| 词条 | BL 12-pounder 6 cwt gun |
| 释义 |
| name = Ordnance BL 12-pounder 6 cwt | image = BL12pdr6cwtSecondBoerWar.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = On the parade ground circa. 1897 | origin = United Kingdom | type = Light field gun | is_ranged = yes | is_artillery = yes | is_UK = yes | service = 1894–1916 | used_by = British Empire | wars = Second Boer War World War I | designer = | design_date = | manufacturer = | unit_cost = | production_date = | number = | variants = | weight = Mk IV : {{convert|656|lb|kg}} (barrel & breech), {{convert|2008|lb|kg}} (total)[1] | length = | part_length = Mk I : Bore {{convert|59|in|mm|sigfig=4}};[2] Mk IV : Bore {{convert|66|in|mm|sigfig=4}}, total {{convert|71.05|in|mm|sigfig=4}}[1] | width = | height = | crew = | caliber = {{convert|3|in|mm|sing=on|sigfig=3}} | cartridge = Separate loading BL, {{convert|12.5|lb|kg|sigfig=3}} Shrapnel | action = | rate = 7-8 rounds/minute[3] | velocity = {{convert|1585|ft/s|m/s}}[1] | max_range = 3700 yds (No. 56 Fuze, Time setting) 5800 yds (No. 57 Fuze, Time setting) 5400 yds (No. 56 Fuze, Percussion setting)[4] | feed = | sights = | breech = | recoil = | carriage = | elevation = -8° - 16°[1] | traverse = nil }} The Ordnance BL 12-pounder 6 cwt[5] was a lighter version of the British 12-pounder 7 cwt gun, used by the Royal Horse Artillery in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. HistoryProblems arose when the standard BL 12-pounder 7 cwt gun was used in the great Indian cavalry manoeuvres of 1891. The carriage was found to be too complicated, and dust caused the metal surfaces of the axle traversing device to seize.[6] It also proved too heavy for horse artillery, which was intended to support cavalry in battle, to manoeuvre. The 12-pounder 6 cwt gun was therefore developed in 1892, when the new more powerful cordite replaced gunpowder, as a lighter version of the BL 12-pounder 7 cwt gun. It had a barrel {{convert|18|in|mm}} shorter, on a lighter and simpler carriage, and it entered service in 1894. In 1899 a primitive recoil-absorbing system was added. The weapon was made obsolete in British service by the acquisition of the modern quick-firing Ehrhardt QF 15-pounder in 1901, and was replaced by that and later by the QF 13-pounder from 1905. The early No. 56 Fuze burned too fast, a maximum of only 13 seconds, and hence could only be time set for a maximum range of 3700 yards. The No. 57 "Blue" Fuze was introduced during the Boer war. It had a slower burning powder train and hence could be time set for ranges up to 5800 yards. A maximum range of 6000 yards was quoted in use in the First World War.[7] {{clearleft}}Combat useSecond Boer WarThe gun was used by the Royal Horse Artillery, and together with the BL 15-pounder, it provided the main British firepower. Eighteen guns were also used by the Royal Canadian Artillery in this war.[8] A total of 78 guns fired 36,161 shells.[9] World War IA battery of 6 guns served in the East African Campaign as the 8th Field Battery. It arrived with the Calcutta Artillery Volunteers in October 1914, and the guns were towed by teams of oxen.[10] See also
Surviving examples
Notes1. ^1 2 3 Hogg & Thurston 1972, page 52 2. ^Text Book of Gunnery 1902, Table XII, Page 336 3. ^Hall, June 1971 4. ^Hall, June 1971. 5. ^British military traditionally denoted smaller ordnance by the weight of its standard projectile, in this case approximately {{convert|12|lb|kg}}. "6 cwt" referred to the weight of the gun and barrel to differentiate it from other "12-pounder" guns. One hundredweight (cwt) is {{convert|112|lb|kg}}, so the total weight was {{convert|672|lb|kg}} 6. ^Hall, December 1972 7. ^Hogg & Thurston 1972 8. ^Canada & The South African War, 1899–1902. Units. Brigade Division, Royal Canadian Field Artillery {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505140241/http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/boer/royalcanadianartillery_e.html |date=2008-05-05 }} 9. ^Appendices 28 and 29 of the Royal Commission on the War in South Africa 10. ^Farndale 1988, page 316 References{{Reflist|2}}Bibliography
External links{{Commons category|BL 12 pounder 6 cwt Gun}}
5 : Artillery of the United Kingdom|Field guns|World War I guns|World War I artillery of the United Kingdom|76 mm artillery |
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