请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Bohni
释义

  1. Variations in the custom

  2. Treatment of bohni proceeds

  3. References

Boni (Hindustani: बोहनी or بوﮨنی) is a social and commercial custom of India and Pakistan that is based on the belief that the first sale of a day (or other selling period) establishes the seller's luck for subsequent choti transactions during the remainder of the day.[1][2] In practical terms this means that sellers try to ensure that the first (or bohni) sale happens on a cash-only basis, and ideally without any discounts (i.e. at full-price), though the social protocol associated with bohni sales varies by region.[2] Unless the price is egregious, it is considered good manners for customers to be generous if they are engaged in a bohni transaction with the seller. If the buyer is trusted, the seller will sometimes allow the buyer to state a price that is binding on both, with the expectation that the buyer will demonstrate generosity.[3]

Variations in the custom

Although sellers have a daily bohni, the concept also applies to sales at the beginning of a calendar year or at the launch of an enterprise. Often, for a newly launched business, family or friends of the seller will make a bohni purchase in an attempt to secure luck for the new business. Depending on individual beliefs, some sellers may pass on smaller transactions until they secure a large-enough bohni sale, while others may lower prices in an attempt to complete a bohni sale as soon as possible.[4][5] In some areas, it is considered rude to ask the seller to make change during a bohni sale, as any outflow of cash during the bohni can spoil the seller's luck for the remainder of the day.[6]

In some regions, it is considered inauspicious to allow the first prospective customer to walk away without a sale being completed. To prevent this, the first potential buyer that engages with a seller may receive special treatment, such as being offered a seat at the shop and a cup of tea, or a freebie being included with the sale.[7]

Treatment of bohni proceeds

Some regions and communities in North India and Pakistan have developed specific practices in how the money made in a bohni transaction is treated. Sometimes the bohni money is spit upon, which is a custom believed to ward-off nazar (evil eye).[8] Alternatively, the seller may apply the bohni cash to each eye in turn, which denotes reverence and thankfulness.[9]

References

1. ^{{Citation | title=The Panjab past and present | author= | year=1986 | isbn= | publisher=Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wpDAAAAYAAJ| quote=... The first sale of the morning was bohni. A good bohni was always regarded as auspicious ...}}
2. ^1 {{Citation | title=Central Asia, Issues 5-7| author= | year=1980 | isbn= | publisher=Area Study Centre (Central Asia), University of Peshawar | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HIxxAAAAMAAJ| quote=... customer called "Bohni". They do not give goods on credit early in the morning thinking that if they do so, all the day only customers buying ...}}
3. ^{{Citation | title=Delhi | author=Khushwant Singh | year=1990 | isbn= | publisher=Penguin Books | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivJaAAAAMAAJ | quote=... Give me whatever you wish; a taxi would cost you over ten rupees. You are my first customer, so this will be my boni ...}}
4. ^{{Citation | title=The depiction of folk-culture in Vidyapati's prose (विद्यापति पदावली में लोक-संस्कृति का चित्रण) | author=Pramod Kumar Sinha | year=1970 | isbn= | publisher=Kalpana Teerth | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VbVHAAAAMAAJ | quote=... at the time of bohni, prices are low in the market so that sales can begin and luck is maintained (बोहनी करने के समय शुरू में ... )...}}
5. ^{{Citation | title=Travel of the Hijrat (سفر ہجرت) |author=Mubashir Nazir | publisher= | accessdate=2010-06-16 | url=http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0014-08-Safarnama.htm | quote=... In our part of the world, special consideration is given to the customer that does the bohni (ہمارےیہاں بوہنی کروانے والے کو خصوصاً رعایت دی جاتی ہے) ...}}
6. ^{{Citation | title=Over a cup of coffee | author=V.N. Kakar | year=2005 | isbn=81-223-0916-X | publisher=Pustak Mahal | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jHc0sn3uTiMC | quote=... "Don't you have a rupee?" he asked angrily ... "Early morning," shouted he, "is the time for my boni (first sale), and here you come asking me to part with nine rupees." ...}}
7. ^{{Citation | title=How to get the First Sale of the Day |author=Sundeep Kapur | publisher=EmailYogi | accessdate=2010-06-16 | url=http://www.emailyogi.com/2010/05/how-to-get-first-sale-of-day.html | quote=... The first customer was thanked, even given a freebie, offered a cup of tea ... a bad omen if the first customer walked away without making a purchase so merchants were very careful to not let that happen, this practice is called Boni ...}}
8. ^{{Citation | title=A new Hindustani-English dictionary: with illustrations from Hindustani literature and folk-lore | author=S.W. Fallon | year=1879 | isbn= | publisher=Medical Hall Press | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mxsYAAAAYAAJ| quote=... bohni ... the first money received during the day, or the first ready-money sale ... no credit being given as a rule for the article first sold ... many superstitious people will spit on ... bohni thoni, rad bala ...}}
9. ^{{Citation | title=Readings in Hindi-Urdu linguistics | author=Kripashankar Sinha | year=1978 | isbn= | publisher=National | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eYdjAAAAMAAJ| quote=... Cash received from the very first sale of the day (bohni) is greeted by applying the same to the eyes of the salesman/ shopkeeper ...}}

2 : Indian culture|Pakistani culture
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/11 21:35:11