| 词条 | Hauyne |
| 释义 |
| name = Haüyne | category = Tectosilicate, sodalite group | boxwidth = | boxbgcolor = | image = Hauyne-169903.jpg | imagesize = 260px | caption = Hauyne from Mayen, Eifel Mts, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany | formula = Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)[1] | molweight = 1,032.43 g/mol[2] | strunz = 9.FB.10 (10 ed) 8/J.11-30 (8 ed) | dana = 76.2.3.3 | system = Isometric | class = Hextetrahedral ({{overline|4}}3m) H-M symbol ({{overline|4}} 3m) | symmetry = P{{overline|4}}3n | unit cell = a = 9.08 - 9.13 Å; Z = 2 | color = Blue, white, gray, yellow, green, pink | habit = Dodecahedral or pseudo-octahedral | twinning = Common on {111} | cleavage = Distinct on {110} | fracture = Uneven to conchoidal | tenacity = Brittle | mohs = 5 to 6 | luster = Vitreous to greasy | refractive = n = 1.494 to 1.509 | opticalprop = Isotropic | birefringence = None, isotropic | pleochroism = None, isotropic | streak = Very pale blue to white | gravity = 2.4 to 2.5 | melt = | fusibility = 4.5[3] | diagnostic = | solubility = Gelatinises in acids | diaphaneity = Transparent to translucent | other = May fluoresce orange to pink under longwave ultraviolet light[4][5] | references = [1][2][3][4] }}Hauyne, haüyne ({{IPAc-en|ɑː|'|w|iː|n}}[5]), hauynite or haüynite is a tectosilicate mineral with sulfate, with endmember formula Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4).[6] As much as 5 wt % K2O may be present, and also H2O and Cl. It is a feldspathoid and a member of the sodalite group.[2][3] Hauyne was first described in 1807 from samples discovered in Vesuvian lavas in Monte Somma, Italy,[7] and was named in 1807 by Brunn-Neergard for the French crystallographer René Just Haüy (1743–1822).[2] It is sometimes used as a gemstone.[8] Sodalite groupFormulae:[6]
All these minerals are feldspathoids. Haüyne forms a solid solution with nosean and with sodalite. Complete solid solution exists between synthetic nosean and haüyne at 600 °C, but only limited solid solution occurs in the sodalite-nosean and sodalite-haüyne systems.[9] Unit cellHaüyne belongs to the hexatetrahedral class of the isometric system, {{overline|4}}3m, space group P{{overline|4}}3n. It has one formula unit per unit cell (Z = 1), which is a cube with side length of 9 Å. More accurate measurements are as follows:
StructureAll silicates have a basic structural unit that is a tetrahedron with an oxygen ion O at each apex, and a silicon ion Si in the middle, forming (SiO4)4−. In tectosilicates (framework silicates) each oxygen ion is shared between two tetrahedra, linking all the tetrahedra together to form a framework. Since each O is shared between two tetrahedra only half of it "belongs" to the Si ion in either tetrahedron, and if no other components are present then the formula is SiO2, as in quartz. Aluminium ions Al, however, can substitute for some of the silicon ions, forming (AlO4)5− tetrahedra. If the substitution is random the ions are said to be disordered, but in haüyne the Al and Si in the tetrahedral framework are fully ordered.[2]Si has a charge 4+, but the charge on Al is only 3+. If all the cations (positive ions) are Si then the positive charges on the Si's exactly balance the negative charges on the O's. When Al replaces Si there is a deficiency of positive charge, and this is made up by extra positively charged ions (cations) entering the structure, somewhere in between the tetrahedra. In haüyne these extra cations are sodium Na+ and calcium Ca2+, and in addition the negatively charged sulfate group (SO4)2− is also present. In the haüyne structure the tetrahedra are linked to form six-membered rings which are stacked up in an ..ABCABC.. sequence along one direction, and rings of four tetrahedra are stacked up parallel to another direction. The resulting arrangement forms continuous channels that can accommodate a large variety of cations and anions.