{{sfn|TopoQuest Butte Falls Quadrangle, Butte Falls}}{{sfn|Benchmark Maps|2010|pp=96–97}}{{sfn|Giordano|Willamette Kayak and Canoe Club|2004|pp=116–117}}

Big Butte Creek travels northwest, gathering McNeil Creek on the left and Clark Creek on the right, along with many other minor tributaries.{{sfn|Benchmark Maps|2010|pp=96–97}} This region contains many Class II and III rapids, as rated on the International Scale of River Difficulty.{{sfn|Giordano|Willamette Kayak and Canoe Club|2004|pp=116–117}} The stream is crossed by Cobleigh Road at river mile (RM) 9.5 or river kilometer (RK) 15,{{sfn|TopoQuest Butte Falls Quadrangle, Cobleigh Road}} and Netherlands Road at RM 3 (RK 4.8).{{sfn|TopoQuest McLeod Quadrangle, Netherlands Road}} About {{convert|0.6|mi|km|sigfig=1}} before its mouth, Big Butte Creek cascades over Crowfoot Falls and is crossed by Crowfoot Road.{{sfn|ODFW|2009}}{{sfn|TopoQuest McLeod Quadrangle, McLeod}} It then flows into the Rogue River {{convert|155|mi|km|sigfig=3}} from its mouth at the Pacific Ocean.{{sfn|TopoQuest McLeod Quadrangle, McLeod}} Big Butte Creek's mouth is about one mile southwest of William L. Jess Dam, and Oregon Route 62 passes just north of it.{{sfn|Benchmark Maps|2010|pp=96–97}}{{sfn|TopoQuest McLeod Quadrangle, McLeod}}

Discharge

The United States Geological Survey monitors the flow of Big Butte Creek at three different stream gauges: two on the South Fork, and one on the main stem. Both South Fork gauges were shut down in 1991, but the gauge located near the mouth of Big Butte Creek continues to operate. The main stem often discharges less water than the South Fork alone in the summer months because of numerous diversions.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}

Watershed

Big Butte Creek drains approximately {{convert|245|mi2|km2|sigfig=3}} of southern Oregon. Elevations range from {{convert|1562|ft|m|sigfig=4}} at the creek's mouth to {{convert|9495|ft|m|sigfig=4}} at the summit of Mount McLoughlin, with an average of {{convert|3528|ft|m|sigfig=4}}.{{sfn|BLM|2008}}{{sfn|Upper Rogue Watershed Association|2006}} About 56 percent is federally owned by the Bureau of Land Management and the United States Forest Service, 44 percent is privately owned, and a small fraction belongs to the City of Medford.{{sfn|BLM|2008}}

The Big Butte Creek watershed experiences a Mediterranean climate. Temperatures range from {{convert|10|F|C|sigfig=2}} in the winter to {{convert|100|F|C|sigfig=2}} in the summer.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}{{sfn|BLM|1999}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}} Precipitation averages between {{convert|35|and|80|in|mm|sigfig=2}} annually. Most precipitation occurs between November and March.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}{{sfn|BLM|1999}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}} Nine percent of the watershed's surface runoff is collected from rain, 35 percent from rain on snow, and 56 percent from snow.{{sfn|BLM|2008}} The watershed contains the largest groundwater source in the entire Rogue River basin; one major outlet is at Big Butte Springs.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}

The watershed is split into two geographic regions: the High Cascades and the Western Cascades, both volcanic in origin. The Western Cascades compose the western two thirds of the watershed. This region is highly eroded, being between 17 and 38 million years old. Its unstable slopes are primarily made of pyroclastic rock. Due to the rock's high ability to absorb moisture, earthflows are common. The High Cascades are much younger, around three to seven million years old. Mount McLoughlin is the most prominent High Cascade volcano in the watershed, last erupting between 20,000 and 15,000 years ago.{{sfn|Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest Sky Lakes}} Basalt and andesite are the most common rock types in this region.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}{{sfn|BLM|2008}}

Nearby watersheds include Little Butte Creek to the south, small Klamath River tributaries such as Fourmile Creek to the east, the South Fork Rogue River to the east and north, and minor tributaries of the Rogue River including Reese and Indian creeks to the west.{{sfn|Benchmark Maps|2010|pp=96–97}}

