| 词条 | Bowen Stassforth | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Bowen Dow Stassforth | image = Bowen Stassforth 1952.jpg | image_size = 230px | alt = | caption = Stassforth in 1952 | fullname = Bowen Dow Stassforth | nicknames = | national_team = {{USA}} | strokes = Breaststroke | club = | collegeteam = University of Iowa | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1926|8|7|mf=yes}} | birth_place = Los Angeles, California, U.S.[1] | death_date = | death_place = | height = {{convert|5|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|173|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | medaltemplates ={{MedalCountry | the United States}}{{MedalCompetition | Olympic Games}}{{MedalSilver | 1952 Helsinki | 200 m breaststroke}}[2]{{MedalCompetition | Pan American Games}}{{MedalGold | 1951 Buenos Aires | 3×100 m medley}}[3]{{MedalBronze | 1951 Buenos Aires | 200 m breaststroke}}[4][5]{{MedalCompetition | US vs. Japan Dual Meets}}{{MedalGold | 1950 Osaka | 100 m breaststroke}}{{MedalGold | 1950 Osaka | 300 y medley relay}}[6]{{MedalSilver | 1950 Osaka | 200 y breaststroke}}[7]{{MedalSilver | 1950 Osaka | 100 y breaststroke}}[8]{{MedalSilver | 1950 Osaka | 50 y breaststroke}}{{MedalGold | 1950 Tokyo | 100 m breaststroke}}[9].{{MedalBronze | 1950 Tokyo | 200 m breaststroke}}{{MedalCompetition | Amateur Athletic Union}}{{MedalGold | 1952 Outdoor Championships | 220 yd breaststroke}}[10]{{MedalSilver | 1952 Outdoor Championships | 110 yd breaststroke}}[11]{{MedalBronze | 1952 Indoor Championships | 220 yd breaststroke}}[12]{{MedalBronze | 1952 Indoor Championships | 100 yd breaststroke}}[13]{{MedalSilver | 1951 Outdoor Championships | 200 m breaststroke}}[14]{{MedalSilver | 1950 Outdoor Championships | 220 yd breaststroke}}[15]{{MedalSilver | 1950 Outdoor Championships | 3×110 yd medley}}{{MedalBronze | 1950 Indoor Championships | 220 yd breaststroke}}[16]{{MedalBronze | 1950 Indoor Championships | 3×110 yd medley}}{{MedalBronze | 1949 Outdoor Championships | 200 m breaststroke}[17]{{MedalGold | 1949 Outdoor Championships | 3×100 m medley}}[18]{{MedalSilver | 1949 Indoor Championships | 3×100 yd medley}}{{MedalBronze | 1946 Indoor Championships | 3×100 m medley}}{{MedalSilver | 1945 Outdoor Championships | 200 m breaststroke}}[19]{{MedalCompetition | NCAA}}{{MedalBronze | 1952 Championships | 100 yd breaststroke}}{{MedalBronze | 1950 Championships | 200 yd breaststroke}}[20]{{MedalBronze | 1950 Championships | 100 yd breaststroke}} ({MedalSilver | 1950 Championships | 3×100 yd medley}} {{MedalGold | 1949 Championships | 3×100 m medley}}[21]{{MedalCompetition | Big Ten}}{{MedalSilver | 1952 Championships | 200 yd Breaststroke}}{{MedalBronze | 1952 Championships | 100 yd Breaststroke}}{{MedalSilver | 1950 Championships | 200 yd Breaststroke}}[22]{{MedalSilver | 1950 Championships | 100 yd Breaststroke}}{{MedalSilver | 1949 Championships | 200 yd Breaststroke}}{{MedalGold | 1949 Championships | 3X100 yd Medley Relay}}}}Bowen Dow Stassforth (born August 7, 1926) is an American former competition swimmer who won a silver medal in the 200 m breaststroke at the 1952 Olympics and set two world records in the 200-yard (long course) breaststroke.[23][24]and one world record in the 100 meter (long course) breaststroke[25] BiographyStassforth was an eight-time[26] All-American in swimming at the University of Iowa. At the conclusion of his career in 1952, he concurrently held 16[27] national breaststroke records in distances from 200 yards to 500 meters in 20 yard, short course and long course pools. He was also the 1952 Iowa AAU Athlete of the Year and Iowa AAU's nominee for the James E. Sullivan Award.