“Hash House Harriers”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Hash House Harriers (HHH or H3) is an international group of non-competitive running social clubs. An event organized by a club is known as a hash, hash run or simply hashing, with participants calling themselves hashers or hares and hounds.

History

Hashing originated in December 1938 in Selayang Quarry, Selangor, then in the Federated Malay States (now Malaysia), when a group of British colonial officers and expatriates began meeting on Monday evenings to run, in a fashion patterned after the traditional British paper chase or "hare and hounds", to rid themselves of the excesses of the previous weekend.^[1] The original members included Albert Stephen (A.S.) Ignatius "G" Gispert, Cecil Lee, Frederick "Horse" Thomson, Ronald "Torch" Bennett, Eric Galvin, H.M. Doig, and John Woodrow.^[2] A. S. Gispert suggested the name "Hash House Harriers" after the Selangor Club Annex, where several of the original hashers lived and dined, known as the "Hash House".^[3]^[4]

Hashing died out during World War II shortly after the Invasion of Malaya, but was restarted in 1946 after the war by several of the original group, minus A. S. Gispert, who was killed on 11 February 1942 in the Japanese invasion of Singapore, an event commemorated by many chapters by an annual Gispert Memorial Run.

After World War II, in an attempt to reorganize in the city of Kuala Lumpur, they were informed by the Registrar of Societies that as a "group," they would require a constitution.^[5] Apart from the excitement of chasing the hare and finding the trail, harriers reaching the end of the trail would partake of beer, ginger beer and cigarettes.

The objectives of the Hash House Harriers as recorded on the club registration card dated 1950:

In 1962, Ian Cumming founded the second chapter in Singapore. The idea spread through the Far East and the South Pacific, Europe, and North America, expanding rapidly during the mid-1970s. Cumming was widely credited with bringing hashing to the United States; he lived outside of New York City, where he continued to hash until his death on August 21, 2015.^[6]

At present, there are almost two thousand chapters in all parts of the world, with members distributing newsletters, directories, and magazines and organizing regional and world hashing events. As of 2003, there are even two organized chapters operating in Antarctica.^[7]

Events

Regular meetings

Most hashing clubs gather on a weekly or monthly basis, though some events occur sporadically, e.g., February 29th, Friday the 13th, Typhoon 'T8' or a full moon.

At a hash, one or more members ("hares") lay a trail, which is then followed by the remainder of the group (the "pack" or "hounds"). Sawdust, flour or chalk are usually used to mark the trail. The trail periodically ends at a "check" and the pack must find where it begins again; often the trail includes false trails, short cuts, dead ends, back checks, and splits. These features are designed to keep the pack together despite differences in fitness level or running speed, as front-runners are forced to slow down to find the "true" trail, allowing stragglers to catch up.

Members sometimes describe their group as "a drinking club with a running problem," indicating that the social element of an event is as important, if not more so, than any athleticism involved. Beer remains an integral part of a hash, though the balance between running and drinking differs between chapters, with some groups placing more focus on socialising and others on running.

Generally, hash events are open to the public and require no reservation or membership, but most require a small fee, referred to as "hash cash", to cover the costs incurred, such as food or drink, and the club treasurer may also be nicknamed "Hash Cash".

Some hash clubs have a hash home which could be a bar, restaurant, resort or a sports club. In that case the hash always or almost always starts at the hash home. The club may then transport the hashers to some other location to start the run. Other clubs simply post the start on the internet and the hashers drive their own vehicles or take public transportation to that location. The run will then start and finish at that location.

Many hash clubs are in college or university towns in which case the hashers probably are young and most will run the trails. Other clubs might be in areas with an older population so they will probably walk the trails. In the United States, hash clubs tend to have a large amount of armed forces veterans. Some hash clubs meet at night which means that the runners might need a flash light to find the marks. Some hash clubs are men only, some women only and many are mixed. Some are very adult orientated which means raunchy songs etc. Others are family oriented. There are many informal groups attached to various hash chapters. For example the regular hash meets every Saturday but then there is an informal group that meets on say Wednesday to research trails.

Socialising

The end of a trail is an opportunity to socialise, have a drink and observe any traditions of the individual chapter (see Traditions). When the hash officially ends, many members may continue socialising at an "on-after", "on-down", "on-on-on", "apres", or "hash bash", an event held at a nearby house, pub, or restaurant.

