| 词条 | Harewood House |
| 释义 |
| name = Harewood House | former_names = | alternate_names = | status = | image = Harewood House, seen from the garden.JPG | image_alt = | image_size = | caption = Harewood House from the garden | building_type = Stately home | architectural_style = Palladian | structural_system = | material = | cost = | ren_cost = | client = Edwin Lascelles, 1st Baron Harewood | owner = Harewood House Trust | current_tenants = Lascelles family | location = Harewood, Leeds, England | address = | location_town = | location_country = | coordinates = {{coord|53|53|48|N|1|31|42|W|region:GB-LDS_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}} | start_date = 1759 | completion_date = 1771 | renovation_date = | height = | floor_count = | floor_area = | grounds_area = | architect = {{Plainlist|
}} | architecture_firm = | structural_engineer = | services_engineer = | civil_engineer = | other_designers = | quantity_surveyor = | main_contractor = | designations = Grade I listed | ren_architect = | ren_firm = | ren_str_engineer = | ren_serv_engineer = | ren_civ_engineer = | ren_oth_designers = | ren_qty_surveyor = | ren_awards = | rooms = | website = {{URL|http://www.harewood.org}} }} Harewood House ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɑ:r|w|ʊ|d}} {{respell|HAR|wuud}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɛər|-}} {{respell|HAIR|-}}){{#tag:ref|There is debate as to the exact pronunciation of the word 'Harewood'. In the 18th century, the customary pronunciation (and spelling) was Harwood and this pronunciation for both house and title is used by Harewood House and the Earl of Harewood. The pronunciation "hairwood" is generally used for the village.|group= n}}[1] is a country house in Harewood near Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Designed by architects John Carr and Robert Adam, it was built, between 1759 and 1771, for wealthy plantation and slave owner Edwin Lascelles, 1st Baron Harewood. The landscape was designed by Lancelot "Capability" Brown and spans {{convert|1000|acre}} at Harewood. Still home to the Lascelles family, Harewood House is a member of the Treasure Houses of England, a marketing consortium for ten of the foremost historic homes in the country. The house is a Grade I listed building and a number of features in the grounds and courtyard have been listed as Grade I, II and II*. HistoryThe Lascelles family claim to have arrived in England with William the Conqueror, during the Norman Conquest of England. The family had settled in Yorkshire by 1315 as the "de Lascelles". Prosperous members of the county gentry, the Lascelles served as members of parliament and held prominent military positions. In the late seventeenth century the family purchased plantations in the West Indies, and the income generated allowed Henry Lascelles to purchase the estate in 1738; his son, Edwin Lascelles, 1st Baron Harewood, who was a wealthy plantation and slave owner,[2] built the house between 1759 and 1771.[3] Edwin initially employed the services of John Carr, an architect practising in the north of England and previously employed by a number of prominent Yorkshire families to design their new country houses. The foundations were laid in 1759, with the house being largely complete by 1765. The fashionable Robert Adam submitted designs for the interiors, which were approved in 1765. Adam made a number of minor alterations to Carr's designs for the exterior of the building, including internal courtyards.[3] The house remained largely untouched until the 1840s when Sir Charles Barry was employed by the Henry Lascelles, 3rd Earl of Harewood, the father of thirteen children, to increase the accommodation. Barry added second storeys to each of the flanking wings to provide extra bedrooms, removed the south portico and created formal parterres and terraces.[3] Recent historyIn 1922, Henry Lascelles, Viscount Lascelles married Mary, Princess Royal, the only daughter of George V. Initially living in the nearby Goldsborough Hall, the couple moved permanently into Harewood House at the death of Henry's father in 1929.[3] The house is the family seat of the Lascelles family, and home of David Lascelles, the eighth Earl.[3] The house and grounds have been transferred into a trust ownership structure managed by Harewood House Trust and are open to the public for most of the year. Harewood won a Large Visitor Attraction of the Year award in the 2009 national Excellence in England awards.[4] Harewood houses a collection of paintings by masters of the Italian Renaissance, family portraits by Sir Joshua Reynolds, John Hoppner and Sir Thomas Lawrence, and modern art collected by the 7th Earl and Countess. Changing temporary exhibitions are held each season in the Terrace Gallery. Catering facilities in the house include Michelin-starred fine dining.