Flora and fauna

Some of the most common trees that grow in the Big Butte Creek watershed include four species of fir, two species of pine, incense cedar, and western hemlock. The understory contains plants such as Pacific yew, Pacific madrone, chinquapin, and vine maple. Several invasive species have been reported in the Big Butte Creek watershed, such as Kentucky bluegrass, common bent, drooping brome, and redtop. The spread of these species is most likely due to overgrazing.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}} Sensitive species that grow in the watershed include Howell's yampah, Egg Lake monkeyflower, clustered lady's slipper, green-flowered ginger, Mount Mazama collomia, and Detling's microseris.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}} Mallow and popcorn flower have also been discovered in riparian zones. The Poverty Flats Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC) is home to several rare species of plants, including Bellinger's meadowfoam, Howell's yampah, and Rocky Mountain woodsia.{{sfn|BLM|1999}}

Over 152 species of birds are known or suspected to live in the Big Butte Creek watershed,{{sfn|BLM|1999}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}} including the northern goshawk and the northern spotted owl, a vulnerable species. Bald eagles nest around Willow Lake.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}{{sfn|BLM|1999}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}} Amphibians such as the vulnerable Oregon spotted frog and the near threatened Cascades frog inhabit some regions of the watershed.{{sfn|BLM|1999}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}} Black-tailed deer, Roosevelt elk, cougars, and black bears are the most common of the 63 species of mammals found in the watershed. Fishers and American martens have also been spotted. The gray wolf and the vulnerable grizzly bear once lived in the watershed, but are now considered extirpated. Nineteen species of reptiles live in the area. Other sensitive species include the wolverine, the western pond turtle, the sandhill crane, and Townsend's big-eared bat.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}

Rainbow trout, chinook and coho salmon, and Pacific Lamprey are the most common anadromous fish that inhabit Big Butte Creek.{{sfn|BLM|2008}}{{sfn|BLM|1999}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}} They travel as far as Butte Falls, sometimes passing over it during high flows.{{sfn|BLM|2008}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}} Because of the cold, sterile conditions of the water and the difficulty of jumping over the Butte Creek waterfall, streams above Butte Falls have very low populations of anadromous fish.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}} Native, resident fish in this area include coastal cutthroat and rainbow trout.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}{{sfn|BLM|2008}} Willow Lake contains largemouth bass and rainbow, cutthroat, and brook trout.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}} Overall, the number of fish in the Big Butte Creek watershed has declined in recent years, possibly due to the clearing of riparian zones and rising water temperatures.{{sfn|BLM|1999}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}}

History

Humans have lived in the Big Butte Creek area for at least 8,000 years.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}} The Klamath, Upper Umpqua, Takelma, and Latgawa tribes of Native Americans inhabited the watershed until they were driven out in the Rogue River Wars of the 1850s.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}{{sfn|BLM|1999}} On Christmas Eve, December 24, 1855, Captain E. A. Rice along with 34 other men attacked a Native American encampment near the creek's mouth. Eighteen Native American men were killed, all the women and children were captured, and the camp was burned to the ground.{{sfn|Fagan|1885|p=258}} Most were relocated to Indian reservations. Non-indigenous settlers first arrived in the early 1860s, and agriculture, ranching, and logging industries quickly developed.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}{{sfn|BLM|1999}} Big Butte Creek was named by early settlers for its close proximity to Mount McLoughlin (also known as Snowy Butte), as was nearby Little Butte Creek.{{sfn|McArthur|McArthur|2003|p=79}}

In 1904, a water-powered sawmill was constructed at Butte Falls. The town of Butte Falls was established in 1906, and incorporated in 1911.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}{{sfn|BLM|2008}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}} The Pacific and Eastern Railway was constructed to Butte Falls in 1910.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}} Butte Falls also received water rights to Ginger Springs, providing high quality drinking water for the town.{{sfn|BLM|2008}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}}

