| 词条 | Bond Offshore Helicopters Flight 85N |
| 释义 |
|name = Bond Offshore Helicopters Flight 85N |image = Eurocopter AS-332L2 Super Puma Mk2 - Bond Helicopters.jpg |image_size = 250px |caption = |date = 1 April 2009 |type = Main Rotor Gearbox failure |occurrence_type = Accident |site = {{convert|11|nmi|km|abbr=on}} northeast of Peterhead, Scotland |coords = {{coord|57.554|-0.000|display=inline,title|region:GB_scale:2000000_type:event}} |aircraft_type = Eurocopter AS332L2 Super Puma |aircraft_name = |operator = Bond Offshore Helicopters |tail_number = G-REDL |origin = Aberdeen Airport |stopover = |stopover0 = |stopover1 = |stopover2 = |stopover3 = |last_stopover =Miller oilfield |destination = Aberdeen Airport |passengers = 14 |crew = 2 |injuries = |fatalities = 16[1] |survivors = 0 }} Just before 2:00 pm on 1 April 2009, Bond Offshore Helicopters Flight 85N crashed {{convert|11|nmi|km}} north-east of Peterhead, Scotland in the North Sea while returning from a BP oil platform in the Miller oilfield, {{convert|240|km|abbr=on}} north-east of Peterhead.[1] The crash killed all sixteen people aboard.[2][3][4][5] The flight was operated using a Eurocopter AS332L2 Super Puma Mk 2 belonging to Bond Offshore Helicopters. The cause of the crash was main rotor separation following a catastrophic gearbox failure. The helicopter was flown by Captain Paul Burnham and co-pilot Richard Menzies, both working for Bond Offshore Helicopters.[6] Most of the victims were employees of KCA Deutag Drilling. Bond also operated a very similar Eurocopter EC225LP helicopter which ditched in the North Sea on 18 February 2009, in which all 18 aboard escaped and were rescued.[2][7] The most serious North Sea helicopter accident was the 1986 British International Helicopters Chinook crash, when a Boeing 234 Chinook crashed, killing 45 people.[8][9] RecoveryThe search for survivors was called off on the evening of 2 April, rescuers admitting that there was no chance of finding anyone alive, and the Vigilant returned to Peterhead on 4 April. The eight bodies found a few hours after the crash were taken to Aberdeen and then on to a police mortuary. The Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) chartered the seismic survey vessel Vigilant for its initial investigation, which arrived on site on 3 April, carrying specialised sonar equipment to locate the wreckage on the seabed. No EPIRB beacon signal had been reported.[10] Grampian Police stated on the evening of 4 April that they had identified the eight bodies that were initially recovered from the surface of the sea. One of the victims, Nolan Goble, was the brother of former professional footballer, Steve Goble.[11] A second vessel, the Diving Support Vessel Bibby Topaz, was chartered to assist the work, and sailed from Peterhead on 4 April, to recover the remaining eight bodies that were not found on the surface, as well as wreckage and the cockpit voice and flight data recorders.[12] The wreckage of the Super Puma was located on the sea bed in {{convert|100|m|abbr=on}} by the Bibby Topaz. The remaining eight bodies were recovered from inside the fuselage. The combined FDR/CVR was recovered and sent to the Farnborough headquarters of the AAIB for analysis,[13][14] as was all the wreckage.[15] InvestigationThe AAIB invited the Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la sécurité de l'Aviation Civile (BEA), Eurocopter, the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), and the UK Civil Aviation Authority to participate.[6] The AAIB released a third press statement on 4 April 2009 stating that work to recover the wreckage of G-REDL was continuing.{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}} On 11 April the AAIB released its initial report into the accident in which it stated that the immediate cause of the accident was a "catastrophic failure of the main rotor gearbox" and the consequent detachment of the main rotor. Three safety recommendations were made, the first of which was that all Super Puma helicopters should receive additional checks on the main rotor gearbox epicyclic module.[16] On 17 April the AAIB released a second report noting that metallic debris from the gearbox had been detected 34 flying hours prior to the helicopter crash. However, "no signs of an incipient gearbox failure were detected". In response, the EASA ordered an "urgent" inspection of the gearboxes on both the AS332L2 Super Puma and the EC225LP Super Puma. Helicopter operators were given to 24 April to complete the inspections.[17][18] On 16 July the AAIB published AAIB Special Bulletin: 5/2009 detailing further progress in the investigation, including two further safety recommendations 2009–74 and 2009–75. These respectively called on the EASA to urgently review the manuals on magnetic particle detection and on planetary gear inspection.[19] On 24 November 2011 the AAIB published its Formal Report 20/2011 into the accident. The cause of the accident was attributed to the catastrophic failure of the Main Rotor Gearbox as a result of a fatigue fracture of a second stage planet gear in the epicyclic module.[20] In addition the investigation identified three contributory factors:
