| 词条 | B & O Railroad Potomac River Crossing |
| 释义 |
| nrhp_type = | image = Harpers ferry.jpg | caption = Aerial view looking west. Left to right: Stone piers from 1851 Bollman bridge; 1894 bridge; 1931 bridge. | location= Harper's Ferry, West Virginia | coordinates = {{coord|39|19|27|N|77|43|43|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = West Virginia#USA | area = | built =1851 | demolished = 1936 (flood) | architect= Wendel Bollman et al. | architecture= Other | added = February 14, 1978[1] | governing_body = Private | refnum=78001484 }} The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Crossings at the Potomac River are a set of railroad bridges that span the Potomac River between Maryland Heights, Maryland and Harpers Ferry, West Virginia in the United States. History{{multiple image| align = left | direction = vertical | image1 = Harpers-Ferry-Bollman-Bridge.jpg | alt1 = | image2 = Harpersferry bridge.JPG | alt2 = | footer = The 1851 Bollman Bridge ({{small|top}}) c.1860s. and its remains next to the 1894 bridge in 2009 ({{small|bottom}}). | footer_align = center | width = 160 }} The original Harper's Ferry operated from 1733 until it was replaced by a timber covered road bridge in about 1824 at the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers.[2][3] In 1839, the B&O's first crossing over the Potomac was an {{convert|830|ft|m}} covered wood truss. At the time, it was the first and only rail crossing of the Potomac River, and the only rail link between the two sides in the coming Civil War. John Brown used the bridge at the beginning of his failed attempt to start a slave insurrection in Virginia and further south. The single-track bridge, which comprised six river spans plus a span over the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, was designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe, II.[4]{{rp|34}} Latrobe designed a "Y" span for the route to Winchester, which was added to the bridge in 1839.[4]{{rp|65}} The bridge was destroyed during the American Civil War and was subsequently replaced by temporary structures.[4]{{rp|65}} In 1851, a second bridge was built across the Shenandoah to become one of the earliest Bollman trusses in existence.[4]{{rp|67}} A newer Bollman truss bridge, which carried both rail and highway traffic, opened in 1870. It was washed away in a flood in 1936. The two crossings today, which are on different alignments, are from the late 19th century and early 20th century. A steel Pratt truss and plate girder bridge was built in 1894 to carry the B&O Valley line (now the CSX Shenandoah Subdivision) toward Winchester, Virginia along the Shenandoah River. This was complimented in 1930-31 with a deck plate girder bridge that carries the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) main line to Martinsburg, West Virginia (the line is now the CSX Cumberland Subdivision). A rail tunnel was built at the same time as the 1894 bridge to carry the line through the Maryland Heights bypassing a sharp curve. In the 1930s the western end of the tunnel was widened during the construction of the second bridge to allow the broadest possible curve across the river. See also
References1. ^{{NRISref|2008a}} 2. ^Note: Harwood (p. 44) states an opening date of 1829. 3. ^{{Cite journal|title=National Register of Historic Places Nomination: B & O Railroad Potomac River Crossing|url=http://www.wvculture.org/shpo/nr/pdf/jefferson/78001484.pdf |format=pdf|date=June 26, 1973 |author=Paula Stoner Dickey and Robert M. Vogel|publisher=National Park Service}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last=Harwood |first=Herbert H., Jr. |authorlink= |title=Impossible Challenge II: Baltimore to Washington and Harpers Ferry from 1828 to 1994 |url= |year=1994 |publisher=Barnard, Roberts & Co. |location=Baltimore, MD |isbn=0934118221}} External links
24 : American Civil War sites|Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridges|Bridges completed in 1851|Railroad bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland|Railroad bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia|Buildings and structures in Jefferson County, West Virginia|Buildings and structures in Washington County, Maryland|Bridges over the Potomac River|Harpers Ferry, West Virginia|Historic American Engineering Record in Maryland|Historic American Engineering Record in West Virginia|Jefferson County, West Virginia in the American Civil War|National Register of Historic Places in Jefferson County, West Virginia|Railroad bridges in Maryland|Railroad bridges in West Virginia|Transportation in Jefferson County, West Virginia|Transportation in Washington County, Maryland|Tourist attractions in Jefferson County, West Virginia|1851 establishments in Maryland|Steel bridges in the United States|Plate girder bridges in the United States|Pratt truss bridges in the United States|1851 establishments in Virginia|Interstate railroad bridges in the United States |
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