The Cat Hill Burn destroyed {{convert|30000|acre|km2|sigfig=2}} of forest on Rustler Peak in 1910.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}} In 1915, the Eagle Point Irrigation Canal was constructed, diverting approximately {{convert|100|ft3/s|m3/s|sigfig=3}} of water for irrigation in the Little Butte Creek watershed.{{sfn|BLM|2008}}{{sfn|Upper Rogue Watershed Association|2006}} The canal begins just below Butte Falls.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}} The Butte Falls Fish Hatchery was also constructed in 1915.{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}}{{sfn|Oregon State Library|2010}} Originally, the hatchery impounded water from Ginger Creek, however in 1923 a canal was built transferring {{convert|15.5|ft3/s|m3/s|sigfig=3}} of water from the South Fork of Big Butte Creek.{{sfn|BLM|2008}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}}{{sfn|Oregon State Library|2010}} The Medford Aqueduct, a {{convert|31|in|cm|sigfig=2|adj=mid|-wide}} pipeline, was constructed in 1927. It delivers about {{convert|40|ft3/s|m3/s|sigfig=2}} of drinking water from Big Butte Springs south to the Bear Creek watershed.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}{{sfn|Fletcher|Davis|Pyke|Reinhart|2005|p=143}}{{sfn|Southern Oregon University|2002}} In 1951, a second pipeline was added, and Willow Dam was constructed, creating Willow Lake.{{sfn|Southern Oregon University|2002}} The springs serve over 115,000 customers throughout the Rogue Valley.{{sfn|Heie|2008}}

Loggers felled massive amounts of forest in the 1920s and 1930s. Reforestation efforts began in the 1940s because natural regeneration could not keep pace with the rate of logging. In 1962, the Columbus Day Storm knocked many more large trees to the ground. Today, old-growth forest covers only about five percent of the watershed.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}

In 1995, the Poverty Flats region was designated an Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC) by the Bureau of Land Management. Located about {{convert|3.5|mi|km|sigfig=2}} west of Butte Falls, the ACEC is home to several rare species of plants. It was fenced off in 1996 to protect the area from roaming cattle.{{sfn|BLM|1999}}

The Butte Falls Fish Hatchery was scheduled to be closed by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife in July 2009 as part of a statewide effort to decrease the department's budget,{{sfn|Freeman|April 27, 2009}} but on July 3 it was announced that the hatchery would continue to operate with only one employee.{{sfn|Freeman|July 3, 2009}} However, the hatchery was closed permanently in October 2010.{{sfn|Freeman|2010}}

A {{convert|160|ft|m|sigfig=2|adj=on}} portion of the Eagle Point Irrigation Canal failed on October 2, 2011, sending {{convert|86|ft3/s|m3/s|sigfig=2}} of muddy water down a hillside, across a road, and into lower Big Butte Creek, a vital salmon spawning area. A stream gauge on the Rogue River about {{convert|15|mi|km|sigfig=2}} downstream reported turbidity levels twenty times higher than before the breach.{{sfn|Freeman|October 4, 2011}}{{sfn|Freeman|October 28, 2011}} The canal was repaired by October 28.{{sfn|Freeman|October 28, 2011}}

Pollution

The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) has monitored Big Butte Creek for eight different parameters that affect water quality: temperature, oxygen saturation, pH, nutrients, bacteria, chemical contaminants such as pesticides and metals, turbidity, and alkalinity. Streams that exceed the standard level are placed on the DEQ 303d list in accordance with the Clean Water Act. About {{convert|54.2|mi|km|sigfig=3}} of the streams in the Big Butte Creek watershed were listed on the 2004/2006 DEQ 303d list. The entire main stem exceeded the standard level for temperature, oxygen saturation, and E. coli, a type of bacteria. The lower {{convert|13.9|mi|km|sigfig=3}} of the North Fork were listed for high temperature, along with many other minor tributaries. The South Fork was not listed, although some of its tributaries were.{{sfn|BLM|2008}}

Overall, water quality in the Big Butte Creek watershed is generally high, however road construction and logging can cause severe erosion, leading to high levels of sedimentation and turbidity. The Willow Creek region often experiences high turbidity, but Willow Lake traps the sediment before it can travel downstream. Big Butte Springs provides clean water that requires minimal treatment to meet water quality standards. Water from the springs has very little chemical pollution, low turbidity, and temperatures averaging between {{convert|44|and|46|F|C|sigfig=2}}.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}

