| 词条 | Boeing AH-6 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Boeing AH-6 is a series of light helicopter gunships based on the MH-6 Little Bird and MD 500 family. Developed by Boeing Rotorcraft Systems, these include the Unmanned Little Bird (ULB) demonstrator, the A/MH-6X Mission Enhanced Little Bird (MELB), and the proposed AH-6I and AH-6S. Design and developmentThe Unmanned Little Bird demonstrator, which Boeing built from a civilian MD 530F, first flew on September 8, 2004, and made its first autonomous flight (with safety pilot) on October 16, 2004.[1] In April 2006, Boeing used the ULB to demonstrate the ability of another helicopter, in this case an AH-64 Apache to remotely control the ULB's weapons payload as a part of Boeing's Airborne Manned/Unmanned System Technology Demonstration (AMUST-D) program. For the initial test, the Apache Longbow was on the ground, while the ULB was airborne several miles away and Hellfire missiles were fired from the ULB by a tester sitting at the co-pilot's station in the Apache. Both aircraft are equipped with tactical common data link equipment and technologies manufactured by L-3 Communications.[2] The ULB Demonstrator first flew in the unmanned mode on June 30, 2006 from the United States Army's Yuma Proving Ground, flying a pre-programmed 20-minute armed intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance mission around the facility. All previous flights during the 450 flight hour engineering development phase had a safety pilot on board, although the aircraft was typically flown remotely from the ground.[3][4] With the successes of the ULB, Boeing incorporated its technologies into an A/MH-6, designating it the A/MH-6X. On September 20, 2006, the first A/MH-6X lifted off on its maiden flight from Boeing Rotorcraft Systems' Mesa, Arizona facility with a pilot on board. While the ULB Demonstrator had a payload of 2,400 pounds, the MELB has an additional 1,000 pounds of payload capacity. The A/MH-6X is similar to the A/MH-6M, but includes a prototype glass cockpit and a number of upgrades to the electronics and avionics.[5] The A/MH-6X is an optionally manned or unmanned aircraft which is a hybrid of the ULB demonstrator and the A/MH-6M mission-enhanced Little Bird which is used by US Army Special Operations Command.[6] Boeing funded the development program itself; it intends to market the aircraft for both military and homeland security roles within the U.S. and internationally.[5] The aircraft is estimated to cost US$2 million.[4] The systems related to the unmanned flight capabilities have also been designed to be able to be installed in any other helicopter as well, including the Apache.[4][5] An Unmanned Little Bird performed a fully autonomous flight in June 2010, including avoiding obstacles using LIDAR.[7][8] In 2009, it was reported that Boeing was working on the "AH-6S Phoenix" for the US Army's restarted ARH program, named Armed Aerial Scout. The AH-6S design is stretched by {{convert|15|in|mm}} to allow room for other ARH crew shot down in combat to be recovered. The aircraft also would feature an extended aerodynamic nose to house avionics hardware. AH-6S cockpit and main rotor composite blades are to be based the AH-64D Block III. The AH-6S will have an improved tail rotor and a more powerful Rolls-Royce 250-CE30 engine.[9][10] The Little Bird has an endurance of 12 hours and carries a maximum mission payload of {{convert|1090|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=3|disp=flip}}.[6] The AH-6i is the export version of the AH-6S. The AH-6i first flew on September 16, 2009.[11] Jordan has expressed interest in ordering the AH-6i in May 2010.[12] In October 2010 Saudi Arabia requested 36 AH-6i aircraft with related equipment and weapons from the United States through a Foreign Military Sale.[13][14] Kaman Corporation is developing a retrofittable graphite epoxy rotorblade for the AH-6.[15] In summer 2011, an H-6U performed autonomous landings on a moving truck bed for French companies Thales and DCNS for France's General Directorate for Armament, in preparation for sea trials on a French frigate in 2012.[16][17] In October 2012, the AH-6i completed a flight demonstration for the U.S. Army in anticipation of the Armed Aerial Scout program. While the AH-6i is aimed at international customers, Boeing intends to offer it for the program.[18] The Army ended the AAS program in late 2013.