| 词条 | Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society |
| 释义 |
The Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society (1833–1840) was an abolitionist, interracial organization in Boston, Massachusetts, in the mid-19th century. "During its brief history ... it orchestrated three national women's conventions, organized a multistate petition campaign, sued southerners who brought slaves into Boston, and sponsored elaborate, profitable fundraisers."[1][2] HistoryThe founders believed "slavery to be a direct violation of the laws of God, and productive of a vast amount of misery and crime, and convinced that its abolition can only be effected by an acknowledgement of the justice and necessity of immediate emancipation." The society aimed to "aid and assist in this righteous cause as far as lies within our power. ... Its funds shall be appropriated to the dissemination of truth on the subject of slavery, and the improvement of the moral and intellectual character of the colored population."[3] The group was independent of state and national organizations.[4] "In their early correspondence with other female antislavery societies, BFASS members admitted that an "astonishing apathy" about slavery and race matters had "prevailed" among them. After concluding that such complacency "cannot be desired," they committed themselves to "sleep no more" now that the "long, dark night is rapidly receding, the light of truth has unsealed our eyes, and fallen upon our hearts, [and] awakened our slumbering energies." ... The establishment of BFASS marks a dramatic upsurge in women's activity within Boston's abolitionist movement."[5] In 1835, a meeting of the Society was mobbed by local anti-abolitionists. William Lloyd Garrison, who had been scheduled to speak, was dragged through the streets of Boston at the end of a rope.[6] In 1836 the Society joined with other groups in suing for habeas corpus in the "freedom suit" known as Commonwealth v. Aves. They sought freedom for the young slave girl Med whose mistress had brought her to Boston from New Orleans on a trip. The court decided in favor of the slave's freedom and made Med a ward of the court. The decision caused an uproar in the South and added to tensions over slaveholders' travel to free states, as well as the hardening of positions in the years leading up to the Civil War. It was the first case in which a slave was determined to be free soon after being brought voluntarily to a free state.[7] That same year, the Society was involved in the Abolition Riot of 1836.[8] In 1837, leaders of the society included Lucy M. Ball, Martha Violet Ball, Mary G. Chapman, Eunice Davis, Mary S. Parker, Sophia Robinson, Henrietta Sargent, and her sister Catherine Sargent. Southwick, Catherine M. Sullivan, Anne Warren Weston, Caroline Weston, and Maria Weston Chapman.[9][10] Other affiliates of the society included Mary Grew,[11] Joshua V. Himes, Francis Jackson,[12] Maria White Lowell, Harriet Martineau, Abby Southwick,[13] Baron Stow, Mrs. George Thompson.[14] The society held a number of Anti Slavery Fairs in which women could embroider or sew articles with anti slavery mottoes on them, and then sell them to attendees to fund raise for their group. The Boston Fair was the largest one, but it inspired smaller fairs for the other female anti slavery groups as well. Including the Fall River Female Anti Slavery Society, which not only attended the Boston fair with their products to sell, but there is reports of them selling their articles in Fall River as well. This was used to fund raise for their group too. [15] Delegates from the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society also attended the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women, which included delegates from various female lead anti slavery groups around the country to discuss the rights of African American women. They had a system in which they would choose leads for the convention and more than once Mary S. Parker from the Boston group was chosen as president. An African American women who was also a member, Martha V. Ball was also chosen as one of the secretaries. [16] Infighting and factionalism characterized the society after a few years. "Within 7 short years, BFASS had risen to national prominence, only to dissolve amid confusion, acrimony, and ... bitterness."[17] See also
References1. ^Hansen. 1994; p.45-46 2. ^The society was sometimes referred to as the "Female Abolition Society," "Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society," or the "Boston Female A.S. Society." Cf. Boston Gazette, 1835 3. ^Constitution; May 1835. Report of the Boston Female Anti Slavery Society. 1836; p. 102. 4. ^Massachusetts Abolition Society. The true history of the late division in the anti-slavery societies: being part of the second annual report of the executive committee of the Massachusetts Abolition Society, Boston: David H. Ela, printer, 1841; p.20 5. ^Lois Brown, "Out of the Mouths of Babes: The Abolitionist Campaign of Susan Paul and the Juvenile Choir of Boston", New England Quarterly, Vol. 75, No. 1 (Mar., 2002), pp. 58. 6. ^{{cite web |website=TeachUSHistory.org |title=The Boston Riot of 1835 |url=http://www.teachushistory.org/second-great-awakening-age-reform/resources/boston-riot-1835}} 7. ^"Commonwealth v. Aves:1836, Slave or Free?", JRank, retrieved 11-26-10 8. ^{{cite journal |first1=Leonard W. |last1=Levy |authorlink=Leonard Levy |title=The 'Abolition Riot': Boston's First Slave Rescue |journal=The New England Quarterly |volume=25 |issue=1 |date=1952 |page=87 |jstor=363035}} 9. ^Annual report of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society]. 1837. 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/mariawestonchapman.html|title=Maria Weston Chapman and the Weston Sisters|author=Joan Goodwin|publisher=Unitarian Universalist Historical Society|accessdate=2010-08-23|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316004834/http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/mariawestonchapman.html|archivedate=2011-03-16|df=}} 11. ^Livermore and Willard, eds. A woman of the century: fourteen hundred-seventy biographical sketches accompanied by portraits of leading American women in all walks of life, Moulton, 1893 12. ^The Liberator, ca.1835 13. ^Kathryn Kish Sklar. "Women Who Speak for an Entire Nation": American and British Women Compared at the World Anti-Slavery Convention, London, 1840", Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 59, No. 4 (Nov., 1990). 14. ^Report of the Boston Female Anti Slavery Society, 1836; p. 73 15. ^Stevens, Elizabeth C. Elizabeth Buffum Chace and Lillie Chace Wyman: A Century of Abolitionist, Suffragist, and Workers' Rights Activism. United States: McFarland Publishing, 2003. 16. ^Ira V. Brown, ""Am I Not a Woman and a Sister?" The Anti Slavery Convention of American Women, 1837-1839", Pennsylvania State University 17. ^Hansen. 1994; p.45. Further reading
External links
12 : 1833 establishments in Massachusetts|1840 disestablishments in Massachusetts|Organizations established in 1833|Organizations disestablished in 1840|19th century in Boston|American abolitionist organizations|Freedom suits in the United States|History of women in Massachusetts|Organizations based in Boston|1830s in the United States|African-American history in Boston|Abolitionist organizations |
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