| 词条 | Big Creek State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area |
| 释义 |
| name = Big Creek State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area | iucn_category = | photo = Big Sur portrait.jpg | photo_caption = Big Sur | map = USA California#USA | relief = 1 | location = Big Sur, California, USA | nearest_city = Big Sur, California | coordinates = {{Coord |36|07|20|N|121|38|0|W|display=title, inline}} | area = | established = 1994 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = California Department of Parks and Recreation }}Big Creek State Marine Reserve (SMR) and Big Creek State Marine Conservation Area (SMCA) are two adjoining marine protected areas that lie offshore of Big Sur on California’s central coast. The combined area of these marine protected areas is {{convert|22.45|sqmi|km2}}. The SMR protects all marine life within its boundaries. Fishing and take of all living marine resources is prohibited. Within the SMCA fishing and take of all living marine resources is prohibited except the commercial and recreational take of salmon, albacore, and the commercial take of spot prawn.[1] HistoryBig Creek SMR was established in 1994 and Big Creek SMCA was established in September 2007 by the California Fish & Game Commission. It was one of 29 marine protected areas adopted during the first phase of the Marine Life Protection Act Initiative. The Marine Life Protection Act Initiative (or MLPAI) is a collaborative public process to create a statewide network of marine protected areas along the California coastline.[1] Geography and natural featuresThese two marine protected areas adjoin each other off the coast of Big Sur. In the waters off the Big Sur/Big Creek coast are a series of narrow and steep finger canyons that serrate the continental shelf. The sites are adjacent to Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park. Habitat and wildlifeThe underwater canyons of the Big Creek marine protected areas provide habitat to a variety of deepwater rockfishes such as cabezon and bocaccio. The area is also an important forage area for southern sea otters.[2] Recreation and nearby attractionsAdjacent Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park provides hiking trails, including an overlook trail to McWay Falls, an {{convert|80|ft|m|adj=on}} waterfall that drops into the cove below. California’s marine protected areas encourage recreational and educational uses of the ocean.[3] Activities such as kayaking, diving, snorkeling, and swimming are allowed unless otherwise restricted. Scientific monitoringAs specified by the Marine Life Protection Act, select marine protected areas along California’s central coast are being monitored by scientists to track their effectiveness and learn more about ocean health. Similar studies in marine protected areas located off of the Santa Barbara Channel Islands have already detected gradual improvements in fish size and number.[4] Local scientific and educational institutions involved in the monitoring include Stanford University’s Hopkins Marine Station, University of California Santa Cruz, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. Research methods include hook-and-line sampling, intertidal and scuba diver surveys, and the use of Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) submarines. References1. ^1 California Department of Fish and Game. "Online Guide to California’s Central Coast Marine Protected Areas". Retrieved on December 18, 2008 2. ^Department of Fish and Game. "Appendix O. Regional MPA Management Plans". Master Plan for Marine Protected Areas (approved February 2008). Retrieved December 18, 2008. 3. ^Department of Fish and Game. "California Fish and Game Code section 2853 (b)(3) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326135812/http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=fgc&group=02001-03000&file=2850-2863 |date=2013-03-26 }}". Marine Life Protection Act. Retrieved December 18, 2008. 4. ^Castell, Jenn, et al. "How do patterns of abundance and size structure differ between fished and unfished waters in the Channel Islands? Results from SCUBA surveys {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531194040/http://www.dfg.ca.gov/marine/channel_islands/pdfs/handout_caselle.pdf |date=May 31, 2010 }}". Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO) at University of California, Santa Barbara and University of California, Santa Cruz; Channel Islands National Park. Retrieved December 18, 2008. External links
7 : Marine sanctuaries in California|Big Sur|California Department of Fish and Wildlife areas|California State Reserves|Protected areas of Monterey County, California|1994 establishments in California|Protected areas established in 1994 |
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