| 词条 | Bottle Rack |
| 释义 |
The Bottle Rack (also called Bottle Dryer or Hedgehog) (Egouttoir or Porte-bouteilles or Hérisson) is a proto-Dada artwork created in 1914 by Marcel Duchamp. Duchamp labeled the piece a "readymade", a term he used to describe his collection of ordinary, manufactured objects[1] not commonly associated with art. The readymades did not have the serious tone of European Dada works, which criticized the violence of World War I, and instead focused on a more nonsensical nature, chosen purely on the basis of a "visual indifference".[2] The Art Institute of Chicago purchased one of the replicas of Bottle Rack in 2018.[3][4] OriginMarcel Duchamp claimed to have bought the Bottle Rack at a department store called Bazar de l'Hôtel de Ville near the Paris city hall.[5] The Bottle Rack was a typical, metal rack used for the drying of bottles, but the spiky, aggressive appearance of the piece earned it the name of Hedgehog. Unlike the earlier Bicycle Wheel (1913) or Pharmacy (1913), the Bottle Rack was not modified in any way, making it the first, "true" example of a readymade.[6] The Bottle Rack also had an inscription scribbled on its side, much like the infamous R. Mutt of Duchamp's Fountain (1917) piece, though the actual words remain a mystery as Duchamp had forgotten the inscription by the time it had been thrown out.[2] LegacyThe original piece was destroyed, mistaken as garbage due to its appearance and thrown out by Duchamp's sister and stepsister after the artist left France in 1914 for the United States.[2] While the original no longer survives, the legacy of the work lives on, with at least seven replicas[7] residing in prominent museums, such as the Philadelphia Museum of Art,[8] the Norton Simon Museum, and the Moderna Museet. Without any actual modifications by the artist, the Bottle Rack is iconic for being Duchamp's first, "true" readymade. While Duchamp asserted that his readymades were done without any specific reason, art critics contend that the piece has sexual undertones of a Freudian nature. Critics suggest that the metal spikes represent the male genitalia, and that the absence of bottles is a reference to Duchamp being a bachelor at the time, a theme they claim is repeatedly conveyed throughout his works.[5] See also
Notes and references1. ^MOMA.org "Ready-made": "generally a product of modern mass production" {{Marcel Duchamp}}2. ^1 2 {{Cite book|last=Cabanne|first=Pierre|title=Dialogues with Marcel Duchamp|pages=47–48|isbn=0-306-80303-8|year=1987|publisher=Da Capo Press|location=New York, N.Y.|postscript=}} 3. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.artnews.com/2018/02/13/robert-rauschenbergs-rare-duchamp-readymade-goes-art-institute-chicago/ | title= Robert Rauschenberg's Rare Duchamp Readymade Goes to Art Institute of Chicago |website=ARTnews |first=Andrew |last=Russeth |date=February 13, 2018 | accessdate= February 15, 2018}} 4. ^{{cite news |first=Steve |last=Johnson |date=February 13, 2018 |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/ct-ent-art-institute-marcel-duchamp-acquisition-0214-story.html |title=Art Institute Wins Global Competition for Modern Masterpiece – a Multimillion Dollar Bottle Rack |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |access-date=February 15, 2018}} 5. ^1 {{cite web | url= http://arthist.binghamton.edu/duchamp/Bottle%20rack.html | title= Binghamton University Art Department of Art History: Duchamp | accessdate= 2008-02-25 | deadurl= yes | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080127015923/http://arthist.binghamton.edu/duchamp/Bottle%20rack.html | archivedate= 2008-01-27 | df= }} 6. ^{{cite news | url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/how-duchamp-made-a-splash-and-changed-art-forever-675093.html | title= How Duchamp Made a Splash (and changed art forever) | accessdate=2010-02-08 | publisher= BNET | location=London | first=Richard | last=Cork | date=2004-12-03}} 7. ^http://www.toutfait.com/unmaking_the_museum/Bottle%20rack.html 8. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/92377.html | title= Philadelphia Museum of Art: Collection | accessdate=2008-02-25}} 5 : Destroyed sculptures|Marcel Duchamp works|1914 sculptures|Modernist sculpture|Sculptures of the Norton Simon Museum |
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