1. Personal

2. Scholarship

3. Awards and honors

4. Selected bibliography

5. References

Personal

Raised and educated in Texas, he is the first son of Billie Lee Turner, a noted synantheralologist (botanist studying Asteraceae). He has a B.A. and M.A. in Geography from the University of Texas at Austin (1968, 1969) and received his PhD at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1974 for work on Mayan agriculture.^[2] He then taught at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County for two years, and was based from 1975-1979 in the Department of Geography, University of Oklahoma before moving to Clark University in 1980 and Arizona State University in 2008.

Scholarship

Turner's contributions to knowledge have evolved from an interest in human impacts on the natural world. His early study was on the borders of archaeology and geography - the pre-Hispanic agricultural systems of the Maya in the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico (Turner, 1983; Harrison & Turner, 1978). This geographical and archaeological work fueled an interest in agricultural pathways and livelihoods more generally, particularly patterns of agricultural intensification. As an authority of agricultural systems, Turner produced several influential texts on the theory of agrarian change (Turner and Brush, 1989; Turner, 1974; Turner, Hyden & Kates, 1993).

The environmental transformations that have accompanied population growth in Central America led to a broader engagement with cultural ecology and the human relationship with nature. A major initiative with colleagues at Clark University, which was always a center for this type of work under Robert Kates, Roger Kasperson and others, culminated in the Earth Transformed by Human Action (1990), a major stocktaking of anthropogenic impacts on the planet and its ecosystems. Over the last 20 years Turner has led, or participated in, other research on the science and dynamics of global environmental change (e.g. Steffen et al., 2004).

His interest in specific impacts of populations and societies on land use change and alterations in land cover led to a return to fieldwork in Central America in the 1990s, supported by several large research grants and working with a number of PhD students. The specific focus was to understand contemporary patterns of land use, informed by social investigations and GIS and remote sensing (Turner et al., 2004; Gutman et al., 2004). Turner is associated with the development of LUCC analysis - Land Use/Cover Change and ways to assess it, as concern grows about tropical deforestation and agricultural expansion. He has also promoted the emerging field of 'Sustainability Science', an emerging focus at Arizona State University (Rindfuss et al., 2004), latterly applying it to the landscape in the Phoenix metropolitan area, including vegetation types, land cover change, and microclimates.

He has a lifelong interest in the promotion of geography as an academic discipline in the USA, and the development of geographic literacy. He lists, among his hobbies, "entertaining grad students", and he has supervised at least 30 PhDs through to successful careers, and been their great supporters.

Awards and honors

• Member, National Academy of Sciences,
• Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
• Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
• Fellow, Massachusetts Academy of Sciences
• Guggenheim Fellow
• Fellow of Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University
• Distinguished Scholarship Award—Conference of Latin Americanists Geographers
• Robert Netting Award (2001),^[3] Cultural and Political Ecology Specialty Group, Association of American Geographers