Seventeen Safety Recommendations were made as a result of the investigation. On 13 March 2014, an official UK government inquiry found that the accident could have been prevented if maintenance procedures had been correctly followed.[21] See also
References1. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iD4dApDJY7DPDzZMcFwEOs8EKBngD979T2EO3|title=Helicopter with 16 people down in North Sea|last=McConville|first=Beth|date=1 April 2009|agency=Associated Press |accessdate=1 April 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090404080920/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iD4dApDJY7DPDzZMcFwEOs8EKBngD979T2EO3| archivedate= 4 April 2009 | deadurl= no}} 2. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/north_east/7977095.stm|title=Eight dead as helicopter crashes |date=1 April 2009|publisher=BBC News |accessdate=1 April 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090402180352/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/north_east/7977095.stm| archivedate= 2 April 2009 | deadurl= no}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.pressassociation.com/component/pafeeds/2009/04/01/helicopter_ditches_in_north_sea?camefrom=news |title=16 feared dead in helicopter crash |date=1 April 2009 |publisher=The Press Association |accessdate=1 April 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715112458/http://www.pressassociation.com/component/pafeeds/2009/04/01/helicopter_ditches_in_north_sea?camefrom=news |archivedate=15 July 2011 }} 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.avionews.com/index.php?corpo=see_news_home.php&news_id=1102263&pagina_chiamante=index.php|title=A "Super Puma" helicopter ditched in the North Sea|date=1 April 2009|publisher=World Aeronautical Press Agency|accessdate=1 April 2009}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/apr/01/north-sea-helicopter-crash-eight-deaths|title=North Sea helicopter crash: all 16 people on board feared dead|last=Carrell|first=Severin|date=1 April 2009|work=The Guardian |location=UK |accessdate=1 April 2009 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090404023015/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/apr/01/north-sea-helicopter-crash-eight-deaths| archivedate= 4 April 2009 | deadurl= no}} 6. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/north_east/7980420.stm |title=Helicopter crash probe continues|date=3 April 2009 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=3 April 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090406033129/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/north_east/7980420.stm| archivedate= 6 April 2009 | deadurl= no}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/north_east/7899213.stm |title=Rescue in the North Sea |date=19 February 2009 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=1 April 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501153028/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/north_east/7899213.stm |archivedate=1 May 2009 |deadurl=no |df= }} 8. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.stv.tv/home/85987-fatal-helicopter-crash-only-six-weeks-after-similar-incident/ |title=Fatal helicopter crash occurred only six weeks after similar incident |date=1 April 2009 |publisher=STV |accessdate=1 April 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403090717/http://news.stv.tv/home/85987-fatal-helicopter-crash-only-six-weeks-after-similar-incident/# |archivedate=3 April 2009 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all }} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aaib.gov.uk/publications/special_bulletins/s3_2009___eurocopter_ec225_lp_super_puma__g_redu.cfm |title=AAIB Bulletin S3/2009 G-REDU |date=March 2009|publisher=Air Accidents Investigation Branch |accessdate=2 April 