| 词条 | Brevicipitidae |
| 释义 |
| image = Breviceps_gibbosus_Cape_Rain_Froga_-_Cape_Town_2.JPG | image_caption = Cape rain frog (Breviceps gibbosus) | taxon = Brevicipitidae | authority = Bonaparte, 1850 | type_genus = Breviceps | type_genus_authority = Merrem, 1820 | type_species = Rana gibbosa | type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See text. }}Brevicipitidae or rain frogs is a small family of frogs found in eastern and southern Africa. As of November 2013 contains 34 species in 5 genera.[1][2] Formerly included as subfamily in Microhylidae (narrow-mouth frogs), phylogenetic research has indicated the brevicipitine frogs should be considered as a family with Hemisotidae (shovelnose frogs) as the most closely related sister taxon.[3][4][5] Most adult brevicipitine frogs are not easily seen as they spend extended periods of time in soil or leaf litter. However, some species might be partly arboreal at times.[6] Many species show strong sexual size dimorphism, with females being much larger than males.[1] At least the frogs in Breviceps and Probreviceps genera breed by direct development, in which small froglets emerge from eggs without intervening aquatic tadpole phase. It is likely that the same applies to the other genera, too. The frogs lay small clutches of 13–56 fairly large eggs (4–8 mm diameter not including the protective capsule) in cover, often in underground burrows. With some species either male or female stays with eggs or close to the egg chamber, though the details and extent of brood care is poorly understood within Brevicipitidae as a whole.[6] Genera
References1. ^1 {{aut|AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation.}} [web application]. 2013. Berkeley, California: Brevicipitidae. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: 30 November 2013). {{Anura}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q55364}}2. ^{{cite web | url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/?action=references&id=1913 | title = Brevicipitidae Bonaparte, 1850 | work = Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.6 (9 January 2013) | author = Frost, Darrel R. | year = 2013 | accessdate = 30 November 2013}} 3. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Van Der Meijden | first1 = A. | last2 = Vences | first2 = M. | last3 = Hoegg | first3 = S. | last4 = Meyer | first4 = A. | title = A previously unrecognized radiation of ranid frogs in Southern Africa revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.001 | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 37 | issue = 3 | pages = 674–685 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15975829 | pmc = | url = http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-33942 }} 4. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Frost | first1 = D. R. | last2 = Grant | first2 = T. | last3 = Faivovich | first3 = J. N. | last4 = Bain | first4 = R. H. | last5 = Haas | first5 = A. | last6 = Haddad | first6 = C. L. F. B. | last7 = De Sá | first7 = R. O. | last8 = Channing | first8 = A. | last9 = Wilkinson | first9 = M. | last10 = Donnellan | first10 = S. C. | last11 = Raxworthy | first11 = C. J. | last12 = Campbell | first12 = J. A. | last13 = Blotto | first13 = B. L. | last14 = Moler | first14 = P. | last15 = Drewes | first15 = R. C. | last16 = Nussbaum | first16 = R. A. | last17 = Lynch | first17 = J. D. | last18 = Green | first18 = D. M. | last19 = Wheeler | first19 = W. C. | title = The Amphibian Tree of Life | journal = Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History | volume = 297 | pages = 1–291| year = 2006 | doi = 10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2 | pmid = | pmc = | hdl = 2246/5781}} 5. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Pyron | first1 = A. R. | last2 = Wiens | first2 = J. J. | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012 | title = A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 61 | issue = 2 | pages = 543–583 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21723399| pmc = }} 6. ^1 {{Cite journal | last1 = Müller | first1 = H. | last2 = Loader | first2 = S. P. | last3 = Ngalason | first3 = W. | last4 = Howell | first4 = K. M. | last5 = Gower | first5 = D. J. | title = Reproduction in brevicipitid frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae)—Evidence from Probreviceps m. macrodactylus | journal = Copeia | volume = 2007 | issue = 3 | pages = 726–733| year = 2007 | doi = 10.1643/0045-8511(2007)2007[726:RIBFAA]2.0.CO;2 | pmid = | pmc = }} 4 : Frogs by classification|Brevicipitidae|Amphibian families|Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。