| 词条 | Bluesky Formation |
| 释义 |
| name = Bluesky Formation | image = Bluesky_FM_sand.JPG | caption = Bluesky Sandstone | type = Geological formation | age = {{Fossil range|Albian|Albian|Lower Albian}} | prilithology = Sandstone | otherlithology = | namedfor = Bluesky, Alberta | namedby = Peter C. Badgley, 1952 | region = Western Alberta | country = {{flag|Canada}} | coordinates = {{coord|56.0442|N|118.1274|W|name=Bluesky Formation|display=inline}} | unitof = Fort St. John Group | subunits = | underlies = Wilrich Member | overlies = Gething Formation | thickness = up to {{convert|46|m|ft|-1}}[1] | extent = | area = | map = | map_caption = }} The Bluesky Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Lower Cretaceous age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It takes the name from the hamlet of Bluesky, and was first described in Shell's Bluesky No. 1 well by Badgley in 1952.[2] Lithology and Depositional EnvironmentThe formation is composed of mudstones, conglomerates and sandstones which can be quartzose or contain chert grains.[1] Many of the Bluesky sandstones do not display bedding features although some low and moderate-angle large scale cross-bedding has been observed in some sections.[3] The sediments were deposited in both marginally marine nearshore and fully marine offshore settings following a transgression of the ancient Moosebar Sea.[4] Bluesky sediments are separated from Gething strata by a scoured or loaded contact and occasionally by a burrowed Glossifungites surface.[3] The Bluesky Formation can be very porous and produces hydrocarbons in many areas across Western Canada.[5] Heavy oil is produced from the Bluesky formation in the Peace River area. DistributionThe Bluesky Formation reaches a thickness of {{convert|46|m|ft|sp=us}} in the Pouce Coupe area, and thins out toward north and west. Thin sands can be found in the Peace River area. Relationship with other unitsAlthough some early workers included the Bluesky Formation in the Bullhead Group, it is usually classified as the basal unit of the Fort St. John Group.[6] It is conformably overlain by the Wilrich Member of the Spirit River Formation and conformably underlain by the Gething Formation. Northeast of the town of Peace River it was deposited unconformably on Mississippian limestone. It is equivalent with the Glauconitic Sandstone of the Mannville Group in central and southern Alberta, as well as with the Wabiskaw Member of the Clearwater Formation in the eastern part of northern Alberta. Bitumen DepositsThe Bluesky deposit of bitumen comes from the "clean estuarine reservoir sands of the Cretaceous-age Bluesky Formation" in the Peace River. Secondary production area is the Gething Formation. The combined Bluesky-Gething deposit is the primary target area for oil sands development in the Peace River area. There is a reservoir at about {{convert|600|m|abbr=on}}–{{convert|700|m|abbr=on}} below the surface. Heavy oil in the Peace River, produced from bitumen deposit is extracted using wells not by mining.[7]{{rp|9}} {{quote|The oil sands of the Bluesky-Gething were deposited during the Cretaceous Period within a transgressive system, with the lower fluvial to nonmarine Gething Formation at the base and the estuarine Bluesky Formation at the top. Deposition of the Bluesky-Gething reservoir and nonreservoir units was controlled by topography of the pre-Cretaceous unconformity. The Red Earth Highlands separate the Bluesky-Gething into northeast and southwest accumulations and includes part of the Seal Lake area. In the Peace River oil sands areas, the Bluesky-Gething is overlain by the marine shales of the Wilrich Member.|source=AER March 2014}}References1. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://cgkn1.cgkn.net/weblex/weblex_litho_detail_e.pl?00053:001560|title=Bluesky Formation|author=Lexicon of Canadian Geological Units|accessdate=2009-02-06|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120709174851/http://cgkn1.cgkn.net/weblex/weblex_litho_detail_e.pl?00053:001560|archivedate=2012-07-09|df=}} {{WCSB|Northwest_Plains=yes}}{{Canada-geologic-formation-stub}}2. ^Badgley, Peter C., 1952. Notes on the subsurface stratigraphy and oil and gas geology of the Lower Cretaceous series in central Alberta (Report and seven figures); Geological Survey of Canada, Paper No. 52-11, 12 p. 3. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Petrel Robertson Consulting Ltd.|first1=Canadian Discovert Ltd.|title=Deep Subsurface Aquifer Characterization in Support of Montney Tight Gas Development: Geological Report|journal=Geoscience BC Report|date=June 2011|volume=2011-11|page=59|url=http://www.geosciencebc.com/s/Report2011-11.asp}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Oppelt|first1=Harold|title=Sedimentology and Ichnology of the Bluesky Formation in Northeastern British Columbia|journal=Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Special Issue: Sequences, Stratigraphy, Sedimentology: Surface and Subsurface|date=1988|volume=15|pages=401–415|url=http://archives.datapages.com/data/cspg_sp/data/015/015001/401_cspgsp0150401.htm}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Hayes|first1=B.J.R|title=Cretaceous Mannville Group of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin|publisher=Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin|url=http://www.ags.gov.ab.ca/publications/wcsb_atlas/a_ch19/ch_19.html|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814133127/http://www.ags.gov.ab.ca/publications/wcsb_atlas/a_ch19/ch_19.html|archivedate=2013-08-14|df=}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ags.gov.ab.ca/publications/wcsb_atlas/a_ch19/ch_19.html|title=The Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Chapter 19: Cretaceous Mannville Group of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin|others=Compiled by Mossop, G.D. and Shetsen, I.|author=Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists and Alberta Geological Survey|year=1994|accessdate=2013-08-01|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814133127/http://www.ags.gov.ab.ca/publications/wcsb_atlas/a_ch19/ch_19.html|archivedate=2013-08-14|df=}} 7. ^{{citation |title=Report of Recommendations onOdours and Emissions in the Peace River Area |date=31 March 2014 |accessdate=23 December 2014 |work=AER |url=http://www.aer.ca/documents/decisions/2014/2014-ABAER-005.pdf |format=PDF}} 1 : Stratigraphy of Alberta |
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