“Brighton Speed Trials”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Brighton Speed Trials, in full The Brighton National Speed Trials, is commonly held to be the oldest running motor race.^[1] The first race was held 19–22 July 1905 after Sir Harry Preston persuaded Brighton town council to tarmac the surface of the road adjacent to the beach between the Palace Pier and Black Rock to hold motor racing events. This stretch was renamed Madeira Drive in 1909 and the event is still held there, normally on the second Saturday of September each year. In 1936 Motor Sport described the event as: "undoubtedly the most important speed-trials on the British Calendar." ^[2]

Following a fatal motorcycle combination crash in 2012 Brighton & Hove City Council considered banning the event. However, on 23 January 2014 the Economic Development and Culture Committee voted in favour of the event continuing.

History

The Brighton National Speed Trials is commonly held to be the oldest running motor race.^[3] The first race was held 19–22 July 1905 after Sir Harry Preston persuaded Brighton town council to tarmac the surface of the road adjacent to the beach between the Palace Pier and Black Rock to hold motor racing events. This stretch was renamed Madeira Drive in 1909 and the event is still held there, normally on the second Saturday of September each year. In 1936 Motor Sport described the event as: "undoubtedly the most important speed-trials on the British Calendar." ^[4]

Interruptions

The first speed trial, called the "Brighton Motor Trials", was held in July 1905, but because of the cost and opposition from ratepayers, it was not held again until 1923.

A police ban of racing on public roads interrupted activity from 1925–1931, but because Madeira Drive was a private road owned by the council it was eventually exempt from the ban.

The Speed Trials were not run between 1939–1945 due to World War II. The 1939 event had been scheduled for 23 September.^[5]

In 1969 the fuel crisis led to the cancellation of this year's event.^[6] Autocar reported in 1970: "Last year this traditional event did not take place because the condition of the road surface was thought unsuitable for the more powerful sprint cars."^[7]

In 2013 the council declined the club's application to run the event following a fatal accident in 2012. Following a Save Brighton Speed Trails campaign the event was reinstated in 2014.

Notable people

The Dragster Era

The first announcement that a dragster would race in Brighton came from Wally Parks, in an editorial in Hot Rod Magazine in August 1958. Parks had nominated Calvin Rice to travel from the USA to England with the Hot Rod Magazine Special for the speed trials. In the event the trip was aborted.^[8]

In 1961 Sydney Allard built the Allard dragster in the UK^[9] and its first competitive appearance was at the Brighton Speed Trials on 2 September 1961. A new track record over the kilometre was anticipated but a fuel line ruptured caused a misfire and a time of 37.91 secs. Hot Rod Magazine reported: "During warmup it backfired and blew off one set of blower pipes and never got going." ^[10] The reputation of the car never fully recovered, and Bill Boddy, editor of Motor Sport, called it a fiasco,^[11] saying the mechanical problems had also occurred in testing at Boreham. The Autocar described the Allard dragster as a "gallant failure."^[12]

At Brighton on 15 September 1962 the Allard dragster clocked two runs at 22.30 and 22.04 seconds. A respectable performance but no outright win or record. Motor Sport reported: "It appears that before the end of the Brighton kilometre the Allard dragster had burst the pipe between supercharger and engine, a common problem with such an installation and the reason why the Americans bolt their blowers on the engine, eliminating a long induction pipe." ^[13]

Sydney Allard was joined on 14 September 1963, by Dante Duce in Dean Moon's Mooneyes gas dragster^[14] and Mickey Thompson with his Ford-powered Harvey Aluminum Special for some match-race style action. It was not to be. The American cars were not really suited to the kilometre, and there were no clocks for a quarter-mile distance. They had no brakes at the front and parachute brakes at the rear, no rear suspension, and advertising on the bodywork. All of this was enough to give the scrutineers (technical inspectors) fits. The cars did demonstrations only, reduced to burnouts and wheelstands, but left a lasting impression on the crowd. The Allard dragster put two rods through the block on Madeira Drive that day.^[15] The Worden dragster of Tony Densham and Harry Worrall, a budget effort powered by a Shorrock-supercharged 1,500 c.c. Ford engine, was entered in the 1,101 to 1,500 c.c. racing car class, and, although not geared for the kilometre, finished second to Patsy Burt, in a time of 27.86 sec.^[16] Densham would later set the British land speed record at Elvington in the Ford-powered Commuter dragster.