Recreation

Popular recreational activities in the Big Butte Creek watershed include hunting, camping, hiking, and horseback riding.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}{{sfn|BLM|1999}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}} Many tourists also come to sight-see.{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}} The most heavily used trail in the area is the Blue Canyon Trail, leading to the Sky Lakes Wilderness, and ultimately the larger Pacific Crest Trail.{{sfn|Benchmark Maps|2010|pp=96–97}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}} The city of Butte Falls has organized the Butte Falls Discovery Loop Tour, a half-day-long drive through the Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest. The loop starts in Butte Falls, and has several stops for hiking and viewing the landscape, including Mount McLoughlin.{{sfn|Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest Loop Tour}}

Water recreation on Willow Lake includes boating, swimming, fishing, and waterskiing. Fishing is also popular in other streams, especially Fourbit Creek.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}{{sfn|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}} Cross-country skiing and snowmobiling are popular in the winter.{{sfn|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}

See also

• List of rivers of Oregon

Notes and references

Bibliography

• {{cite book|first=David|last=Fagan|title=History of Benton County|publisher=D. D. Fagan|location=Oregon|year=1885|oclc=5249765|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=590pAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q=&f=false|ref=harv}}
• {{cite book|first1=Angie|last1=Fletcher|first2=Susan|last2=Davis|first3=Grant|last3=Pyke|first4=Jill|last4=Reinhart|first5=Karen|last5=Scanlon|title=Water utility/agricultural alliances|publisher=American Water Works Association|location=Denver, Colorado|year=2005|isbn=978-1-58321-375-9|oclc=61513241|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EfrnVSzsWrIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false|ref=harv}}
• {{cite book|first1=Pete|last1=Giordano|last2=Willamette Kayak and Canoe Club|title=Soggy Sneakers: A Paddler's Guide to Oregon Rivers|publisher=The Mountaineers Books|location=Seattle, Washington|year=2004|origyear=First published 1980|edition=4th|isbn=978-0-89886-815-9|oclc=53793536|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pa5I5bXiHsoC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false|ref=harv}}
• {{cite ogn|7th|ref=harv}}

• {{cite news|first=Mark|last=Freeman|title=95 years down the drain|work=Mail Tribune|location=Medford, Oregon|url=http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20101027/NEWS/10270323|date=October 27, 2010|accessdate=February 9, 2012|ref=harv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108070043/http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20101027%2FNEWS%2F10270323|archive-date=November 8, 2010|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
• {{cite news|first=Mark|last=Freeman|title=Butte Falls Hatchery gets reprieve|work=Mail Tribune|location=Medford, Oregon|url=http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090703/NEWS/307039982|date=July 3, 2009|accessdate=February 12, 2010|ref={{sfnRef|Freeman|July 3, 2009}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610141202/http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20090703%2FNEWS%2F307039982|archive-date=June 10, 2011|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
• {{cite news|first=Mark|last=Freeman|title=Butte Falls Hatchery to close|work=Mail Tribune|location=Medford, Oregon|url=http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090427/NEWS/904270309|date=April 27, 2009|accessdate=February 12, 2010|ref={{sfnRef|Freeman|April 27, 2009}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610141230/http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20090427%2FNEWS%2F904270309|archive-date=June 10, 2011|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
• {{cite news|first=Mark|last=Freeman|title=Repairs complete at canal; upgrade to follow|work=Mail Tribune|location=Medford, Oregon|url=http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20111028/NEWS/110280337|date=October 28, 2011|accessdate=February 9, 2012|ref={{sfnRef|Freeman|October 28, 2011}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101033135/http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20111028%2FNEWS%2F110280337|archive-date=November 1, 2013|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
• {{cite news|first=Mark|last=Freeman|title=Spill muddies Big Butte Creek|work=Mail Tribune|location=Medford, Oregon|url=http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20111004/NEWS/110040310|date=October 4, 2011|accessdate=February 9, 2012|ref={{sfnRef|Freeman|October 4, 2011}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011104629/http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20111004%2FNEWS%2F110040310|archive-date=October 11, 2011|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
• {{cite news|first=Troy|last=Heie|title=Bottled vs. tap water|work=Mail Tribune|location=Medford, Oregon|url=http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080623/OREGONHEALTHYLIVING/806230310|date=June 23, 2008|accessdate=February 6, 2010|ref=harv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610141139/http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20080623%2FOREGONHEALTHYLIVING%2F806230310|archive-date=June 10, 2011|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}