[9] AppearanceHaüyne crystallizes in the isometric system forming rare dodecahedral or pseudo-octahedral crystals that may reach 3 cm across; it also occurs as rounded grains. The crystals are transparent to translucent, with a vitreous to greasy luster. The color is usually bright blue, but it can also be white, grey, yellow, green and pink.[2][3][4] In thin section the crystals are colorless or pale blue,[4][10] and the streak is very pale blue to white. Optical propertiesHaüyne is isotropic. Truly isotropic minerals have no birefringence, but haüyne is weakly birefringent when it contains inclusions.[4][10] The refractive index is 1.50. Although this is quite low, similar to that of ordinary window glass, it is the largest value for minerals of the sodalite group.[10] It may show reddish orange to purplish pink fluorescence under longwave ultraviolet light.[3][4] Physical propertiesCleavage is distinct to perfect, and twinning is common, as contact, penetration and polysynthetic twins.[2] The fracture is uneven to conchoidal, the mineral is brittle, and it has hardness {{frac|5|1|2}} to 6, almost as hard as feldspar. All the members of the sodalite group have quite low densities, less than that of quartz; haüyne is the densest of them all, but still its specific gravity is only 2.44 to 2.50.[10] If haüyne is placed on a glass slide and treated with nitric acid HNO3, and then the solution is allowed to evaporate slowly, monoclinic needles of gypsum form. This distinguishes haüyne from sodalite, which forms cubic crystals of chlorite under the same conditions.[10] The mineral is not radioactive.[1]Geological setting and associationsHaüyne occurs in phonolites and related leucite- or nepheline-rich, silica-poor, igneous rocks; less commonly in nepheline-free extrusives[1][2][3][4] and metamorphic rocks (marble).[2] Associated minerals include nepheline KNa3(AlSiO4)4, leucite K(Si2Al)O6, titanian andradite Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3, melilite (Ca,Na)(Mg,Al,Fe)(Si,Al)2O7, augite(Ca,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)2O6, sanidine K(AlSi3)O8, biotite K(Fe2+,Mg)3AlSi3O10(OH,F)2, phlogopite KMg3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 and apatite Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH).[4] LocalitiesThe type locality is Lake Nemi, Alban Hills, Rome Province, Latium, Italy.[3] Occurrences include:
References{{Commons category|Hauyne}}1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web| url = http://webmineral.com/data/Hauyne.shtml| title = Hauyne| publisher = Webminerals}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Gaines et al (1997) Dana’s New Mineralogy Eighth Edition. Wiley 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web| url = http://www.mindat.org/min-1833.html| title = Hauyne| publisher = Mindat.org}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Handbook of Mineralogy 5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/hauynite | title=Definition of haüynite | publisher=Dictionary.com | accessdate=4 June 2016}} 6. ^1 2 http://rruff.info/ima 7. ^Farndon and Parker (2009). Minerals, Rocks and Fossils of the World. Lorenz Books 8. ^Tables of Gemstone Identification By Roger Dedeyne, Ivo Quintens, p.109 9. ^1 2 3 4 Bellatreccia, Della Ventura, Piccinini, Cavallo and Brilli (2009): H2O and CO2 in minerals of the haüyne-sodalite group: an FTIR spectroscopy study. Mineralogical Magazine 73:399-413 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Deer Howie and Zussman (1963) Rock-forming minerals, Volume 4, Framework Silicates, pages 289 to 302 11. ^Wulff-Pedersen et al (2000) American Mineralogist 85:1397-1405 12. ^Carnein and Bartos (2005) Mineralogical Record 36-2:173 External linksJMol: http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/AMS/viewJmol.php?id=05334 V. Nasti, "L’olotipo dell'haüyna" (2009), Il Cercapietre, Notiziario del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, n. 1-2/2009, pagg.16-43. 8 : Feldspathoid|Sodalite group|Sodium minerals|Calcium minerals|Aluminium minerals|Cubic minerals|Luminescent minerals|Gemstones |
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