“Boko alphabet”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Boko alphabet

释义

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Boko (or bookoo) is a Latin-script alphabet used to write the Hausa language. The first boko was devised by Europeans in the early 19th century,^[1] and developed in the early 20th century by the British (mostly) and French colonial authorities. It was made the official Hausa alphabet in 1930.^[2] Since the 1950s boko has been the main alphabet for Hausa.^[3] Arabic script (ajami) is now only used in Islamic schools and for Islamic literature. Since the 1980s, Nigerian boko has been based on the Pan-Nigerian alphabet.

The word boko also refers to non-Islamic (usually western) education ('yan boko = "modern school")^[4] or secularism. The word is commonly stated to be a borrowing from English book. In 2013, leading Hausa expert Paul Newman published "The Etymology of Hausa boko", in which he presents the view that boko is in fact a native word meaning "sham, fraud", Western learning and writing being seen as deceitful in comparison to traditional Koranic scholarship.^[5]

Boko alphabet
Letter	A a	B b	Ɓ ɓ	C c	D d	Ɗ ɗ	E e	F f	G g	H h	I i	J j	K k	Ƙ ƙ	L l	M m	N n	O o	R r	S s	Sh sh	T t	Ts ts	U u	W w	Y y	(Ƴ ƴ)	Z z	ʼ
IPA	/a/}}	/b/}}	/ɓ/}}	/tʃ/}}	/d/}}	/ɗ/}}	/e/}}	/ɸ/}}	/ɡ/}}	/h/}}	/i/}}	/(d)ʒ/}}	/k/}}	/kʼ/}}	/l/}}	/m/}}	/n/}}	/o/}}	/r/, /ɽ/}}	/s/}}	/ʃ/}}	/t/}}	/(t)sʼ/}}	/u/}}	/w/}}	/j/}}	/ʔʲ/}}	/z/}}	/ʔ/}}

There are some differences in boko used in Niger and Nigeria due to different pronunciations in the French and English languages. The letter {{angbr|ƴ}} is used only in Niger; in Nigeria it is written {{angbr|ʼy}}.

Tone, vowel length, and the distinction between {{IPA|/r/}} and {{IPA|/ɽ/}} (which does not exist for all speakers) are not marked in writing. So, for example, {{IPA|/daɡa/}} "from" and {{IPA|/daːɡaː/}} "battle" are both written daga.

Bibliography

{{Cite book | last=Coulmas | first=Florian | authorlink=Florian Coulmas | title=The Blackwell encyclopedia of writing systems | year=1999 | publisher=Wiley-Blackwell | location= | isbn=0-631-21481-X | pages=196}}
{{Cite book | last=Austin | first=Peter K. | authorlink=Peter K. Austin | title= One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost | date= | publisher=University of California Press | location= | isbn=0-520-25560-7 | pages=64}}

References

1. ^{{Cite book |author1=Awoyale, Yiwola |author2=Planet Phrasebooks, Lonely | title=Africa: Lonely Planet Phrasebook | date= | publisher=Lonely Planet | location= | isbn=1-74059-692-7 | pages=79}}
2. ^{{Cite book | last=Dalby | first=Andrew | authorlink=Andrew Dalby | title=Dictionary of languages: the definitive reference to more than 400 languages | year=1998 | publisher=Columbia University Press | location=New York | isbn=0-231-11568-7 | pages=242}}
3. ^omniglot.com
4. ^maguzawa.dyndns.ws (Hausa-English dictionary)
5. ^{{cite web | last = Newman | first = Paul | authorlink = Paul Newman (linguist) | year = 2013 | title = The Etymology of Hausa boko | publisher = Mega-Chad Research Network / Réseau Méga-Tchad | url = http://www.megatchad.net/publications/Newman-2013-Etymology-of-Hausa-boko.pdf | accessdate = 2014-04-27}}

2 : Hausa language|Latin alphabets

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