| 词条 | Bourn Russell |
| 释义 |
|image = Bourn Russell.jpg |caption = |name = Bourn Russell |birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1794|12|1}} |birth_place = Rye, East Sussex |occupation = Master mariner, storekeeper, pastoralist and politician |death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1880|7|4|1794|12|1}} |death_place = Sydney, New South Wales }} Bourn Russell (1 December 1794 – 4 July 1880) was a British/Australian mariner, pastoralist, politician and businessman. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council between 1858 and 1880. He was also a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for four months in 1856. Early lifeRussell was the son of Bourn Russell, a merchant sea captain, and Hannah Chandler. His father was killed at sea when Bourn was a boy. He received an elementary education at the Rye Free Grammar School and was apprenticed to sea in the coal trade at age 15.[1] He was 2nd mate on a vessel trading to the Mediterranean when he was pressed into service on a British naval warship during the Napoleonic Wars.[2] On discharge from the navy he resumed his career as a merchant mariner and was soon a master of sailing vessels. On turning 21 years of age he inherited his father's estate, that included the family home. This he sold and used the money to become part owner of the ship Lady Rowena (352 tons) built at Montreal in 1825.[3] In AustraliaLady Rowena was serving as a convict transport under the command of Russell when she reached Sydney in May 1826.[4] It was noted in the press the 100 female convicts aboard were landed in good health. Lady Rowena returned to Britain and again came to Australia, this time on a trading voyage, arriving Hobart in November 1828.[5] Captain Russell came again on the same ship, arriving Sydney with a general cargo in August 1830, this time intending to stay.[6] He commanded the Lady Rowena on two deep-sea whaling voyages from Sydney between 1830 and 1835.[7] Among the crewmen aboard were two of his sons, William and Bourn jnr, serving as apprentice seamen. During these voyages he surveyed the Solomon Islands and in 1835 he published the result in an early map of that group of islands.[8] In March 1831, Captain Russell and his crew landed on the coast of Japan, possibly the first Australians to do so.[9]Russell had established his family in New South Wales by 1834 and in the early 1840s he developed pastoral interests and settled in Maitland. He was bankrupted in the recession of the late 1840s but regained his fortune by establishing a boiling-down works near Maitland to produce tallow for export to Britain. He and his wife had 5 sons and 2 daughters.[10] His fourth son, Henry Russell, became the New South Wales government astronomer. New South Wales ParliamentRussell was elected as the member for Northumberland Boroughs at the first election held in New South Wales under responsible government. He was the second candidate, after George Nichols, to be elected for the two member seat and he defeated the next candidate, Elias Weekes, by 13 votes. However, Weekes contested the election on the grounds that more than 20 people who were unqualified to vote had voted for Russell. After investigating this claim, the Assembly's Elections and Qualifications Committee overturned the result and awarded the seat to Weekes. Russell was unsuccessful in an attempt to regain the seat at the 1857 by-election caused by the death of Nichols. Following this defeat he accepted an appointment to the Legislative Council initially for a fixed term expiring in 1861 and then as a life member. He did not hold a ministerial or parliamentary position. References1. ^Noreen Jones, North to Matsumae; Australian whalers to Japan, (2008) University of Western Australia Press, Perth, p.8. {{ISBN|9780980296518}} 2. ^Jones, p.8. 3. ^Jones, p.8; Eileen Reid Marcill, (1995), The Charley-Man; a history of wooden shipbuilding at Quebec, 1763-1893, Kingston, Ontario, Quarry Press, p.386. {{ISBN|1-55082-093-1}}. 4. ^[https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2185838?searchTerm=%22“Lady%20rowena”%22%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20&searchLimits=notWords|||requestHandler|||anyWords|||exactPhrase=“Lady+rowena”|||dateTo|||dateFrom|||sortby=dateAsc|||l-decade=182 The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, 20 May 1826, p.2] 5. ^Ian Hawkins Nicholson, (1983), Shipping arrivals and departures, Tasmania, 1803-1833, Canberra, Roebuck, p.151. 6. ^Ian Nicholson, (1981) Shipping arrivals and departures, Sydney, 1836 to 1840, Canberra, Roebuck, p.53. 7. ^[https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=158421652052947;res=IELAPA Mark Howatd, “Masters of the Sydney whaling fleet, 1805-1896," Descent, 44 (2) June 2014, p.91.] 8. ^Howard, p.81. 9. ^[https://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/sydneys_whaling_fleet Lady Rowena goes to Japan, in, "Sydney’s whaling fleet", Dictionary of Sydney] 10. ^[https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/108736970?searchTerm=%22Bourn%20russell%22%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20&searchLimits=notWords%7C%7C%7CrequestHandler%7C%7C%7CanyWords%7C%7C%7Cl-state=New+South+Wales%7C%7C%7CexactPhrase=%22Bourn+russell%22%7C%7C%7CdateTo%7C%7C%7CdateFrom%7C%7C%7Csortby=dateAsc%7C%7C%7Cl-decade=188%7C%7C%7Cl-year=1880%7C%7C%7Cl-month=7 Evening News (Sydney), 6 July 1880, p.3.]
9 : 1794 births|1880 deaths|Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly|Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council|19th-century Australian politicians|Australian whalers|Australian pastoralists|19th-century Australian businesspeople|Australian hydrographers |
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