Selected bibliography

• Harrison P.D. and B. L. Turner II (eds.) 1978. Pre-Hispanic Maya Agriculture. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
• Turner, B.L. II. 1983. Beneath the Forest: Prehistoric Terracing in the Rio Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands. Boulder: Westview Press.
• Turner, B.L. II and P.D. Harrison (eds.). 1983. [https://books.google.com/books?id=AgQHz53Sh48C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Pulltrouser+Swamp:+Ancient+Maya+Habitat,+Agriculture,+and+Settlement+in+Northern+Belize&hl=en&ei=17nbTKi_PIievgP5jpzUCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Pulltrouser Swamp: Ancient Maya Habitat, Agriculture, and Settlement in Northern Belize]. Austin: University of Texas Press. [Reprinted 2000, University of Utah Press: Salt Lake City]
• Turner, B.L. II and S. B. Brush (eds.) 1987. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Xl6YTPrWY2cC&lpg=PP1&dq=Comparative%20Farming%20Systems&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false Comparative Farming Systems]. New York: Guilford Press.
• Turner, B.L. II, W.C. Clark, R.W. Kates, J.F. Richards, J.T. Mathews, and W.B. Meyer (eds.) 1990. The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). [National Academy of Science Science Classic]
• Turner B.L. II, G. Hyden and R.W. Kates (eds.). 1993. Population Growth and Agricultural Change in Africa. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
• Turner, B.L. II and W.B. Mayer. 1994. Changes in Land Use and Land Cover: A Global Perspective. Cambridge University Press.
• Turner, B.L. II, A. G. Sal, F. Bernáldez, and F. di Castri (eds.). 1995. Global Land-Use Change: A Perspective from the Columbian Encounter. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
• Kasperson J.X., R. E. Kasperson and B. L. Turner II (eds.). 1995. Regions at Risk: Comparisons of Threatened Environments. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.
• Whitmore T.M. and B.L. Turner II. 2001. Cultivated Landscapes of Native Middle America on the Eve of Conquest. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Steffen W., A. Sanderson, P. Tyson, J. Jäger. P. Matson, B. Moore III, F. Oldfield, K. Richardson, H-J. Schellnhuber, B. L. Turner II, and R. Wasson. 2004. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100429221255/http://www.igbp.net/documents/IGBP_ExecSummary.pdf Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet under Pressure]. IGBP Global Change Series. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
• Turner, B. L. II, J.Geoghegan and D.R. Foster. 2004. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ztgmHrA8dMwC&lpg=PP1&ots=xCQLaVrhvA&dq=Integrated%20Land-Change%20Science%20and%20Tropical%20Deforestation%20in%20the%20Southern%20Yucat%C3%A1n%3A%20Final%20Frontiers&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false Integrated Land-Change Science and Tropical Deforestation in the Southern Yucatán: Final Frontiers]. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Gutman G., A. Janetos, C. Justice, E. Moran, J. Mustard, R. Rindfuss, D. Skole and B. L. Turner II (eds.). 2004. [https://books.google.com/books?id=py4wBhsJ13cC&lpg=PP1&ots=nxclzit9Yn&dq=Land%20Change%20Science%3A%20Observing%2C%20Monitoring%2C%20and%20Understanding%20Trajectories%20of%20Change%20on%20the%20Earth's%20Surface&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false Land Change Science: Observing, Monitoring, and Understanding Trajectories of Change on the Earth's Surface]. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

• Turner, B. L. II. 1974. Prehistoric Intensive Agriculture in the Mayan Lowlands. Science, 185(4146): 118-124.
• Turner, B. L. II and P.D. Harrison. 1981. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110723205839/http://www.mexicauprising.net/MayaRaisedFarming.pdf Prehistoric Raised-Field Agriculture in the Maya Lowlands]. Science, 213(4506): 399-405.
• Turner, B.L. II and T.M. Whitmore. 1992. Landscapes of Cultivation in Mesoamerica on the Eve of the Conquest. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 82(3): 402-425.
• Turner, B.L. II and A. M. Shajaat Ali. 1996. Induced intensification: Agricultural change in Bangladesh with implications for Malthus and Boserup. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93(25): 14984–14991.
• Lambin E.F., B. L. Turner II, H. Geist, S. Agbola, A. Angelsen, J. W. Bruce, O. Coomes, R. Dirzo, G. Fischer, C. Folke, P. S. George, K. Homewood, J. Imbernon, R. Leemans, X. Li, E. F. Moran, M. Mortimore, P.S. Ramakrishnan, J. F. Richards, H. Skånes, W. Steffen, G. D. Stone, U. Svedin, T. Veldkamp, C. Vogel, and J. Xu. 2001. The Causes of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change—Moving Beyond the Myths. Global Environmental Change: Human and Policy Dimensions 11: 5-13.
• Rindfuss R. R., Stephen J. Walsh, B. L. Turner II, Jefferson Fox, and Vinod Mishra. 2004. Developing a Science of Land Change: Challenges and Methodological Issues. Proceedings, National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(39) 13976-13981.
• Reynolds J.F., D.M. Stafford Smith, E. F. Lambin, B. L. Turner, II, M. Mortimore, S. P. Batterbury, T. E. Downing, H. Dowlatabadi, R. J. Fernandez, J. E. Herrick, E. Huber-Sannvald, R. Leemans, T. Lynam, F. Mestre, M. Ayarza, and B Walker. 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110723121111/http://www.european-desertnet.net/docs/Reynolds_et_al_GlobalDesertificationScience_reprint_316_5826_847.pdf Global Desertification: Building a Science for Dryland Development]. Science 316: 847-851.

References

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080404203942/http://www.stetson.edu/artsci/cape/Honors/turner.htm Netting Award citation]
• Article in Nature, April 10 2008

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