• {{cite web|title=Recreation – Butte Falls Discovery Loop Tour|publisher=Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest|url=http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/rogue-siskiyou/recreation/scenicdrives/discovery.shtml|accessdate=February 22, 2010|ref={{sfnRef|Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest Loop Tour}}|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118210439/http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/rogue-siskiyou/recreation/scenicdrives/discovery.shtml|archivedate=18 January 2010}}
• {{cite web|title=Sky Lakes Wilderness|publisher=Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest|url=http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/rogue-siskiyou/recreation/?cid=stelprdb5305662|accessdate=October 29, 2013|ref={{sfnRef|Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest Sky Lakes}}}}
• {{cite web|title=USGS 14335200 So Fk Big Butte Cr Ab Willow Cr Nr B Fls, Oreg.: USGS Surface-Water Annual Statistics|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/annual/?referred_module=sw&site_no=14335200&por_14335200_1=547278,00060,1,1986,1991&year_type=W&format=html_table&date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&rdb_compression=file&submitted_form=parameter_selection_list|accessdate=February 6, 2010|ref={{sfnRef|USGS 14335200 Surface-Water}}}}
• {{cite web|title=USGS 14335200 So Fk Big Butte Cr Ab Willow Cr Nr B Fls, Oreg.: Peak Streamflow|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/peak?site_no=14335200&agency_cd=USGS&format=html|accessdate=February 6, 2010|ref={{sfnRef|USGS 14335200 Peak Streamflow}}}}
• {{cite web|title=USGS 14335200 So Fk Big Butte Cr Ab Willow Cr Nr B Fls, Oreg.: Annual Water Data Reports|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/dv?cb_00060=on&format=html&begin_date=1985-10-01&end_date=1991-09-30&site_no=14335200&referred_module=sw|accessdate=February 6, 2010|ref={{sfnRef|USGS 14335200 Water Data}}}}
• {{cite web|title=USGS 14335500 South Fork Big Butte Cr Nr Butte Falls, Oreg.: USGS Surface-Water Annual Statistics|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/annual/?referred_module=sw&site_no=14335500&por_14335500_3=547283,00060,3,1911,1991&year_type=W&format=html_table&date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&rdb_compression=file&submitted_form=parameter_selection_list|accessdate=February 6, 2010|ref={{sfnRef|USGS 14335500 Surface-Water}}}}
• {{cite web|title=USGS 14335500 South Fork Big Butte Cr Nr Butte Falls, Oreg.: Peak Streamflow|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/peak?site_no=14335500&agency_cd=USGS&format=html|accessdate=February 6, 2010|ref={{sfnRef|USGS 14335500 Peak Streamflow}}}}
• {{cite web|title=USGS 14335500 South Fork Big Butte Cr Nr Butte Falls, Oreg.: Annual Water Data Reports|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/dv?cb_00060=on&format=html&begin_date=1910-10-01&end_date=1991-09-30&site_no=14335500&referred_module=sw|accessdate=February 6, 2010|ref={{sfnRef|USGS 14335500 Water Data}}}}

