| 词条 | Bir Tawil |
| 释义 |
|name = Bir Tawil |other_name = |native_name = {{lang|ar|بير طويل}} |nickname = |settlement_type = Unclaimed land |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Egypt#Sudan |pushpin_label_position = bottom |pushpin_mapsize = 300 |pushpin_map_caption = Location between Egypt and Sudan |pushpin_map_alt = Neither Egypt nor Sudan claim Bir Tawil, which is located between the two countries. |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = None |subdivision_type1 = |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = metric |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 2060 |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of = 2018 |population_footnotes = |population_note = No permanent populations. |population_total = 0 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|21|52|9|N|33|44|52|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |footnotes = |image_flag = |leader_title = |leader_name = |government_type = }} Bir Tawil or Bi'r Tawīl ({{Lang-arz|بير طويل}} {{transl|arz|Bīr Ṭawīl}} {{IPA-arz|biːɾ tˤɑˈwiːl|}} or {{lang|ar|بئر طويل}} {{transl|ar|Bi’r Ṭawīl}}, meaning "tall water well") is a {{convert|2060|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} area along the border between Egypt and Sudan, which is uninhabited and claimed by neither country. When spoken of in association with the neighbouring Hala'ib Triangle, it is sometimes referred to as the Bir Tawil Triangle, despite the area's quadrilateral shape; the two "triangles" border at a quadripoint. Its terra nullius status results from a discrepancy between the straight political boundary between Egypt and Sudan established in 1899, and the irregular administrative boundary established in 1902. Egypt asserts the political boundary, and Sudan asserts the administrative boundary, with the result that the Hala'ib Triangle is claimed by both and Bir Tawil by neither. In 2014, author Alastair Bonnett described Bir Tawil as the only place on Earth that was habitable but was not claimed by any recognised government.[2] HistoryIn 1899, when the United Kingdom held authority in the area, the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreement for Sudan set the border between the territories at the 22nd parallel. However, in 1902 the UK drew a separate "administrative boundary", intended to reflect the actual use of the land by the tribes in the region. Bir Tawil was grazing land used by the Ababda tribe based near Aswan, and thus was placed under Egyptian administration from Cairo. Similarly, the Hala'ib Triangle to the northeast was placed under the British governor of Sudan, because its inhabitants were culturally closer to Khartoum. Egypt claims the original border from 1899, the 22nd parallel, which would place the Hala'ib Triangle within Egypt and the Bir Tawil area within Sudan. Sudan, however, claims the administrative border of 1902, which would put Hala'ib within Sudan, and Bir Tawil within Egypt. As a result, both states claim the Hala'ib Triangle and neither claims the much less valuable Bir Tawil area, which is only a tenth the size, and has no permanent settlements or access to the sea. There is no basis in international law for either Sudan or Egypt to claim both territories, and neither nation is willing to cede Hala'ib. With no third state claiming the neglected area, Bir Tawil is one of the few land areas of the world not claimed by any recognised state. Egypt arguably still administers the territory, but it is not marked as Egyptian on government maps.[3][4] GeographyBir Tawil is {{convert|2060|km2|0|abbr=on}} in size. The length of its northern and southern borders are {{convert|95|km|mi}} and {{convert|46|km|mi}} respectively; the length of its eastern and western borders are {{convert|26|km|mi}} and {{convert|49|km|mi}} respectively. In the north of the area is the mountain Jabal Tawil ({{lang|ar|جبل طويل}}), located at {{Coord|21|57|56|N|33|48|05|E|name=Jabal Tawil}}, with a height of {{convert|459|m|ft}}. In the east is Jebel Hagar ez Zarqa, with a height of {{convert|662|m|ft}}. In the south is the Wadi Tawil ({{lang|ar|وادي طويل}}), also called Khawr Abū Bard, located at {{Coord|21|49|25|N|33|43|42|E|name=Wadi Tawil}}. There are a few streams in Bir Tawil, which originate in the Lake Nasser. ClimateBir Tawil's climate is, according to the Köppen climate classification, a BWh hot, arid desert. During the summer months, approximately three-quarters of the year, temperatures can soar up to {{convert|40|C}} or more, while its hottest three months (June-August) can see it as high as {{convert|45|C|F}}. During the brief winters, however (December and January being its mildest months), Bir Tawil can experience milder temperatures with {{convert|26|C}} as its usual temperature peak. Considering the fact that the territory is very far from the ocean (being at least {{cvt|200|km}} away, the nearest being the Red Sea), the diurnal temperature range throughout the region is extremely drastic; varying from {{convert|18|to|20|C}} degrees year-round. For instance, in its coldest month of January, the area could see a warm temperature of {{cvt|26|C}} at daytime, and a rather chilly {{cvt|9|C}} by night. This goes the same to its other months, as the range doesn't differ from season.[5] ClaimsDue to its status as de jure unclaimed territory, multiple individuals and organizations have attempted to claim Bir Tawil as a micronation. For instance, an American claimed it in 2014 as the Kingdom of North Sudan so he could make his daughter a princess. However, none has been taken seriously by the international community, and due to the remoteness and hostile climate of the region, the vast majority of these claims have been by declarations posted online from other locations. None of these claims, or any others, have been recognized, officially or otherwise, by any government or international organization.[6][7] See also
References1. ^ {{refimprove|date=December 2013}}2. ^{{cite book|last=Bonnett |first=Alastair |title=Unruly Places: Lost Spaces, Secret Cities and Other Inscrutable Geographies |chapter=Bir Tawil |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9eNJAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA73 |date=2014 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |isbn=978-0-544-10160-9 |page=73 |oclc=890509603 |lccn=2013050983 |quote=the only place on the planet that is both habitable and unclaimed.}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mcit.gov.eg/images/maps/Intl_Boundaries_map1.jpg |title=Official version of map of Egypt |date= |accessdate=2017-03-05}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=CIA World Factbook 2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pqanFyF6nI0C&pg=PA209|year=2010|publisher=CIA|chapter=Egypt}} 5. ^[https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/21.815N33.856E "Climate: Bir Tawil] 6. ^{{cite news| last1=Shenker |first1=Jack |title=Welcome to the land that no country wants |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/03/welcome-to-the-land-that-no-country-wants-bir-tawil |accessdate=3 March 2016 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=3 March 2016}} 7. ^{{cite news |last=Liston |first=Enjoli |date=16 July 2014 |title=American plans to use his piece of Africa for advancement of science |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/16/american-claim-africa-science-jeremiah-heaton-egypt-sudan |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |accessdate=16 Oct 2017}} External links{{commons category|Bir Tawil}}{{Wikivoyage}}
3 : Egypt–Sudan border|Territorial disputes of Egypt|Territorial disputes of Sudan |
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