| 词条 | Bosnia Eyalet | ||
| 释义 |
|native_name = Eyalet-i Bosna |common_name = Bosnia Eyalet |conventional_long_name = Bosnia Eyalet |subdivision = Eyalet |nation = the Ottoman Empire |image_flag = |year_start = 1580 |year_end = 1867 |p1 = Sanjak of Bosnia |flag_p1 = |border_p1 = no |s1 = Herzegovina Eyalet |flag_s1 = Western Herzegovina 1760 flag.svg |border_s1 = no |s2 = Bosnia Vilayet |flag_s2 = Flag of Independent Bosnia (1878).svg |capital = Bosna-Saray (now Sarajevo) (1520–1553) Banja Luka (1553–1639) Bosna-Saray (now Sarajevo) (1639–1699) Travnik (1699–1832) |today = {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} {{flag|Croatia}} {{flag|Serbia}} {{flag|Montenegro}} |image_map = Bosnia Eyalet, Central europe 1683.png |image_map_caption = Bosnia Eyalet in 1683 |image_map_size = 280px |stat_year1 = 1732[1] |stat_area1 = |stat_pop1 = 340000 |stat_year2 = 1787[1] |stat_area2 = |stat_pop2 = 600000 |stat_year3 = 1856[1] |stat_area3 = 70038 |footnotes = }} The Eyalet of Bosnia[2] ({{lang-tr|Eyalet-i Bosna}},[3] {{lang-bs|Bosanski pašaluk}}) or Bosnia Beylerbeylik ({{lang-tr|Bosna Beylerbeyliği}}, {{lang-bs|Bosanski beglerbegluk}}) was an eyalet (also known as a beylerbeylik) of the Ottoman Empire, mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prior to the Great Turkish War, it had also included most of Slavonia, Lika, and Dalmatia in present-day Croatia. Its reported area in the 19th century was {{convert|20281|sqmi|km2}}.[4] BackgroundAfter the execution of King Stephen Tomašević in 1463, the central part of the Kingdom of Bosnia was transformed into the sanjak of Bosnia. The Duchy of Herzegovina was added in 1483. HistoryEstablishmentIn 1580, Ferhad Pasha Sokolović became the first governor of the Bosnia Eyalet, as beylerbey (also referred to as "pasha").[5] The Bosnia Eyalet (or Pashaluk) included the Sanjak of Bosnia (central province), Sanjak of Herzegovina, Sanjak of Vučitrn, Sanjak of Prizren, Sanjak of Klis, Sanjak of Krka, and Sanjak of Pakrac.[5] The Ottoman wars in Europe continued throughout the period, and the province reached its territorial peak in 1683. DeclineThe Great Turkish War that ended in Ottoman defeat in 1699 led to a significant decrease in the territory of the Eyalet, losing all the Slavonian sanjaks ("Požeški sandžak" and "Pakrački sandžak"), the sanjak of Lika and big parts of the Dalmatian coast from the sanjaks of Klisa and Herzegovina. The Eyalet lost three sanjaks and suppressed one (the sanjak of Bihać): after the Treaty of Karlowitz, the province was down to four sanjaks (three of them diminished in size as well) and twelve captaincies. Before the Treaty of Passarowitz, another 28 military captaincies were formed, more than half of them along the frontier. This kind of intensive military administration corresponded to the Austrian Military Frontier on the other side of the same border. In 1703 the seat of the pasha was moved from Sarajevo to Travnik, because Sarajevo had been destroyed by fire in the war; it wouldn't be moved back until 1850.[6] Bosnian uprising{{main|Bosnian uprising}}At the beginning of the 19th century, Bosnia was one of the least developed and more autonomous provinces of the Empire.[7] In 1831, Bosnian kapudan Husein Gradaščević, after meeting in Tuzla with Bosnian aristocrats from 20 January to 5 February for preparations, finally occupied Travnik, demanding autonomy and the end of military reforms in Bosnia.[3] Ultimately, exploiting the rivalries between beys and kapudans, the grand vizier succeeded in detaching the Herzegovinian forces, led by Ali-paša Rizvanbegović, from Gradaščević’s.[3] The revolt was crushed, and in 1833, a new eyalet of Herzegovina was created from the southern part of the eyalet of Bosnia and given to Ali-paša Rizvanbegović as a reward for his contribution in crushing the uprising.[3] This new entity lasted only for a few years: after Rizvanbegović's death, it was reintegrated into the Bosnia eyalet. It was one of the first Ottoman provinces to become a vilayet after an administrative reform in 1865, and by 1867 it had been reformed into the Bosnia Vilayet.[8] AdministrationAdministrative divisions
CapitalsBosnia Eyalet's capital city moved several times:
Governors{{Main|List of Ottoman governors of Bosnia}}