[19] In December 2012, Boeing demonstrated the Unmanned Little Bird version of the AH-6 to the South Korean Army. The aircraft flew autonomously for 25 minutes to demonstrate the unmanned system's capabilities that can be integrated into Army MD 500 Defender helicopters.[20] In September 2013, Aurora Flight Sciences and Boeing offered the H-6U Little Bird for the U.S. Marine Corps unmanned lift/ISR capability competition. Boeing, working as a subcontractor, was flying the Little Bird without human input, but with a pilot on board to comply with Federal Aviation Administration regulations during testing near Manassas, Virginia. The H-6U is competing against the unmanned Kaman K-MAX, which has a usable external payload of {{convert|6000|lb|kg|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} and has been used in theater to resupply Marines. Evaluations were to begin in February 2014 at Marine Corps Base Quantico.[21] Marines at Quantico announced they had successfully landed an unmanned Little Bird, as well as a K-MAX, autonomously using a mini-tablet computer in April 2014. The helicopters were equipped with technology called the Autonomous Aerial Cargo/Utility System (AACUS), which combines advanced algorithms with LIDAR and electro-optical/infrared sensors to enable a person holding a tablet to select a point to land the helicopter at an unprepared landing site. Autonomous landing without the need for remote control or tele-operation reduces operator burden and allows them be resupplied or conduct other missions like medical evacuation around the clock. The AACUS weighs {{convert|100|lb|kg|abbr=on}}, so it can be easily integrated onto other aircraft like the CH-53E Super Stallion and V-22 Osprey. According to Rear Adm. Matthew Klunder, Chief of Naval Research, operational use of the system could be possible by 2015-2016.[22] The Office of Naval Research selected Aurora Flight Sciences and the Unmanned Little Bird to complete development of the prototype AACUS system over Lockheed and the K-MAX.[23] Variants
Operators
SpecificationsULB/MD530F{{Aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=copter |jet or prop?=prop |ref=The International Directory of Civil Aircraft,[28] MD 530F data[29][30] |crew= 1–2 |capacity=5 total |payload main= |payload alt= |length main= 32 ft 7 in |length alt= 9.94 m |span main= 27 ft 4 in |span alt= 8.33 m |height main= 8 ft 9 in |height alt= 2.48 m |area main= 587.5 sq ft |area alt= 54.6 m² |airfoil= |empty weight main= 1,591 lb |empty weight alt= 722 kg |loaded weight main= |loaded weight alt= |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= 3,550 lb |max takeoff weight alt= 1,610 kg |more general= |engine (prop)= One Allison 250-C30 |type of prop= turboshaft |number of props= 1 |power main= 425 shp |power alt= 317 kW |power original= takeoff power (derated) |max speed main= 152 knots |max speed alt= 175 mph, 282 km/h |cruise speed main= 135 kn |cruise speed alt= 155 mph, 250 km/h |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |range main= 232 nmi |range alt= 267 mi, 430 km |ceiling main= 18,700 ft |ceiling alt= 5,700 m |climb rate main= 2,070 ft/min |climb rate alt= 10.5 m/s |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance= |guns=
|rockets=
|missiles=
|avionics= }} See also{{Aircontent|see also=
|related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists= }} References1. ^"Boeing Unveils Low-Cost, Versatile 'Little Bird' That Can Fly Manned or as UAV". Boeing, October 25, 2004. Retrieved: February 21, 2015. 2. ^"Boeing Apache and Unmanned Little Bird Demonstrator Test Expands UAV Control". Boeing, April 12, 2006. Retrieved: February 21, 2015. 3. ^"Boeing Unmanned Little Bird Demonstrator Helicopter Flies Unmanned for First Time". Boeing, July 12, 2006. Retrieved: February 21, 2015. 4. ^1 2 Kress, Adam. "Boeing's Little Bird flys high by remote control". Phoenix Business Journal, January 28, 2005. Accessed August 27, 2008. 5. ^1 2 "Boeing Manned/Unmanned Light Helicopter Makes First Flight". Boeing, October 9, 2006. Retrieved: February 21, 2015. 6. ^1 "Army Technology-Unmanned Little Bird project". army-technology.com{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}} 7. ^Spice, Byron. Researchers Help Develop Full-Size Autonomous Helicopter {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608055751/http://www.cmu.edu/news/blog/2010/Summer/unprecedented-robochopper.shtml |date=June 8, 2011 }} Carnegie Mellon, 6 July 2010. Retrieved: 19 July 2010. 8. ^Koski, Olivia. [https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2010/07/in-a-first-full-sized-robo-copter-flies-with-no-human-help/ "In a First, Full-Sized Robo-Copter Flies With No Human Help"]. Wired, 14 July 2010. Retrieved: 19 July 2010. 