• {{cite map|publisher=Benchmark Maps|title=Oregon Road and Recreation Atlas|edition=4th|year=2010|location=Medford, Oregon|scale=1:225,000|isbn=978-0-929591-62-9|oclc=466904230|ref={{SfnRef|Benchmark Maps|2010}}}}
• {{cite gnis|id=1137984|name=Big Butte Creek|entrydate=November 28, 1980|accessdate=February 6, 2010|ref={{sfnRef|GNIS Big Butte Creek|1980}}}}
• {{cite web|url=http://library.state.or.us/repository/2012/201209271612164/2010.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Oregon State Library|title=Butte Falls Hatchery Operations Plan|year=2010|accessdate=October 29, 2013|ref={{sfnRef|Oregon State Library|2010}}}}
• {{cite web|url=http://www.blm.gov/or/districts/medford/plans/files/big_central_butte_wa_acc.PDF|format=PDF|publisher=Bureau of Land Management|title=Central Big Butte Creek Watershed Analysis|accessdate=February 6, 2010|ref={{sfnRef|BLM Central Watershed Analysis}}}}
• {{cite web|url=http://www.dfw.state.or.us/fish/CRP/docs/rogue_spring_chinook/big-butte-Creek-evaluation.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife|title=Evaluation of spring Chinook salmon spawning in Big Butte Creek, 2008|date=March 2009|accessdate=February 7, 2010|ref={{sfnRef|ODFW|2009}}}}
• {{cite web|url=http://www.blm.gov/or/districts/medford/plans/files/LowBigButteWAU_acc.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Bureau of Land Management|title=Lower Big Butte Watershed Analysis|date=September 1999|accessdate=February 6, 2010|ref={{sfnRef|BLM|1999}}}}
• {{cite gnis|id=1146908|name=North Fork Big Butte Creek|entrydate=November 28, 1980|accessdate=February 6, 2010|links=off|ref={{sfnRef|GNIS North Fork|1980}}}}
• {{cite gnis|id=1148863|name=Rustler Peak|entrydate=November 28, 1980|accessdate=February 6, 2010|links=off|ref={{sfnRef|GNIS Rustler Peak|1980}}}}
• {{cite gnis|id=1149932|name=South Fork Big Butte Creek|entrydate=November 28, 1980|accessdate=February 6, 2010|links=off|ref={{sfnRef|GNIS South Fork|1980}}}}
• {{cite topoquest|quad=Butte Falls|note=Butte Falls|lat=42.55917|lon=122.57813|zoom=4|accessdate=February 6, 2010|ref=harv}}
• {{cite topoquest|quad=Butte Falls|note=Cobleigh Road|lat=42.58128|lon=122.60272|zoom=4|accessdate=March 6, 2010|ref=harv|links=no}}
• {{cite topoquest|quad=McLeod|note=Netherlands Road|lat=42.62738|lon=122.67761|zoom=4|accessdate=March 6, 2010|ref=harv|links=no}}
• {{cite topoquest|quad=McLeod|note=McLeod|lat=42.65836|lon=122.69488|zoom=4|accessdate=February 6, 2010|ref=harv|links=no}}
• {{cite web|url=http://www.blm.gov/or/districts/medford/plans/files/upper_big_butte_wa_acc.PDF|format=PDF|publisher=Rogue River National Forest|title=Upper Big Butte Watershed Analysis|date=December 1995|accessdate=February 6, 2010|ref={{sfnRef|Rogue River National Forest|1995}}}}
• {{cite web|url=http://www.roguebasinwatersheds.org/Files/URWA_Chapter1_FINAL%2012-15-06.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Upper Rogue Watershed Association|title=Upper Rogue Watershed Assessment|date=December 16, 2006|accessdate=February 6, 2010|ref={{sfnRef|Upper Rogue Watershed Association|2006}}|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720010813/http://www.roguebasinwatersheds.org/Files/URWA_Chapter1_FINAL%2012-15-06.pdf|archivedate=July 20, 2011|df=}}
• {{cite web|title=USGS 14337500 Big Butte Creek Near McLeod, OR|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2012/pdfs/14337500.2012.pdf|format=PDF|year=2012|accessdate=October 30, 2013|ref={{sfnRef|USGS 14337500}}}}
• {{cite web|date=March 2002 |title=Water for Our Community |url=http://rvtv.roguedatavault.net/asxgen/medford/videos/water.wmv |format=WMV |publisher=Southern Oregon University |accessdate=February 6, 2010 |ref={{sfnRef|Southern Oregon University|2002}} |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724043302/http://rvtv.roguedatavault.net/asxgen/medford/videos/water.wmv |archivedate=July 24, 2011 |df= }}
• {{cite web|url=http://www.blm.gov/or/districts/medford/plans/files/MDO_pln_08_04_08.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Bureau of Land Management|title=Water Quality Restoration Plan|date=January 2008|accessdate=February 6, 2010|ref={{sfnRef|BLM|2008}}}}

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