| 词条 | Harold Auten |
| 释义 |
|name= Harold Auten |image= Victoria Cross Medal without Bar.png |image_size= 130 |caption= |birth_date= {{birth date|df=y|1891|8|22}} |death_date= {{death date and age|df=y|1964|10|3|1891|8|22}} |birth_place= Leatherhead, Surrey |death_place= Bushkill, Pennsylvania |placeofburial= Sandhill Cemetery, Bushkill |nickname= |allegiance= {{flag|United Kingdom}} |branch= {{navy|United Kingdom}} |serviceyears= 1910–1945 |rank= Commander|commands= |unit= |battles= First World War Second World War |awards= Victoria Cross Distinguished Service Cross Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Reserve Legion of Merit (United States) Order of Orange-Nassau (Netherlands) |laterwork= Movie executive }} Commander Harold Auten {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|VC|DSC|RD}} (22 August 1891 – 3 October 1964) was a Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) officer who was awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. A former pupil of Wilson's School, Wallington, London, Auten had joined the RNR before the outbreak of the First World War during which he served in Q-ships. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1917[1] and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross "for services in Vessels of the Royal Navy employed on Patrol and Escort duty" in that year.[2] VC actionHe was awarded the Victoria Cross in 1918[3] following an action when he was commanding a Q-ship, HMS Stock Force: {{quote|H.M.S. "Stock Force," under the command of Lieutenant Harold Auten, D.S.C., R.N.R., was torpedoed by an enemy submarine at 5 p.m. on the 30th July, 1918. The torpedo struck the ship abreast No. 1 hatch, entirely wrecking the fore part of the ship, including the bridge, and wounding three ratings. A tremendous shower of planks, unexploded shells, hatches and other debris followed the explosion, wounding the first lieutenant (Lieutenant E.J. Grey, R.N.R.) and the navigating officer (Lieutenant L.E. Workman, R.N.R.) and adding to the injuries of the foremost gun's crew and a number of other ratings. The ship settled down forward, flooding the foremost magazine and between decks to the depth of about three feet. "Panic party," in charge of Lieutenant Workman, R.N.R., immediately abandoned ship, and the wounded were removed to the lower deck, where the surgeon (Surgeon Probationer G.E. Strahan, R.N.V.R.), working up to his waist in water, attended to their injuries. The captain, two guns' crews and the engine-room staff remained at their posts.The submarine then came to the surface ahead of the ship half a mile distant, and remained there a quarter of an hour, apparently watching the ship for any doubtful movement. The "panic party" in the boat accordingly commenced to row back towards the ship in an endeavour to decoy the submarine within range of the hidden guns. The submarine followed, coming slowly down the port side of the "Stock Force," about three hundred yards away. Lieutenant Auten, however, withheld his fire until she was abeam, when both of his guns could bear. Fire was opened at 5.40 p.m.; the first shot carried away one of the periscopes, the second round hit the conning tower, blowing it away and throwing the occupant high into the air. The next round struck the submarine on the water-line, tearing her open and blowing out a number of the crew. The enemy then subsided several feet into the water and her bows rose. She thus presented a large and immobile target into which the "Stock Force" poured shell after shell until the submarine sank by the stern, leaving a quantity of debris on the water. During the whole of the action one man (Officer's Steward, 2nd Class, R.J. Starling) remained pinned down under the foremost gun after the explosion of the torpedo, and remained there cheerfully and without complaint, although the ship was apparently sinking, until the end of the action. The "Stock Force" was a vessel of 360 tons, and despite the severity of the shock sustained by the officers and men when she was torpedoed, and the fact that her bows were almost obliterated, she was kept afloat by the exertions of her ship's company until 9.25 p.m. She then sank with colours flying, and the officers and men were taken off by two torpedo boats and a trawler. The action was cited as one of the finest examples of coolness, discipline and good organisation in the history of "Q" ships.[4]}} (Note: the "panic party" was a group of the crew who would pretend to "abandon ship" when a Q-ship was attacked.) Later workHarold Auten wrote Q Boat Adventures, the first book on Q-ships[5] in 1919.[6] After the war he became an executive vice-president of the Rank Organisation in New York and lived for thirty years in Bushkill, Pennsylvania, where he owned a hotel and cinema.[7] However, he remained a member of the RNR and in 1941 he was awarded the Royal Naval Reserve Officers Decoration.[8] During World War II, he held the rank of Commander (later acting Captain) in the RNR and served as senior staff organizing trans-Atlantic convoys. He was made an Officer of the United States Legion of Merit "for distinguished service to the Allied cause throughout the war"[9] and a Commander of the Order of Orange-Nassau "for service to the Royal Netherlands Navy during the War".[10] He was a Younger Brother of Trinity House. The MedalHis Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Naval Museum, in Portsmouth, England. ReferencesNotes1. ^Supplement to the London Gazette, 4 September 1917 2. ^Supplement to the London Gazette, 6 April 1918 3. ^{{London Gazette|issue=30900|supp=y|page=10847|date=14 September 1918}} 4. ^{{London Gazette|issue=31021|supp=y|page=13695 |date=20 November 1918}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Auten|first=Harold|title="Q" boat adventures: the exploits of the famous mystery ships|year=1919|publisher=H. Jenkins|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EHlHAAAAIAAJ}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Ritchie|first=Carson|title=Q-ships|year=1985|publisher=Terence Dalton|location=Suffolk|isbn=0-86138-011-8|page=x}} 7. ^Biography at RoyalNavalMuseum.org 8. ^The London Gazette, 8 April 1941 9. ^Supplement to The London Gazette, 24 May 1946 10. ^The London Gazette, 13 January 1948 Bibliography
External links
12 : 1891 births|1964 deaths|People from Leatherhead|People educated at Wilson's School, Wallington|English emigrants to the United States|Royal Navy officers of World War I|Royal Navy officers of World War II|British World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross|Royal Navy recipients of the Victoria Cross|Officers of the Legion of Merit|Commanders of the Order of Orange-Nassau|Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom) |
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