| 词条 | Brandt Mle 27/31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=Brandt mle 27 | image= Brandt Mle 27(31).JPG | image_size = 300 |caption=Brandt Mle 27/31 on display at the Romanian Navy Museum. |origin=France |type=Mortar |is_ranged=yes |is_explosive= |is_artillery=yes |service= |used_by=See users section |wars=Second World War First Indochina War[1] Algerian War[2] Portuguese Colonial War[3] Vietnam War[4] |designer=Edgar Brandt |design_date= |manufacturer= |unit_cost= |production_date= |number=8000 |variants=L13.7 L/15.6 |spec_label= |weight={{convert|56|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |length= |part_length={{convert|1.11|m|ftin|abbr=on}} L/13.7 {{convert|1.26|m|ftin|abbr=on}} L/15.6 |width= |height= |diameter= |crew=3[3] |cartridge_weight=Light: {{convert|3.25|kg|lboz|abbr=on}} Heavy: {{convert|6.5|kg|lboz|abbr=on}} |caliber={{convert|81|mm|in|abbr=on}} |barrels= |action= |rate=18 rounds per minute |velocity={{convert|174|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}} |range=Light: {{convert|2.8|km|mi|abbr=on}} Heavy: {{convert|1.2|km|mi|abbr=on}}[3] |max_range= |feed= |sights= |breech= |recoil= |carriage= |elevation=+45° to +85° |traverse=8° to 12° variable with elevation[3] |filling= |filling_weight= |detonation= |yield= }} The Brandt mle 27/31 mortar was a regulation weapon of the French army during the Second World War. Designed by Edgar Brandt, it was a refinement of the Stokes mortar. The Brandt mortar was highly influential, being licensed built or copied by numerous countries.[4] DescriptionThe Brandt mle 27/31 was a simple and effective weapon, consisting of a smoothbore metal tube fixed to a base plate (to absorb recoil), with a lightweight bipod mount.{{sfn|Manuel du gradé 1939|p=308}} The mle 27/31 could be disassembled into 3 loads, plus the ammunitions loads,{{sfn|Manuel du gradé 1939|pp=309-310}} and a complete crew was 10 men. When a mortar bomb was dropped into the tube, an impact sensitive primer in the base of the bomb would make contact with a firing pin at the base of the tube, and detonate, firing the bomb towards the target.{{sfn|Manuel du gradé 1939|p=311}} HE and smoke mortar bombs fired by the weapon weighed 3.25 kilograms.{{sfn|Manuel du gradé 1939|p=310}} UsersThis weapon along with the Stokes Mortar provided the pattern for most World War II era light mortars. France, Russia, Italy, China and the United States all had weapons built from this design many times with similar weights, dimensions and performance. In 1928, an unlicensed Polish copy was made as the Avia wz.28, but due to French pressure it was abandoned in 1931 because the French Brandt company held the patent for the ammunition. The Polish then produced a licensed copy as the wz.31 model (Polish: Moździerz piechoty 81 mm wz. 31) starting in 1935; 1,050 were made in Pruszków. By 1939, the Polish army was equipped with some 1,200 Stokes-Brandt mortars, most of them the newer 1931 model. Each Polish infantry battalion was intended to be equipped with four such mortars, but there were not enough available to fulfill this disposition.[5] The upgraded 1931 version was used by the Polish Army during, amongst others, the Battle of Westerplatte in 1939. In Romania, the mortar was licence-produced at the Voina Works in Brașov,[6] with a production rate of 30 pieces per month as of October 1942{{sfn|Axworthy|Scafes|Craciunoiu|1995|p=75}} (over 1,000 such mortars were built in Romania by mid-1943).{{sfn|Axworthy|Scafes|Craciunoiu|1995|p=147}}
See also
Notes1. ^{{cite book|title=Personal firepower|first=Edward Clinton|last= Ezell|publisher=Bantam Books|year=1988|series=The Illustrated history of the Vietnam War 15|oclc=1036801376|url=https://archive.org/details/personalfirepowe00ezel|page=41}} 2. ^{{cite magazine|language=fr|magazine=Gazette des Armes |issue=220 |date=March 1992|title=L'armement français en A.F.N.|pages=12-16|url=http://fr.1001mags.com/parution/gazette-des-armes/numero-220-mars-1992/page-16-17-texte-integral|first=Jean|last=Huon}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{harvnb|Chamberlain|1975|p=5}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Chris Bishop|title=The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MuGsf0psjvcC&pg=PA202|year=2002|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company|isbn=978-1-58663-762-0|page=202}} 5. ^{{cite book|author1=Steve Zaloga|author2=W. Victor Madej|title=The Polish campaign, 1939|year=1991|publisher=Hippocrene Books|isbn=978-0-87052-013-6|page=82}} 6. ^Great Britain. Foreign Office, Ministry of Economic Warfare, 1944, Rumania Basic Handbook, p. 27 7. ^{{cite book|title=Kangzhan: Guide to Chinese Ground Forces 1937–45|publisher=Helion & Company |isbn=9781910294420|date=July 2016|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=ZYQwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA345#v=onepage&q&f=false|first1=Leland|last1=Ness|first2=Bin|last2=Shih|pages=344-345}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=John Norris|title=Infantry Mortars of World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x4Imr80itp0C&pg=PA39|year=2002|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-84176-414-6|pages=39-40}} 9. ^{{cite book|title=Royal Netherlands East Indies Army 1936–42|series=Men-at-Arms 521|first=Marc|last= Lohnstein |date=23 Aug 2018|isbn=9781472833754 |page=13|publisher=Osprey Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U2dkDwAAQBAJ&q=Brandt}} 10. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Abbott|first1= Peter |last2=Rodrigues|first2= Manuel|title=Modern African Wars 2: Angola and Mozambique 1961-74|publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=1998|page=18}} 11. ^{{cite encyclopedia|title=81 mm m/29 mortar|encyclopedia=Jane's Infantry Weapons 2002-2003|url=https://archive.org/details/Janes_Infantry_Weapons/page/n4317|pages=4317-4318|year=2001|first1=Terry J. |last1=Gander}} 12. ^{{cite book|author=Ian V. Hogg|title=The American Arsenal: The World War II Official Standard Ordnance Catalog of Small Arms, Tanks, Armored Cars, Artillery, Antiaircraft Guns, Ammunition, Grenades, Mines, Etc|year=2001|publisher=Greenhill Books|isbn=978-1-85367-470-9|page=134}} 13. ^1 {{cite book|title=North Vietnamese Army Soldier 1958–75|series=Warrior 135|first=Gordon L. |last=Rottman|date= 10 Feb 2009|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=9781846033711|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iC21CwAAQBAJ|page=32}} References
External links
3 : World War II infantry mortars of France|81 mm artillery|Weapons of the Philippine Army |
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