References1. ^{{cite book|title=Lippincott's Pronouncing Gazetteer: A Complete Pronouncing Gazetteer Or ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FN0TAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1968|page=1968|year=1856}} 2. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=UAVCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT111 The English Cyclopaedia: Geography] By Charles Knight 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Google books|QjzYdCxumFcC|page=91|Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire}} By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters 4. ^{{Google books|zSNUAAAAYAAJ|The Popular encyclopedia: or, conversations lexicon, Volume 6|page=698}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|author=Istorisko društvo Bosne i Hercegovine|title=Godišnjak|volume=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f04iAAAAMAAJ|year=1952|quote=... босанског ејалета именован је Ферхад-паша Соколовић (1580 — 1588) који је дотле био санџак-бег босански (1574 — 1580). Поред босанског санмака под власт босанског беглербега подвргнуто је још девет санџака који су дотле били у саставу румелиског или будим- ског ејалета. Уз босански санџак који је сада постао централна облает босанског пашалука овоме су ејалету одмах припојени сан- џаци: херцеговачки, вучитрнски, призренски, клишки, крчки и па- крачки, који су тада били издвојени из румелиског ејатета, и зворнички и пожешки, који су били издвсјени избудмскогејалета.Тако се босански беглербеглук, ејалет или пашалук у почетку свога оп- стојања састојао од десет санџака.}} 6. ^{{Google books|V9DtlRfO6JMC|page=15|Territorial proposals for the settlement of the war in Bosnia-Hercegovina}} By Mladen Klemenčić 7. ^1 {{Google books|Rf8P-7ExoKYC|page=84|Religious separation and political intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina}} By Mitja Velikonja 8. ^{{cite book|title=Almanach de Gotha: annuaire généalogique, diplomatique et statistique|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luUq1szHJWYC&pg=PA829|accessdate=2013-06-01|year=1867|publisher=J. Perthes|pages=827–829}} 9. ^Orhan Kılıç, XVII. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Devleti'nin Eyalet ve Sancak Teşkilatlanması, Osmanlı, Cilt 6: Teşkilât, Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, Ankara, 1999, {{ISBN|975-6782-09-9}}, p. 91. {{Tr icon}} 10. ^{{cite book|last=umjetnosti|first=Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i|title=Starine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRwSAAAAIAAJ|year=1962|page=347|quote=Od druge polovice XVI stoljeca Klis kao da gubi vaznost u poredbi s Livnom. Otada pocinje sandzak-beg kliski stanovati u Livnu. Sama gradska posada u Klisu jos je jaka, broji do 400 ratnika.}} 11. ^{{cite news | url = http://www.bhdani.com/arhiva/246/t24605.shtml | language = Bosnian | title = Travnik, poligon historije - Nimalo slučajan grad | author = Muharem Bazdulj | newspaper = BH Dani | date = 2002-03-01 | accessdate = 2010-08-10}} 12. ^http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Bosnia.html 13. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.camo.ch/bojpodbl.htm | language = Bosnian | title = Boj pod Banjalukom (1737.) | author = Zlatko Lukić | accessdate = 2010-08-10 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100830004624/http://www.camo.ch/bojpodbl.htm | archivedate = 2010-08-30 | df = }} 14. ^Ahmed Aličić Uređenje bosanskog ejaleta od 1789. do 1878., Orijentalni Institut u Sarajevu, Sarajevo, 1983, p 35. 15. ^Šabanović, H. Bosanski pašaluk, ND BiH, Sarajevo, 1959. Sources
16 : Eyalets of the Ottoman Empire in Europe|Ottoman period in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Ottoman period in the history of Croatia|Ottoman Serbia|Ottoman period in the history of Montenegro|Ottoman period in the Balkans|1580 establishments in the Ottoman Empire|1867 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire|16th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina|17th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina|18th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina|19th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina|States and territories established in 1580|States and territories disestablished in 1867|1580 establishments in Europe|1867 disestablishments in Europe |
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