Special events

In addition to regularly scheduled hashes, a club or chapter may also organize other events or themed runs. Many also hold special events on their anniversaries or when they reach a milestone in the number of runs e.g. for run number 100, 200, 777, 1000, etc. This may include a special weekend with several runs and evening celebrations

Red dress runs

An event held annually by some chapters is the "Red Dress Run". In 1987, Donna Rhinehart was taken to a hash in Long Beach, California, to be introduced to the sport. She was invited to "wait in the truck" until her host returned. Instead Rhinehart joined the hash in her red dress. The following year, the San Diego Hash House Harriers sent Rhinehart an airline ticket to attend the inaugural "Red Dress Run". Hundreds of hashers wore red dresses for the event which was widely covered by local media. In addressing the crowd, Rhinehart suggested that such hashes might be held to raise funds for local charities. The event quickly spread around the globe to places such as Beijing^[8], Montreal^[9], Helsinki, Moscow, Tokyo, New Orleans^[10], Washington DC and Hobart in Australia.^[11] Over the years, it has raised millions of dollars for charity. The New Orleans Hash House Harriers attracted 7,000 participants to their Red Dress Run in 2010, raising more than $200,000 for 50 local charities.^[12]

Today the Red Dress Run is another part of the Hash House Harriers' heritage. Rhinehart died in 2013 as some clubs were celebrating the 25th anniversary of their Red Dress Run.^[13]

Variations

Trails

Hashing has not strayed far from its roots in Kuala Lumpur. The hares mark their trail with paper, chalk, sawdust, or coloured flour, depending on the environment and weather.

Special marks may be used to indicate a false trail, a backtrack, a shortcut, or a turn. The most commonly used mark is a "check", indicating that hashers will have to search in any direction to find the continuation of the trail. Trails may contain a "beer check", where the pack stops to consume beer, water, or snacks, allowing any stragglers to catch up to the group.

Trails may pass through any sort of terrain and hashers may run through back alleyways, residential areas, city streets, forests, swamps, deep mud ("shiggy") or shopping malls and may climb fences, ford streams, explore storm drains or scale cliffs in their pursuit of the hare.

Signals and terms

Hashers often carry horns or whistles to communicate with each other, in addition to verbal communication. Every hash house employs its own set of trail marks and the names for these marks may vary widely, so newcomers or visitors will have the local markings explained to them before the run at a "chalk talk". The most common term is "on-on", shouted by runners to let others know they are on the right trail. A yell of "RU" (pronounced "are you") is a question to other hashers if they are on trail – it should be responded with either "On-On" or "Looking".

Sometimes there is a call to "circle up" – this is a call from a leader for the hashers to form a circle, be quiet, and pay attention. Circles are called for the "chalk talk", to give news, or for some ceremony such as to thank the hare for the hash.

Trail markings

Each group should explain their markings at the start of the trail (see "Chalk Talk" above"). Although not universal, there are several marks that are used on most standard running trails. Marks are most often made with flour (the kind used for baking) but other substances may be used such as chalk or colored powders.

Rules from group to group may vary. Some examples of variations: some groups don't use the "F" mark or only use it after 5 or more spots. Others use the X as a false trail, but always after 2 blobs. The correct trail is recognised when the third blob in a row is reached after a check. For some groups an arrow is always true – other treat it as another spot and therefore may be part of a false trail. These rules should be explained in the "chalk talk".

Trail types

There are two types of trails. "Live trails" are laid by hares who are given a head start, while "dead trails" are pre-laid hours or days before the hash begins. Live trails and dead trails are also known as "live hare" and "dead hare" trails, respectively. Live trails are closer to the original "hare and hound" tradition, with the intent of the pack being to catch the hare rather than making it to the end, and are more common in the United States, while the rest of the world tends toward dead trails.

A trail may be "A to A", where the trail returns to the start, or "A to B", where the beginning and end of the trail are widely separated. Some trails are referred to as "A to A′ (prime)", denoting an ending point that is close to (usually short walking distance), but not the same as the start. There is also "B to A", in which the participants are ferried to another location for the run back to the gathering point.

The hash trail depends on the environment of the hash chapter. If there are hills or mountains nearby that is always the preferred location. Many trails run through rural areas which could be forests, farm areas, jungle, along or through rivers etc. In densely populated areas many times the hash will start and finish in a public park and the trails will run on city streets.

Traditions

Circles

Most hash events end with a group gathering known as the "circle", or less commonly as "religion". Led by chapter leadership, the circle provides a time to socialise, sing drinking songs, recognize individuals, formally name members, or inform the group of pertinent news or upcoming events. Circles may be led by the chapter grandmaster, the group's religious advisor, or by a committee. Impromptu input is welcome and solicited.

Down-downs

A "down-down" is a means of punishing, rewarding, or merely recognizing an individual for any action or behaviour according to the customs or whims of the group. Generally, the individual in question is asked to consume without pause the contents of his or her drinking vessel or risk pouring the remaining contents on his or her head. Individuals may be recognized for outstanding service, or for their status as a visitor or newcomer. Down-downs also serve as punishment for misdemeanours real, imagined, or blatantly made up. Such transgressions may include: failing to stop at the beer check, pointing with a finger, or the use of real names. Commonly, hashers who wear new shoes to an event can be required to drink from that shoe.

