“Head of Government of Tunisia”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Head of Government of Tunisia

释义

Appointment
Constitutional powers
List
Timeline
Footnotes
See also
External links

{{Infobox official post
|post = Head of the Government
|body = the Republic of Tunisia
|native_name = {{lang|ar|رئيس حكومة الجمهورية التونسية}}
|insignia = Coat of arms of Tunisia.svg
|insigniasize = 130px
|insigniacaption = Coat of Arms of Tunisia
|department =
|image = PM Youssef Chahed.png
|imagesize = 200px
|alt =
|incumbent = Youssef Chahed
|incumbentsince = 27 August 2016
|style =
|residence = Dar El Bey, Tunis, Tunisia
|nominator =
|nominatorpost =
|appointer = Beji Caid Essebsi,
{{small|as President of Tunisia}}
|termlength = No term limited
|inaugural = Mustapha Dinguizli
|formation = May 1922
|last =
|abolished =
|succession =
|deputy =
|salary =
|website = {{URL|http://www.pm.gov.tn}}
}}{{Politics of Tunisia}}

This page lists the holders of the office of Head of the Government of Tunisia ({{lang-fr|chef du gouvernement tunisien}}). The post was called Prime Minister until the Revolution, though that title is still used by many sources outside Tunisia. The office was created in May 1922. Mustapha Dinguizli was thus Tunisia's first Prime Minister in the modern sense. Prior to that, Tunisia had traditional Muslim-style viziers.

Appointment

After the election, the President nominate the candidate of the party which gained the most votes to form a government within a month. The nominee must submit its program to the Assembly of the Representatives of the People and get the trust of the majority of its members before being formally appointed the Head of Government by the President. If it fails to form a government or if it does not get the confidence, the President initiates consultations with the political parties to find the best candidate. If, four months after the election, the Assembly did not give confidence in the Head of Government, the President can call new election.

The Head of the Government swears to the following oath in the presence of the President:

{{quote|I swear by Almighty God to work faithfully for the good of Tunisia, to respect its Constitution and laws, scrupulously to their interests and serve loyally.}}

Constitutional powers

The powers of the Head of Government are established by the current Constitution of Tunisia of 2014. Under Articles 91, 92 and 94, the Head of Government sets the State's general policy except for foreign policy and domestic security. They are responsible for:

Creating, amending and dissolving ministries (Except ministries of Defence and Foreign Affairs which require the president's approval).
Creating, amending and dissolving public institutions, public entities and administrative departments.
Issuing governmental decrees after consulting the Council of Ministers.
Shall endorse and sign, where appropriate, regulatory orders issued by ministers.
Request the parliament to give vote of confidence to their government.

The Head of Government, together with the President, represent Tunisia at home and abroad.