[28] In his early life, Bowen had an intense fear of water, which was the result of having his head put under water by his caretaker. After his parents discovered this, swimming lessons commenced with Thelma Payne[29][30]at the Los Angeles Athletic Club. His athletic career as a swimmer began at Los Angeles High School (1942-44) as well as the Hollywood Athletic Club during which time he finished second at the California State Meet in the 200 yard breaststroke. Bowen swam in the era when the accepted arm motion of the breaststroke was optional with either the contemporary underwater breaststroke or the over the water arm motion now known as the butterfly. The leg movement was the frog kick. In 1953,[31] the stroke was bifurcated into the breaststroke and the butterfly using a dolphin kick. As a result, any records he held were subsequently wiped off the record books. At his first AAU National Outdoor Championship meet in 1945 representing Fleet Air Wing 14, he placed second in the 200-meter breaststroke.[32] [33] The next year in 1946, he placed sixth in the both the AAU National Indoor and Outdoor Championship 220y/200M breaststroke behind Joe Verdeur, Charles Keating and his future coach, James Counsilman.[34][35] He enrolled at the University of Iowa for the 1947-1948 school year and was coached by both David Armbruster and his assistant coach James Counsilman. He was not allowed to compete as a freshman, however, due to NCAA eligibility rules at that time.[36] He did, however, participate in the U.S. Olympic Trials in July 1948 placing seventh in the 200-meter breaststroke with a time of 2:47.7.[37] The following year, Bowen moved up the standings finishing third in the AAU Outdoor Championships 200 m breaststroke behind Keith Carter and Joe Verdeur the previous years' Olympic silver and gold medalists.[38] His first international competition came in 1950 as part of the American national swim team in several dual meets held in Japan.[39] This was the first time the American swim team had defeated Japan on Japanese soil.[40] At the dual meet in Toyko, Bowen set the world record in the 100 m breaststroke(long course) in 1:09.4 barely edging out his teammate Robert Brawner.[41] Later that year, he was second in the National AAU Outdoor Championships in the 220 yard breaststroke to Robert Brawner.[42] In 1951, he won a bronze medal in the 200-meter breaststroke with a time of 2:47.6[43] and a gold in the medley relay at the 1951 Pan American Games in Buenos Aires. At the National AAU Outdoor Championships in the 200 m breaststroke, Bowen was second to John Davies but ahead of Robert Brawner, third and Jerry Holan, fourth.[44] After a fourth place finish behind John Davies, Jerry Holan, and Robert Brawner at the NCAA finals in 1952 in the 200 yard Breaststroke[45], his Big Ten rival and friend, John Davies tipped off Bowen that his training regimen needed to be improved with several adjustments. As a result of these training adjustments, he qualified first overall at the 1952 US Olympic Trials beating both Brawner and Holan with an American citizen record time of 2:36.0 in the 200 m breaststroke.[46] At the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland, he qualified for the finals of the 200 m breaststroke. While on the starting blocks of the finals, the cold air caused his muscles to tense up. In order to counter act this, he purposely false started using the short time in the water to loosen back up. Back up on the blocks, he was careful not to false start again. When the race was over, he placed second losing by 0.3 of a second to his Big Ten rival and friend John Davies of the University of Michigan who represented Australia. His time of 2:34.7 set a new American record for the 200 m breaststroke (long course).