Many chapters include an ice seat or throne as part of the down-down ceremony. Those who are to consume a down-down sit on a large block of ice while they await the completion of the down-down song. If the offence that resulted in the down-down is particularly egregious, the hasher may be subjected to a long song with many verses.

Hash names

In most chapters, the use of real names during an event is discouraged. Members are typically given a "hash name," usually in deference to a particularly notorious escapade, a personality trait, or their physical appearance. In some chapters the name must be earned – that is, hashers are not named until they've done something outstanding, unusual, or stupid enough to warrant a name. In other chapters the process is more mechanical and hashers are named after completing a certain number of events (5–10 being the most common).

Some chapters focus on "family-friendly" names (for example: Lost My Way); others focus on names filled with innuendo (for example: Purple Vein); and some go out of their way to make the name as bawdy, offensive, or politically incorrect as possible.

Those hashers who have not been named are generally referred to as "Just (Name)", "No Name (Name)" (e.g., "No Name John") or simply Virgin.

Hashers are not permitted to give themselves nicknames due to the obvious conflict of interest. Hashers who do so are often renamed by the chapter at the earliest opportunity and with a more offensive name. Similarly, hashers who do get named and don't like their name may end up being renamed by their chapter, the members of whom may strive to give the complaining hasher an even more offensive or inappropriate name.

New hashers verbally in pursuit of an obviously offensive or inappropriate name may intentionally be given a weaker name, such as "Freckles".

Symbols

The traditional symbol of hashing is the outline of a human foot, or a pair, often including the phrase "On-On". T-shirts are a common symbol of various hash clubs, and events. A large sample is available in the Digital Hash T-shirt Museum^[14]

Clothing

Hashers occasionally wear specialized clothing on trail or to the closing circles. Common items include thick, knee high socks, commonly referred to as "Shiggy Socks", kilts, or happi coats, with some kennels{{explain|date=March 2018}} offered "earned" clothing such as bibs or sashes. Shiggy socks are worn to protect the shins and knees of the wearer from thorns, mud, branches, or whatever else they run through. The hash has its own tartan^[15] for members' kilts. Custom happi coats, originating out of Japan, are also commonly seen and made to reflect the local kennel.

International events

There are several international events, where hashers from different groups get together to run and socialise, but the most famous is the biennial Interhash, where hashers from around the world gather.

The 2006 Interhash—Chiang Mai, offered supporting runs in Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and southwest China. The 2018 event is scheduled for the weekend of 27 May on the Fiji Islands.

In addition to Interhash, there are also many regional and continental hash events, such as the InterAmericas, InterAfrica, InterGulf, InterScandi, EuroHash, and PanAsia. National hash events or "nash hashes" primarily bring together hashers from one particular nation, although visitors from other countries are actively welcomed.

References

1. ^{{cite web|last=Sekula|first=Sarah|title=A drinker's guide to running the world|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/05/28/travel/hashers-running-around-the-world/index.html|publisher=CNN International|accessdate=31 May 2013}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://harrier.net/presskit/shistory.html |title=A Brief History of the Hash House Harriers |work=Harriers.net }}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hhh.org.uk/g.cfm |title='G' – the founder of Hash House Harrier |work=UK Hash House Harriers }}
4. ^{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=rRCJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA65#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Insider's Kuala Lumpur |author= Lam Seng Fatt |edition=3rd |page=65 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd|date=15 October 2011| isbn=9789814435390}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://gotothehash.net/history/rules.html |title=Earliest Recorded Rules of the Hash House Harriers |publisher=gotothehash.net |date=1950 |accessdate=17 December 2014}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/lohud/obituary.aspx?pid=175749419 |title=Ian Cumming Obituary |date=2015-09-06 |accessdate=2015-09-09}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://half-mind.com/Hashing/who.htm#2 |title=Flying Booger's Hash Primer |publisher=Half-mind.com |date= |accessdate=2011-06-03}}
8. ^Beijing HHH Run
9. ^MHHH Montreal Hash House Harriers
10. ^[https://rove.me/to/new-orleans/red-dress-run New Orleans Red Dress Run]
11. ^http://www.reddressruns.org/?page_id=408
12. ^http://www.neworleansonline.com/neworleans/festivals/reddressrun.html
13. ^http://www.reddressruns.org/?p=1073
14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://gotothehash.net/hashshirts.html|title=International Hash T-shirt Museum|accessdate=2013-08-10}}
15. ^http://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails.aspx?ref=5646
16. ^"https://interhashtrinidad2020.com"