The canny Duce returned in 1964 with the Moonbeam modified sports car, which at least looked like a traditional European sporty car, but with a drag race and Bonneville heritage. The car as raced in Brighton was fitted with a 375-cubic inch supercharged Chevrolet V8 engine and a Devin bodyshell,^[17] and was originally built in 1959.^[18] Dante Duce also borrowed an A.C. Shelby Cobra, chassis number CSX2345, from John Wyer, and entered it in the GT class,^[19] car number 110 at Brighton.^[20]

Duce cleaned up that day winning overall in the Moonbeam in a time of 21.95 sec, and first in Sports and GT cars over 2,500 c.c., in the Cobra roadster in 24.35 sec.^[21]

Soon Brighton started holding dragster demonstrations over the quarter mile. In 1972 Clive Skilton produced an 8.18 sec run in his rear-engined Chrysler dragster.^[22] In 1973 Dennis Priddle ran a smoky 7.69 sec quarter mile in his front-motored Chrysler dragster, which remains the quickest quarter yet seen on Brighton seafront. Motor Sport reported: "The sheer bravery and courage of the West Country lad as the Dragster accelerated along the bumpy, cambered road, brought forth the most incredible spontaneous round of applause heard at a motoring event for many years." ^[23]

The dragsters were getting too quick for Brighton and there were concerns about how to deal with fires involving exotic fuels. They faded from the scene with only occasional wins by drag-race type vehicles, such as Shaun Saunders (2000) and Paul Marston (2001, 2002).

Current events

The event is currently run as a quarter mile sprint for both cars and motorcycles, held under the auspices of the Motor Sports Association. The event is organised by the Brighton and Hove Motor Club, with the Sprint Section of the Vintage Motorcycle Club in charge of the Motorcycles. Entrants run individually, although in earlier days vehicles would race side by side. This practice was stopped following a number of accidents. The course length has varied over the years, generally becoming shorter to keep terminal speeds manageable as cars have got faster. The speed trials form a unique event, where vintage and exotic classics meet the latest in street and racing cars. Public access is allowed to the paddock and startline 'funnel' allowing visitors to get much closer to the action than at most events.