9. ^1 "Boeing's new Phoenix rises from ARH ashes". Flight International, 7 January 2009. 10. ^"Boeing Offers Army Two ARH Alternatives". Aviation Week, 8 January 2009. 11. ^"Boeing AH-6i Light Attack/Reconnaissance Helicopter Makes 1st Flight". Boeing, October 7, 2009. 12. ^"Jordan to buy AH-6is" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520065033/http://www.airforcesmonthly.com/view_news.asp?ID=2047 |date=May 20, 2010 }}. AirForces Monthly, 14 May 2010. 13. ^"Saudi Arabia – AH-64D APACHE, UH-60M BLACKHAWK, AH-6i Light Attack, and MD-530F Light Turbine Helicopters". US Defense Security Cooperation Agency, 20 October 2010. 14. ^Bruno, Michael. "U.S. To Sell F-15s With AESA To Saudi Arabia". Aviation Week, 21 October 2010. 15. ^TRAUTVETTER, Chad. "Kaman Aerospace’s Unmanned K-Max Reports for Duty" AIN online, 13 February 2012. Retrieved: 22 August 2012. 16. ^Thisdell, Dan. Thales, DCNS ready sea borne trials of unmanned rotorcraft Flight Global/ElectronicsWeekly, 15 November 2011. Accessed: 25 November 2011. 17. ^Thales completes successful flight demonstration for full automatic landing and deck landing of one-ton class rotary wing UAVs {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405150754/http://www.thalesgroup.com/Press_Releases/Markets/Aerospace/2011/20110614_-_Thales_completes_successful_flight_demonstration_for_full_automatic_landing_and_deck_landing_of_one-ton_class_rotary_wing_UAVs/# |date=2012-04-05 }} Thales, 14 June 2011. Accessed: 25 November 2011. 18. ^"Boeing demonstrates AH-6i for US Army". Flightglobal.com, 23 October 2012. 19. ^Outgoing General: US Army Must Continue To Fund Research and Development - Defensenews.com, 14 January 2014 20. ^Little Bird demo for the Republic of Korea. SUASNews.com, 14 December 2012 21. ^USMC Unmanned Lift Competition Taking Shape - Defensenews.com, 25 September 2013 22. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.dodbuzz.com/2014/04/05/marines-fly-helicopters-with-mini-tablet/ | title=Marines Fly Helicopters With Mini-Tablet | publisher=Military Advantage | work=DoD Buzz | date=5 April 2014 | accessdate=2 September 2015 | author=Osborn, Kris | quote=Klunder said that AACUS is a year or two away from being ready for operational use.}} 23. ^[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/aurora-beats-lockheed-bid-to-develop-ipad-based-uas-398947/ Aurora beats Lockheed bid to develop iPad-based UAS controller] - Flightglobal.com, 6 May 2014 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shephardmedia.com/news/rotorhub/sofex-2012-arab-spring-blamed-slow-moving-little-b/ |title= SOFEX 2012: Arab Spring blamed for slow-moving Little Bird contract |publisher= shephardmedia.com |date=|accessdate=26 February 2013}} 25. ^{{cite web |last =Malyasov |first =Dylan |url= http://defence-blog.com/news/saudi-national-guard-receives-first-batch-of-boeing-ah-6sa-little-birds-helicopters.html |title = Saudi National Guard receives first batch of Boeing AH-6SA Little Bird helicopters |work= |publisher= Defence Blog |year= 2017 |doi = |accessdate= 11 February 2018}} 26. ^{{cite web |last = |first = |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/emptys/108161/world-air-forces-2014.pdf |title = World Air Forces 2014 |work= |publisher= Flightglobal Insight |year= 2014 |doi = |accessdate= 17 January 2014}} 27. ^Carey, Bill. "Boeing Wins FMS Contract to Supply AH-6is To Saudi Arabia" AINonline, 2 September 2014. 28. ^Frawley, Gerard. The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003-2004, p. 155. Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2003. {{ISBN|978-1-875671-58-8}}. 29. ^MD 530F Overview {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716190911/http://www.mdhelicopters.com/helicopters/pdf/MD530FTechSpecs/530F_Overview.pdf |date=2011-07-16 }}, MD Helicopters. 30. ^MD 530F Performance Specifications {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716190928/http://www.mdhelicopters.com/helicopters/pdf/MD530FTechSpecs/530performance_specif3.pdf |date=2011-07-16 }}. MD Helicopters. External links{{commons category|AH-6 Little Bird}}
9 : United States military helicopters|Unmanned helicopters|Unmanned aerial vehicles of the United States|United States experimental aircraft 2000–2009|Boeing military aircraft|United States helicopters 2000–2009|Gunships|Single-turbine helicopters|aircraft first flown in 2004 |
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