| 词条 | Bisitun Cave |
| 释义 |
| name = Bisitun Cave | native_name = | alternate_name = | image = Bisitun cave-Coon 1951.jpg | alt = Bisitun Cave | caption = excavations in 1949 | image_size = 240 | map_type =Iran | map_alt = Bisitun Cave | map_caption = location in Iran | map_size = 240 | relief = yes | coordinates = {{coord|34|23|26|N|47|26|13|E|display=inline,title}} | location = Kermanshah province | region = Iran | type = | part_of = | length = | width = | area = | height = | depth = | builder = | material = | built = | abandoned = | epochs = Middle Paleolithic | cultures =Mousterian | dependency_of = | occupants = | event = | excavations = | archaeologists = | condition = | ownership = | management = | public_access = | website = | notes = }}Bisitun Cave (also called "Hunter's cave", Bisotun [Farsi], Bisetoun [Kurdish], Bisitoun, or Behistoun) is an archaeological site of prehistoric human habitation in the Zagros Mountains in the Kermanshah province, north-west Iran. Bisitun Cave is one of five caves situated at the base of The Rock of Bisitun, a 1300m high cliff within the Chamchamal Plain.[1] It was first excavated in 1949 by Carlton Coon, and is notable for the discovery of Mousterian stone tools of the Middle Paleolithic, as well as the remains of 109 identifiable species of Pleistocene mammals, and hominid remains.[1][2] Dibble described the stone tools as having strong Levallois components. All artefacts are apparently from the same period. It has not been possible to discern a geological age of the Middle Paleolithic levels at Bisitun Cave. However, the relative abundance of Cervus in the deposits suggests a nearby woodland, and such vegetation is indicative of a warmer later Pleistocene phase. In Southwestern Asia in general, the Middle Paleolithic falls between the Later Middle Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stage 6/7) and the middle of the Last Glacial (mid Marine Isotope Stage-3). Therefore the age of Bisitun Cave is likely to fall within this period also.[2] Hominin remainsCoon described two hominid remains from the site, a maxilliary upper incisor and a radius shaft fragment, both from a Layer designated F+. These remains were listed by never described fully for the palaeontological community. When they were finally revisited four decades later, and the incisor was found to be bovid in origin, rather than hominin.[2] The radius fragment was found to show Neanderthal affinities, as it is mediolaterally expanded at the interosseus crest. Metrically, it is outside the range of variation of early anatomically modern humans, but in the range of Neanderthals and early Upper Paleolithic humans.{{contradiction-inline|reason= "Early Upper Palaeolithic humans" were anatomically modern humans, yet the same sentence claims the bones are outside AMH range|date=February 2017}} The radius fragment also showed signs of scavenging carnivores or rodents, such as jackal and fox, the remains of which were also found at the site. See also
References1. ^{{Cite journal | last = Dibble | first = HL | title = The Mousterian Industry from Bisitun Cave (Iran) | journal = Paléorient | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | year = 1984 | pages = 23–34 | doi = 10.3406/paleo.1984.937 | url = http://www.oldstoneage.com/pubs/HLD/bisrpt.pdf | accessdate = December 1, 2012 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120305174222/http://www.oldstoneage.com/pubs/HLD/bisrpt.pdf | archivedate = March 5, 2012 | df = }} 2. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal | last1 = Trinkaus | first = E | last2 = Biglari | first2 = F | title = Middle Paleolithic Human Remains from Bisitun Cave, Iran | journal = Paléorient | year = 2006 | volume = 32 | issue = 2 | pages = 105–11 | doi = 10.3406/paleo.2006.5192 | url = https://u-bordeaux1.academia.edu/FereidounBiglari/Papers/157200/Trinkaus_E_and_F._Biglari_2006_Middle_Paleolithic_Human_Remains_from_Bisitun_Cave_Iran_Paleorient_32.2_105-1 | accessdate = December 1, 2012}} Further reading
5 : Archaeological sites in Iran|Caves of Iran|Tourism in Iran|Neanderthal sites|Landforms of Kermanshah Province |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。