List

No.	Portrait	Name {{small\|(Birth–Death)	Term of Office			Party	Head of State {{small\|(Reign / Term)
Grand Viziers of the Beylik of Tunis
1	{{lang>ar\|يوسف صاحب الطابع}} {{small\|({{circa}} 1765–1815)}}		1800	23 January 1815	Independent
2	{{lang>ar\|محمد العربي زروق خزندار}} {{small\|(1760–1822)}}		1815	1822	Independent
3	{{lang>ar\|حسين خوجة}} {{small\|(?–1857)}}		1822	1829	Independent
4	{{lang>ar\|شاكير صاحب الطابع}} {{small\|({{circa}} 1790–1837)}}		1829	1837	Independent
5	{{lang>ar\|مصطفى خزندار}} {{small\|(1817–1878)}}		1837	22 October 1873	Independent
6	{{lang>ar\|خير الدين باشا التونسي}} {{small\|(1822–1890)}}		22 October 1873	21 July 1877	Independent
7	{{lang>ar\|محمد خزندار}} {{small\|({{circa}} 1810–1889)}}		21 July 1877	24 August 1878	Independent
8	{{lang>ar\|أبو النخبة مصطفى بن اسماعيل}} {{small\|({{circa}} 1850–1887)}}		24 August 1878	12 September 1881	Independent
{{small\|(7)	{{lang>ar\|محمد خزندار}} {{small\|({{circa}} 1810–1889)}}		12 September 1881	October 1882	Independent
9	{{lang>ar\|محمد العزيز بوعتور}} {{small\|(1825–1907)}}		October 1882	4 February 1907	Independent
10	{{lang>ar\|امحمّد جلولي}} {{small\|(1834–1908)}}		18 February 1907	June 1908^[1]	Independent
11	{{lang>ar\|يوسف جعيط}} {{small\|(1830–1915)}}		June 1908	June 1915	Independent
12	{{lang>ar\|الطيب جلولي}} {{small\|(1857–1944)}}		October 1915	May 1922	Independent
Prime Ministers of the Beylik of Tunis
1	{{lang>ar\|مصطفى الدنقزلي}} {{small\|(1865–1926)}}		May 1922	20 October 1926^[1]	Independent
2	{{lang>ar\|خليل بوحاجب}} {{small\|(1863–1942)}}		3 November 1926	2 March 1932	Independent
3	{{lang>ar\|الهادي الأخوة}} {{small\|(1872–1949)}}		2 March 1932	31 December 1942	Independent
4	{{lang>ar\|محمد شنيق}} {{small\|(1889–1976)}}	1	1 January 1943	15 May 1943	Independent
5	{{lang>ar\|صلاح الدين البكوش}} {{small\|(1883–1959)}}	1	15 May 1943	21 July 1947	Independent	Muhammad VIII al-Amin {{lang\|ar\|محمد الثامن الأمين}} {{small\|(1943–1956)}}
6	{{lang>ar\|مصطفى الكعاك}} {{small\|(1893–1984)}}	•	21 July 1947	17 August 1950	Independent
{{small\|(4)	{{lang>ar\|محمد شنيق}} {{small\|(1889–1976)}}	2	17 August 1950	26 March 1952	Independent
{{small\|(5)	{{lang>ar\|صلاح الدين البكوش}} {{small\|(1883–1959)}}	2	12 April 1952	2 March 1954	Independent
7	{{lang>ar\|محمد الصالح مزالي}} {{small\|(1896–1984)}}	•	2 March 1954	6 July 1954	Independent
—	{{small>(1909–1975)}} {{small\|Acting Prime Minister}}		6 July 1954	7 August 1954	Independent
8	{{lang>ar\|الطاهر بن عمار}} {{small\|(1889–1985)}}	•	7 August 1954	20 March 1956	Destour
Prime Ministers of the Kingdom of Tunisia
{{small\|(8)	{{lang>ar\|الطاهر بن عمار}} {{small\|(1889–1985)}}	•	20 March 1956	11 April 1956	Destour	Muhammad VIII al-Amin {{lang\|ar\|محمد الثامن الأمين}} {{small\|(1956–1957)}}
9	{{lang>ar\|حبيب بورقيبة}} {{small\|(1903–2000)}}	•	11 April 1956	25 July 1957^[2]	Neo Destour
Prime Ministers of the Republic of Tunisia
Post abolished (25 July 1957 – 7 November 1969)^[3]								Habib Bourguiba {{lang\|ar\|حبيب بورقيبة}} {{small\|(1957–1987)}}
10	{{lang>ar\|الباهي الأدغم}} {{small\|(1913–1998)}}	•	7 November 1969	2 November 1970	Socialist Destourian Party
11	{{lang>ar\|الهادي نويرة}} {{small\|(1911–1993)}}	•	2 November 1970	23 April 1980	Socialist Destourian Party
12	{{lang>ar\|محمد مزالي}} {{small\|(1925–2010)}}	•	23 April 1980	8 July 1986	Socialist Destourian Party
13	{{lang>ar\|رشيد صفر}} {{small\|(1933–)}}	•	8 July 1986	2 October 1987	Socialist Destourian Party
14	{{lang>ar\|زين العابدين بن علي}} {{small\|(1936–)}}	•	2 October 1987	7 November 1987^[4]	Socialist Destourian Party
15		Hédi Baccouche {{lang\|ar\|الهادي البكوش}} {{small\|(1930–)}}	•	7 November 1987	27 September 1989	{{small>(until 1988)}}		Zine El Abidine Ben Ali {{lang\|ar\|زين العابدين بن علي}} {{small\|(1987–2011)}}
{{small\|(15)		Hédi Baccouche {{lang\|ar\|الهادي البكوش}} {{small\|(1930–)}}	•	7 November 1987	27 September 1989	Democratic Constitutional Rally
16	{{lang>ar\|حامد القروي}} {{small\|(1927–)}}	•	27 September 1989	17 November 1999	Democratic Constitutional Rally
17		Mohamed Ghannouchi {{lang\|ar\|محمد الغنوشي}} {{small\|(1941–)}}	1	17 November 1999	27 February 2011^[5]	{{small>(until 15 January 2011^[6])}}
{{small\|(17)			2	17 November 1999	27 February 2011^[5]	Independent		Fouad Mebazaa {{lang\|ar\|فؤاد المبزع}} {{small\|(2011)}}
18	{{lang>ar\|الباجي قائد السبسي}} {{small\|(1926–)}}	•	27 February 2011	24 December 2011	Independent			Fouad Mebazaa {{lang\|ar\|فؤاد المبزع}} {{small\|(2011)}}
Heads of Government of the Republic of Tunisia
19	{{lang>ar\|حمادي الجبالي}} {{small\|(1949–)}}	•	24 December 2011	14 March 2013	Ennahda Movement		Moncef Marzouki {{lang\|ar\|المنصف المرزوقي}} {{small\|(2011–2014)}}
20	{{lang>ar\|علي العريّض}} {{small\|(1955–)}}	•	14 March 2013	29 January 2014^[7]	Ennahda Movement
21	{{lang>ar\|مهدي جمعة}} {{small\|(1962–)}}	•	29 January 2014^[7]	6 February 2015	Independent
22	{{lang>ar\|حبيب الصيد}} {{small\|(1949–)}}	•	6 February 2015	27 August 2016	Independent		Beji Caid Essebsi {{lang\|ar\|الباجي قائد السبسي}} {{small\|(2014–)}}
23	{{lang>ar\|يوسف الشاهد}} {{small\|(1975–)}}	•	27 August 2016	Incumbent	Nidaa Tounes