[47][48][49] Herbert Klein the world record holder in the 200 m breaststroke in both short and long courses was third. Davies, Stassforth, and Klein were the only three swimmers to better 2:35 in history in the 200 m breaststroke (long course) prior to the bifurcation of the stroke in 1953. He finished his career later that month as the National AAU Outdoor Champion and the American record holder in the 220-yard breaststroke (a distance 3 feet 9 inches longer than the Olympic final) with the same time of 2:34.7 as the Olympic final.[50] After the race, Bowen remarked, "Up till now I never felt that I had done my best. Now I'm satisfied. That was it."[51] Although this was the fastest (pre-1953 bifurcation of the breaststroke) 220 y breaststroke (long course) in history, it stood only as the American record since FINA only recognizes the 200 y and 200 m distances for world record purposes. Bowen was inducted into the University of Iowa Hall of Fame in 1996[52]. Charles Roeser, the chairman of the U.S. Olympic men’s swimming committee in a letter to his coach David Armbruster, called Bowen “one of the most cooperative athletes I have ever known in thirty years of teaching and coaching.” He also called him “America’s greatest breaststroke champion, but more than that, a real American and gentleman whose conduct is a worthy example for others to follow.”[53][54]
See also
References1. ^{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/st/bowen-stassforth-1.html |title=Bowen Stassforth}} {{Commons category|Bowen Stassforth}}{{Footer USA Swimming 1952 Summer Olympics}}{{Footer Pan American Champions 4x100 m Medley Men}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Stassforth, Bowen}}2. ^1952 US Olympic Book Page 129 3. ^1952 US Olympic Book Page 349 4. ^New York Times 7 March 1951 Page 44 5. ^1952 US Olympic Book Page 349 6. ^Los Angeles Times 13 August 1950 Page B13 7. ^Los Angeles Times 13 August 1950 Page B13 8. ^Los Angeles Times 14 August 1950 Page C4 9. ^New York Times 6 August 1950 Page S1 10. ^New York Times 28 August 1952 Page 30 11. ^New York Times 27 August 1952 Page 35 12. ^New York Times 5 April 1952 Page 10 13. ^Cedar Rapids Gazette 30 March 1952 Section 4 Page 1 14. ^New York Times 28 July 1951 Page 21 15. ^New York Times 23 July 1950 Page S3 16. ^New York Times 1 April 1950 Page 23 17. ^New York Times 20 August 1949 Page 15 18. ^Los Angeles Times 18 August 1949 Page C1 19. ^Los Angeles Times 12 August 1945 Page A6 20. ^Iowa City Press Citizen March 25, 1950 Page 8 21. ^New York Times 27 March 1949 Page S1 22. ^Iowa City Press Citizen March 4, 1950 Page 8 23. ^Iowa City Press-Citizen 27 February 1952 Page 18 24. ^Escanaba Daily Press February 25, 1952 Page 8 25. ^New York Times 6 August 1950 Page S1 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hawkeyesports.com/sports/m-swim/stats/072004aaa.html |title=NCAA Champions, All-Americans & Olympians |publisher=hawkeyesports.