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090405140748/http://www.aaib.gov.uk/publications/special_bulletins/s3_2009___eurocopter_ec225_lp_super_puma__g_redu.cfm| archivedate= 5 April 2009 | deadurl= no}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/latestnews/North-Sea-helicopter-disaster-Public.5138238.jp|title=North Sea helicopter disaster: Public inquiry would prove a fitting memorial – Salmond |last=Urquhart|first=Frank|date=3 April 2009 |work=The Scotsman |location=UK |accessdate=4 April 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090407042309/http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/latestnews/North-Sea-helicopter-disaster-Public.5138238.jp| archivedate= 7 April 2009 | deadurl= no}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.eadt.co.uk/content/eadt/news/story.aspx?brand=EADOnline&category=News&tBrand=EADOnline&tCategory=xDefault&itemid=IPED03%20Apr%202009%2011%3A30%3A50%3A007 |title=Brother of ex-City player dies in chopper crash |publisher=East Anglian Daily Times |date=3 April 2009 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} 12. ^{{cite web | title = Salvage ship in helicopter search |publisher=BBC News | date = 4 April 2009 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/north_east/7982836.stm }} 13. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/scotland/Divers-recover--last-of.5143558.jp|title=Divers recover last of helicopter victims|last=Howie|first=Michael|date=6 April 2009|work=The Scotsman |location=UK |accessdate=6 April 2009}} 14. ^{{cite news | title = More helicopter bodies recovered |publisher=BBC News | date = 5 April 2009 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/north_east/7984332.stm | accessdate = 6 April 2009 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090408084141/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/north_east/7984332.stm| archivedate= 8 April 2009 | deadurl= no}} 15. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/north_east/7988073.stm|title=Task group to assess helicopters|date=8 April 2009|publisher=BBC News |accessdate=8 April 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090408210944/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/north_east/7988073.stm| archivedate= 8 April 2009 | deadurl= no}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources/G-REDL%20-%20Initial%20AAIB%20Report.pdf |format=PDF |title=G-REDL Initial Report |publisher=AAIB|date=11 April 2009 |accessdate=12 April 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090419113912/http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources/G-REDL%20-%20Initial%20AAIB%20Report.pdf| archivedate= 19 April 2009 | deadurl= no}} 17. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/urgent-checks-on-helicopter-gearboxes-after-north-sea-crash-1670414.html |title='Urgent' checks on helicopter gearboxes after North Sea crash |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=18 April 2009 |accessdate=18 April 2009 | first=Peter | last=Woodman}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aaib.gov.uk/latest_news/initial_report_2___super_puma_accident.cfm |title=Initial report 2 |publisher=Air Accidents Investigation Branch |date=17 April 2009|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090505120306/http://www.aaib.gov.uk/latest_news/initial_report_2___super_puma_accident.cfm|archivedate=5 May 2009}} AAIB Ref: EW/C2009/04/01 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources.cfm?file=/S5-2009_Eurocopter_AS332L2_Super_Puma,_G-REDL_08-09.pdf |format=PDF |title=S5/2009 Eurocopter AS332L2 Super Puma, G-REDL |publisher=Air Accidents Investigation Board |date=16 July 2009}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aaib.gov.uk/sites/aaib/publications/formal_reports/2_2011_g_redl.cfm |author=AAIB |date=24 November 2011 |title=Report No: 2/2011. Report on the accident to Aerospatiale (Eurocopter) AS332 L2 Super Puma, registration G-REDL, 11 nm NE of Peterhead, Scotland on 1 April 2009 }} 21. ^{{cite news|title=Super Puma crash: Relatives react to inquiry findings|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-26559308|accessdate=13 March 2014|newspaper=BBC}} Further reading
9 : Aviation accidents and incidents in 2009|Aviation accidents and incidents in Scotland|Accidents and incidents involving the Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma|BP|2009 disasters in the United Kingdom|2009 in Scotland|North Sea energy|Aviation accidents and incidents in the North Sea|April 2009 events in Europe |
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