| 词条 | Biryulka |
| 释义 |
|en_name=Biryulka |ru_name=Бирюлька |image_skyline |image_caption |coordinates = {{coord|53|50|21|N|106|23|39|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=top |federal_subject=Irkutsk Oblast |federal_subject_ref |adm_data_as_of=2011 |adm_district_jur=Kachugsky District |adm_district_jur_ref=[1] |inhabloc_cat=Rural locality |inhabloc_cat_ref=[1] |inhabloc_type=Selo |inhabloc_type_ref=[1] |mun_data_as_of=December 2004 |mun_district_jur=Kachugsky Municipal District |mun_district_jur_ref=[2] |rural_settlement_jur=Biryulskoye Rural Settlement |rural_settlement_jur_ref=[2] |mun_admctr_of=Biryulskoye Rural Settlement |mun_admctr_of_ref=[2] |area_of_what |area_as_of |area_km2 |area_km2_ref |pop_2010census= |pop_2010census_ref= |pop_latest |pop_latest_date |pop_latest_ref |established_date=1668 |established_title |established_date_ref=[3] |current_cat_date |current_cat_date_ref |prev_name1 |prev_name1_date |prev_name1_ref |postal_codes=666220 |postal_codes_ref=[4] |dialing_codes=39540 |dialing_codes_ref=[5] |website |website_ref |commonscat= |date=September 2012 }}{{stack|{{Infobox bridge |bridge_name=Ice bridge in the selo of Biryulka {{lang|ru|Ледовая переправа через Лену в селе Бирюлька}} |native_name= |native_name_lang= |image= |image_size= |alt= |caption= |official_name= |other_name= |carries=Automotive, foot |crosses=Lena River |locale=Biryulka, Kachugsky District, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia |maint= |id= |designer= |design=Ice platform[10] |material=Ice[10] |spans= |pierswater=0[10] |mainspan= |length= |width= |height= |load=20 tonnes[10] |clearance=0[10] |below= |traffic= |builder= |begin= |complete= |open=Every winter[10] |preceded= |followed= |heritage= |collapsed= |closed=Every spring |toll= |map_cue= |map_image= |map_alt= |map_text= |map_width= |coordinates= |lat= |long= |extra= }}{{Lena River from a source to Kachug|collapse=no}} }} Biryulka ({{lang-ru|Бирю́лька}}) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kachugsky District of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Lena River near its headwaters northwest of Lake Baikal. EtymologyBiryulka is named after the small Bira River, the name of which in turn comes from an Evenk word. HistoryIn 1688, sixteen peasant families settled here.[3] The founders were Stepan Alexandrovich and Mikhail Kostyakov. The Yakutsk stavlenik Onichkov allocated them an average of {{convert|1|arpent}} per family. It seems that seven of these families were exiles and nine were of freed serfs. The population increased quickly through natural increase and immigration. Other villages developed in the area around Biryulka. Biryulskaya Volost, subordinate to Yakutsk, was eventually established.[3] In 1696, the inhabitants of Biryulka staged a revolt led by Pavel Khaletsky.[6] At the beginning of the 20th century, well-known archeologist Alexey Okladnikov went to school here, but later moved to the selo of Anga where he finished secondary school in 1925.[6][7] One of the streets in Biryulka is named after him. One of the battles of the Great Siberian Ice March, a retreat of the White Army east across Lake Baikal, took place near Biryulka in 1920.[8] A number of inhabitants were arrested during the Great Purge.[9] PoliticsMunicipally, Biryulka is the administrative center of the Biryulskoye Rural Settlement in Kachugsky Municipal District, the head of which is Tatyana Sergeyeva, of the United Russia party who was elected in October 2009.[10]Economy and infrastructureBiryulka is well known for the manufacture of shallow-draft river boats called shitiks, which have been used on the upper Lena for centuries.[11] Near Biryulka is the archaeological site of Mokrushinsky burial ground. Work has been conducted since the 1980s, in part by students and archeologists.[12] In 2006, a volunteer fire department was organized with its own fire-engine and a water tower.[13] In winter, there is a winter road with an ice-bridge across the Lena River. This is the uppermost crossing of the Lena.[14] References1. ^1 2 {{OKATOReference|25 218 807}} 2. ^1 2 Law #71-oz 3. ^1 2 Энциклопедия «Качугский район от А до Я» {{ru icon}} 4. ^Russian Post. Biryulka {{ru icon}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.komandirovka.ru/cities/biryulka_irk._obl./|title=Главная /Россия /Бирюлька, Ирк. обл. /|publisher=komandirovka.ru|accessdate=2009-11-08}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Larichev|first=V.|year=1998|script-title=ru:Объять необъятное!|journal="Наука в Сибири"|language=Russian|url=http://www.nsc.ru/win/sbras/dates/okladnikov.html|accessdate=September 19, 2012}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=11590|script-title=ru:Окладников Алексей Павлович|work=warheroes.ru/|language=Russian|accessdate=September 19, 2012}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://east-front.narod.ru/memo/barnaulets.htm|script-title=ru:Ледяной поход 3-го Барнаульского стрелкового полка (Северный путь)|publisher=Тернистый путь. Однодневная газета. 1 февраля 1921 г. Издание Владивостокского объединенного комитета по устройству недели каппелевцев|language=Russian|accessdate=September 19, 2012}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://lists.memo.ru/d30/f63.htm|script-title=ru:Списки жертв|publisher=memo.ru|language=Russian|accessdate=2009-11-09}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.38rus.com/more.php?UID=6617|script-title=ru:В Бирюльке появилась своя дума|date=2009-10-14|work=Politic|publisher=Independent news agency - Baikal|language=Russian|accessdate=September 19, 2012|location=Irkutsk, Russia}} 11. ^{{cite journal|last=Ivanova|first=Maria|year=2007|script-title=ru:Реа Лена: От истока до устья|journal=Якутск вечерний|language=Russian|url=http://vecher.ykt.ru/article.asp?id=3151|accessdate=2009-11-04}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://sutur.irk.ru/2003/archeol/anal.php|script-title=ru:Археологическое объединение учащихся ЦДЮТиК|year=2003|publisher=ЦДЮТиК|language=Russian|accessdate=2009-11-09|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009125927/http://sutur.irk.ru/2003/archeol/anal.php|archivedate=2011-10-09|df=}} 13. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.0-1.ru/default.asp?id=17213|script-title=ru:Добровольно вызвались идти в огонь|date=2007-06-17|work=News and Events|publisher=0-1.ru|language=Russian|accessdate=2009-11-08|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902193111/http://www.0-1.ru/default.asp?id=17213|archivedate=2011-09-02|df=}} 14. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news|url=http://www.regions.ru/news/1943090/|script-title=ru:В Качугском районе открылись ледовые переправы через р.Лену|date=2006-12-11|work=Transport|publisher=Federation news|language=Russian|accessdate=2009-11-09}} External links
|structure=Bridges |place=Lena River |bridge=Ice bridge in the village of Biryulka |bridge signs= |upstream=None |upstream signs= |downstream=Bolshiye Goly ferry (1899-1934), Kachug Bridge |downstream signs= }}{{Shipbuilding and shipping on the Lena River}} 4 : Rural localities in Irkutsk Oblast|Populated places established in 1668|1668 establishments in Russia|Irkutsk Governorate |
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