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302045512/http://www.hawkeyesports.com/sports/m-swim/stats/072004aaa.html |archivedate=2014-03-02 |df= }} 27. ^Iowa City Press-Citizen 11 December 1952 Page 22 28. ^Mason City Globe 6 October 1952 Page 16 29. ^Olympian's Oral History Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles Interview March 1987 Oxnard CA between Anita DeFrantz and Thelma Payne Sanborn 30. ^Iowa City Press-Citizen 27 February 1952 Page 18 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.foxsportspulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?client=1-1669-0-0-0&sID=14492&&news_task=DETAIL&articleID=156173|title=History of Butterfly - Fiji Swimming |work=FOX SPORTS PULSE}} 32. ^{{cite web|title=1945 AAU Men's National Swimming Championships|url=http://www.ovguide.com/bowen-stassforth-9202a8c04000641f8000000009642333|website=ovguide.com}} 33. ^Los Angeles Times 12 August 1946 Page A6 34. ^New York Times 6 April 1946 Page 23 35. ^New York Times 5 August 1946 Page 28 36. ^Mason City Globe Gazette July 16, 1948 Page 15 37. ^Page 120 1948 US Olympic Book-Report of the US Olympic Committee 38. ^New York Times 20 August 1949 Page 15 39. ^Aims Daily Tribune 25 July 1950 Page 16 40. ^New York Times 6 August 1950 Page S1 41. ^New York Times 6 August 1950 Page S1 42. ^New York Times 23 July 1950 Page S3 43. ^Page 349 1952 US Olympic Book-Report of the US Olympic Committee 44. ^New York Times 29 July 1951 Page 21 45. ^Los Angeles Times 29 March 1952 Page B2 46. ^Page 124 1952 US Olympic Book-Report of the US Olympic Committee 47. ^Page 129 1952 US Olympic Book-Report of the US Olympic Committee 48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/athletes?search=1&athletename=stassforth|title=Athletes - Famous Olympic Athletes, Medalists, Sports Heroes|publisher=International Olympic Committee}} 49. ^{{cite web|title=Helsinki Opening Track and Pool|url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/oly12-helsinki-opening-track-and-pool-mens-200-meter-breastroke-final}} 50. ^{{cite news|last1=Friel|first1=Ed|title=Stassforth's Final Sprint Beats Holan in 220-Yard Breaststroke|publisher=Newark News|date=August 28, 1952}} 51. ^New York Times 28 August 1952 Page 30 52. ^Iowa City Press-Citizen 6 September 1996 Page 13/ 53. ^{{cite web|url=http://nealrozendaal.com/2012/08/01/bowen-stassforth/|title=Bowen Stassforth|work=Neal Rozendaal}} 54. ^Cedar Rapids Gazette September 14, 1952 Page 5 55. ^Iowa City Press-Citizen 27 February 1952 Page 18 56. ^{{cite news|last1=Friel|first1=Ed|title=Stassforth's Final Sprint Beats Holan in 220-Yard Breaststroke|publisher=Newark News|date=August 28, 1952}} 57. ^Page 129 1952 US Olympic Book-Report of the US Olympic Committee 58. ^Mason City Globe Gazette 24 April 1950 Page 9 59. ^Atlantic News Telegraph 3 May 1950 Page 6 60. ^Cedar Rapids Gazette 3 May 1950 Page 13 61. ^Mason City Globe Gazette 24 April 1950 Page 9 62. ^Burlington Hawk Eye Gazette June 12, 1952 Page 6 63. ^Cedar Rapids Gazette April 27, 1950 Page 21 64. ^Iowa City Press-Citizen 1 March 1952 Page 10 65. ^Mason City Globe Gazette 24 April 1950 Page 9 66. ^Cedar Rapids Gazette 3 May 1950 Page 21 67. ^Iowa City Press-Citizen 1 March 1952 Page 10 68. ^Burlington Hawk Eye Gazette June 12, 1952 Page 6 69. ^Burlington Hawk Eye Gazette 5 May 1950 Page 10 70. ^Cedar Rapids Gazette April 27, 1950 Page 21 71. ^Iowa City Press-Citizen 10 June 1952 Page 10 72. ^Burlington Hawk Eye Gazette 5 May 1950 Page 10 73. ^Cedar Rapids Gazette April 27, 1950 Page 21 74. ^Cedar Rapids Gazette 10 June 1952 Page 10 13 : 1926 births|Living people|American male breaststroke swimmers|Iowa Hawkeyes men's swimmers|Olympic silver medalists for the United States in swimming|Olympic swimmers of the United States|Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States|Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States|Sportspeople from Los Angeles|Swimmers at the 1951 Pan American Games|Swimmers at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Pan American Games medalists in swimming |
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