Timeline

ImageSize = width:600 height:1700

PlotArea = left:45 right:0 bottom:150 top:20

Legend = columns:2 left:40 top:100 columnwidth:300

AlignBars = early

Colors=

  id:grid     value:gray(0.80)  id:grid2    value:gray(0.95)

  id:NP   value:gray(0.867)      legend:No_party  id:ND   value:rgb(0.6,0.1,0.1) legend:Neo-Destour/SDP/CDR  id:CFR  value:rgb(0,0.5,0)     legend:CFR  id:EM   value:rgb(0,0,0.5)     legend:Ennahda  id:NT   value:red              legend:Nidaa_Tounes  id:Vac  value:black            legend:Office_vacant

DateFormat = yyyy

Period = from:1957 till:2019

TimeAxis = orientation:vertical order:reverse

ScaleMajor = grid:grid unit:year increment:5 start:1959

ScaleMinor = grid:grid2 unit:year increment:1 start:1957

PlotData=

  from:1957  till:1969 color:Vac  text:"Vacant_1957–87"  from:1969  till:1970 color:ND  text:"Bahi Ladgham_1969–70"  from:1970  till:1980 color:ND  text:"Hedi Nouira_1970-80"  from:1980  till:1986 color:ND  text:"Mohamed Mzali_1980-86"  from:1986  till:1987 color:ND  text:"Bechir Sfar_1986-87"  from:1987  till:1987 color:ND  text:"Zine El Abidine Ben Ali_1987"  from:1987  till:1989 color:ND  text:"Hedi Baccouche_1987-89"  from:1989  till:1999 color:ND  text:"Hamed Karoui_1987-89"  from:1999  till:2011 color:ND  text:"Mohamed Ghannouchi_1999-2011"  from:2011  till:2012  color:NP  text:"Beji Caid Essebsi_2011"  from:2012  till:2013  color:EM  text:"Hamadi Jebali_2011-13"  from:2013  till:2014  color:EM  text:"Ali Laraayedh_2013-14"  from:2014  till:2015  color:NP  text:"Mehdi Jomaa_2014-15"   from:2015  till:2017 color:NP  text:"Habib Essid_2015-16"  from:2017  till:end  color:NT text:"Youssef Chahed_2016– (incumbent)"

  from:1957  till:1987 color:ND  text:"Habib Bourguiba_1957–87"  from:1987  till:2011 color:ND  text:"Zine El Abidine Ben Ali_1987–2011"  from:2011  till:2012 color:NP  text:"Fouad Mebazaa_2011"  from:2012  till:2015 color:CFR  text:"Moncef Marzouki_2011–14"  from:2015  till:end  color:NT  text:"Beji Caid Essebsi_2014– (incumbent)"

Footnotes

1. ^¹Died in office.
2. ^Deposed Muhammad VIII al-Amin and became President.
3. ^During this interval the Secretary of the Presidency, Bahi Ladgham, acted as the de facto Prime Minister.
4. ^Deposed Bourguiba in a coup d'état and became President.
5. ^Resigned during the Revolution.
6. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12220862 |title=Tunisia: New government leaders quit ruling party |publisher=BBC News |date=15 January 2011}}
7. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/01/29/tunisias-new-government-independents-sworn/|agency=Daily News Egypt|title=Tunisia’s new government of independents sworn in|date=29 January 2014|accessdate=29 January 2014}}

External links

World Statesmen - Tunisia

{{Tunisia topics}}{{TunisiaPMs}}{{Heads of state and government of African states}}{{Tunisian ministries}}{{Prime Minister}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Prime Minister Of Tunisia}}

3 : Prime Ministers of Tunisia|Lists of prime ministers|Lists of political office-holders in Tunisia

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