[5] As well as tours of the house and grounds, Harewood has more than {{convert|100|acre}} of gardens, including a Himalayan garden and its stupa, an educational bird garden, an adventure playground and the historic All Saints' Church with its alabaster tombs. From May 2007 to October 2008 the grounds contained Yorkshire's first planetarium, the Yorkshire Planetarium.[6] The Leeds Country Way passes through the Harewood Estate, to the south of the house and lake, as does the route of The White Rose Way. Popular cultureArtist J. M. W. Turner visited the house and painted the outdoor landscape in watercolour.{{when|date=February 2019}} Rock musician Elton John has performed a concert on the grounds.{{when|date=February 2019}} The house was used as a filming location for the 1991 comedy film King Ralph.[7] Since 1996, part of the estate has been developed as the village in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale, which had been based in two different Yorkshire villages since its inception 24 years earlier. The popular show Victoria from ITV starring Jenna Coleman and Tom Hughes has filmed at Harewood House.[8] On 1 July 2006, Irish vocal pop band Westlife held a concert for their Face to Face Tour supporting their album Face to Face. Harewood House was used as a filming location for the upcoming Downton Abbey film in November 2018.{{fact|date=November 2018}} The house was the location for BBC's Mary Berry's Country House at Christmas with Mary Berry, broadcast on Christmas Day 2018.[9] Harewood Bird Garden & Farm Experience{{Infobox zoo|zoo_name= Harewood Bird Garden & Farm Experience |image= |image_width= |image_caption= |date_opened=March 1970 |location=Harewood House, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England |coordinates= |num_animals= |num_species= |members=BIAZA,[10] |exhibits=Small collection of exotic birds and farm animals |website={{URL|www.harewood.org/grounds/grounds-bird-garden}} }} The Bird Garden at Harewood House has a small collection of exotic Bird species, of which more than 5 are listed as vulnerable or endangered by the IUCN. It is a member of the British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums (BIAZA). Birds that can be seen in the garden include Humboldt penguins, Chilean flamingos, Duyvenbode's lories and macaws. GalleryNotes1. ^{{cite news |last1=Lyall |first1=Sarah |title=Great Brington Journal; Why Can't the English . . . ? It's Pronounced Clahss |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/31/world/great-brington-journal-why-can-t-the-english-it-s-pronounced-clahss.html |accessdate=28 September 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=31 March 2000}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_03.shtml|title=History - British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|publisher=BBC|accessdate=15 February 2019}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|title=Architecture of England, Scotland, and Wales|last=Jones|first=Nigel R.|pages=133–135|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2005|location=Westwood, CT, USA|isbn=0313318506}} 4. ^Harewood House website. Harewood Card Newsletter. Autumn/Winter 2003-04 Harewood.org. Retrieved 1 December 2006. 5. ^"Michelin star restaurant moves into stately home to offer tasty posh nosh", Yorkshire Evening Post. Retrieved 2 August 2013 6. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/leeds-planetarium-a-meteoric-failure-1-2240476|title=Leeds planetarium - a meteoric failure|accessdate=31 March 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.british-film-locations.com/King-Ralph-1991 |title=Where was King Ralph filmed? |publisher=British Film Locations |accessdate=31 October 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0068069/locations|title=Emmerdale (TV Series 1972– )|publisher=|accessdate=31 December 2018|via=www.imdb.com}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0bwddm6|title=BBC Two - Mary Berry's Country House at Christmas|website=BBC|accessdate=31 December 2018}} 10. ^{{ZooOrg|biaza|zoos|accessdate=26 July 2012}} References{{reflist}}External links
13 : Houses completed in 1771|Gardens in West Yorkshire|English Landscape Garden style|Grade I listed buildings in West Yorkshire|Grade I listed houses|Country houses in West Yorkshire|Tourist attractions in Leeds|Bird parks|Historic house museums in West Yorkshire|Landscape design history of England|Lascelles family|Gardens by Capability Brown|Charles Barry buildings |
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