“B recognition element”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The B recognition element (BRE) is a DNA sequence found in the promoter region of most{{clarify|date=April 2019}} genes in eukaryotes and Archaea.^[1]^[2] The BRE is a cis-regulatory element that is found immediately near TATA box, and consists of 7 nucleotides. There are two sets of BREs: one (BREu) found immediately upstream of the TATA box, with the consensus SSRCGCC; the other (BREd) found around 7 nucleotides downstream, with the consensus RTDKKKK.{{efn|In nucleic acid notation for DNA, R (puRine) stands for A/G (adenine or guanine, which are both purines); S (Strong) stands for C/G (cytosine or guanine, which base-pair to form three hydrogen bonds); K (Keto) stands for G/T; D (not C) stands for A/T/G.}}^[3]^[4]

The BREu was discovered in 1998 by Richard Ebright and co-workers.^[1] The BREd was named in 2005 by Deng and Roberts;^[5] such a downstream recognition was reported earlier in 2000 in Tsai and Sigler's crystal structure.^[7]

Binding

The transcription factor II B (TFIIB) recognizes either BRE and binds to it. Both BREs work in conjunction with the TATA box (and TATA box binding protein), and have various effects on levels of transcription.^[4]

TFIIB uses the cyclin-like repeats to recognize DNA. The C-terminal alpha helices of TFIIB intercalate with the major groove of the DNA at the BREu. The N-terminal helices bind to the minor groove at BREd. TFIIB is one part of the preinitiation complex that helps RNA polymerase II bind to the DNA.^[6]

In addition to the human TFIIB-BRE structure, structures from many other organisms have been solved. Among those are transcription factor B (TFB) from the archaeon Pyrococcus woesei which presents an inverted orientation^[7] and a TFIIB from the parasite Trypanosoma brucei which despite some specific insertions show a similar fold.^[8]

See also

Notes

References

1. ^¹{{cite journal| vauthors=Lagrange T, Kapanidis AN, Tang H, Reinberg D, Ebright RH| year=1998 |journal=Genes & Development| volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=34–44 |title=New core promoter element in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription: sequence-specific DNA binding by transcription factor IIB |pmid=9420329| doi=10.1101/gad.12.1.34| pmc=316406}}
2. ^{{cite journal| journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA| title=The structural basis for the oriented assembly of a TBP/TFB/promoter complex |year=1999 |vauthors=Littlefield O, Korkhin Y, Sigler PB |volume=96 |issue=24 |pages=13668–13673 |pmid=10570130| doi=10.1073/pnas.96.24.13668| pmc=24122}}
3. ^{{cite web |last1=Wilson |first1=David B. |title=Drosophila Core Promoter Motifs |url=http://gander.wustl.edu/~wilson/core_promoter_motifs.html |website=gander.wustl.edu |accessdate=2 April 2019}}
4. ^¹{{cite journal |last1=Juven-Gershon |first1=T |last2=Kadonaga |first2=JT |title=Regulation of gene expression via the core promoter and the basal transcriptional machinery. |journal=Developmental biology |date=15 March 2010 |volume=339 |issue=2 |pages=225-9 |doi=10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.08.009 |pmid=19682982 |pmc=2830304}}
5. ^{{cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=W |last2=Roberts |first2=SG |title=A core promoter element downstream of the TATA box that is recognized by TFIIB. |journal=Genes & development |date=15 October 2005 |volume=19 |issue=20 |pages=2418-23 |doi=10.1101/gad.342405 |pmid=16230532}}
6. ^¹{{cite journal |last1=Tsai |first1=FT |last2=Sigler |first2=PB |title=Structural basis of preinitiation complex assembly on human pol II promoters. |journal=The EMBO journal |date=4 January 2000 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=25-36 |doi=10.1093/emboj/19.1.25 |pmid=10619841}}
7. ^{{cite journal |last1=Kosa |first1=PF |last2=Ghosh |first2=G |last3=DeDecker |first3=BS |last4=Sigler |first4=PB |title=The 2.1-A crystal structure of an archaeal preinitiation complex: TATA-box-binding protein/transcription factor (II)B core/TATA-box. |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |date=10 June 1997 |volume=94 |issue=12 |pages=6042-7 |pmid=9177165}}
8. ^{{cite journal |last1=Ibrahim |first1=BS |last2=Kanneganti |first2=N |last3=Rieckhof |first3=GE |last4=Das |first4=A |last5=Laurents |first5=DV |last6=Palenchar |first6=JB |last7=Bellofatto |first7=V |last8=Wah |first8=DA |title=Structure of the C-terminal domain of transcription factor IIB from Trypanosoma brucei. |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |date=11 August 2009 |volume=106 |issue=32 |pages=13242-7 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0904309106 |pmid=19666603}}