Timetable of events

Classes of cars

Results

Track record

Fastest time of the day

Motorbikes fastest time of the day

See also

References

1. ^Brighton and Hove Motor Club
2. ^Motor Sport, February 1936, Page 126.
3. ^Brighton and Hove Motor Club
4. ^Motor Sport, February 1936, Page 126.
5. ^Motor Sport, September 1939, Page 276.
6. ^The Brighton National Speed Trials in the 1960s, 1970s & 1980s, (2004), Tony Gardiner, Veloce Publishing {{ISBN|1-903706-88-2}}, Pages 25–26.
7. ^The Autocar, 20 August 1970, Page 28.
8. ^Hot Rod Magazine, September 1958.
9. ^Car owned by the National Motor Museum, Beaulieu, (2010).
10. ^Hot Rod Magazine, December 1961, Page 102.
11. ^Motor Sport, October 1961, Page 829.
12. ^The Autocar, 8 September 1961, Pages 378–379.
13. ^Motor Sport, November 1962, Page 866.
14. ^Hot Rod Magazine, September 1961, Pages 62–63; For a photograph of Mooneyes at the Brighton Speed Trials see Motor Sport, October 1963, Centre Spread; Car in the Don Garlits Museum of Drag Racing, Ocala, Florida, (2010).
15. ^Motor Sport, October 1963, Page 769.
16. ^Autocar, 20 September 1963, Pages 543–544; For a photograph of the Worden dragster at the Brighton Speed Trials see Motor Sport, October 1963, Centre Spread.
17. ^Road & Track, November 1964, Pages 52–56. Car in the Don Garlits Museum of Drag Racing, Ocala, Florida, (2010).
18. ^Hot Rod Magazine, February 1962, Pages 86–89.
19. ^Rinsey Mills, AC Cobra, The truth behind the Anglo-American legend, Page 115, Haynes Publishing, 2002, {{ISBN|1-85960-849-3}}. Car in the Shelby American Collection, Boulder, Colorado, (2010): http://www.shelbyamericancollection.org/
20. ^Brighton Speed Trials programme, 1964, Page 24.
21. ^Autocar, 18 September 1964, Pages 549, 576, 579; Motor Sport, October 1963, Pages 769, 770.
22. ^Autosport, 14 September 1972, Page 46.
23. ^Motor Sport, October 1973, Pages 1136, 1140.
24. ^The Manchester Guardian, 21 July 1905, Page 12. Earp won the Daily Mail Challenge Cup.
25. ^The Light Car and Cyclecar, 20 July 1923, Page 238: "...on each side of the half-mile course..."; Motor Sport, April 1955, Page 191: "Sprint Results of the Nineteen-Twenties" also lists the course as half-mile. Two later references state that racing was on a quarter-mile course viz: T.R. Nicholson, Sprint – Speed Hillclimbs and Speed Trials in Britain: 1899–1925, David & Charles, 1969, Page 208; Car facts and feats: a record of everyday motoring and automotive achievement, edited by Anthony Harding, Doubleday & Co., N.Y., 1971, Pages 140–141. The contemporary reference and Motor Sport are relied upon here.
26. ^The Light Car and Cyclecar, 20 July 1923, Page 238: "A.-C. MAKES FAST TIME"; The Autocar, 20 July 1923; Brighton & Hove Herald, 21 July 1923; Motor Sport, April 1955, Page 191: "Sprint Results of the Nineteen-Twenties" lists the overall winner on 14 July 1923 as J.A. Joyce (A.C.). The event was restricted to cars up to 1,500 c.c. and run as a knockout competition in six classes. J.A. Joyce won the top class for cars up to 1,500 c.c. of any type. No times were published. See also: Motor Sport, November 1962, Page 903; T.R. Nicholson, Sprint – Speed Hillclimbs and Speed Trials in Britain: 1899–1925, David & Charles, 1969, Page 208: "Joyce's time (not quoted) was fastest of the day and gave him the 1,500 cc class."
27. ^Motor Sport, November 1962, Page 901; T.R. Nicholson, Sprint – Speed Hillclimbs and Speed Trials in Britain: 1899–1925, David & Charles, 1969, Page 234; Car facts and feats: a record of everyday motoring and automotive achievement, edited by Anthony Harding, Doubleday & Co., N.Y., 1971, Pages 140–141. For an obituary of G.N. Norris see: Motor Sport, November 1926, Page 146.
28. ^The Brooklands Gazette, December 1924, Page 248: For a photograph of J.A. Joyce.
29. ^The Motor, 9 September 1924, Page 250; The Light Car and Cyclecar, 12 September 1924, Page 486; The Autocar, 12 September 1924, Page 469; The Brooklands Gazette, October 1924, Page 168.
30. ^{{cite journal |journal=Motor Sport |date=February 1949 |pages=Page 33 |title=Obituary: Sir Malcolm Campbell}}
31. ^Motor Sport, October 1932, Pages 545–546.
32. ^Motor Sport, October 1933, Pages 540, 542.
33. ^Motor Sport, October 1934, Pages 554–555.
34. ^The Observer, 15 September 1935, Page 29.
35. ^Motor Sport, January 1937, Pages 46–48; Motor Sport, September 1946, Pages 202–203.
36. ^Motor Sport, December 1936, Pages 35–37.
37. ^Motor Sport, October 1937, Pages 426–427.
38. ^The Autocar, 8 July 1938, Page 86.
39. ^Motor Sport, October 1946, Pages 219–223.
40. ^Split Seconds – My Racing Years, Raymond Mays "ghosted" by Dennis May, G.T. Foulis & Co. Ltd. 1952, Page 285.
41. ^Motor Sport, November 1948, Page 319; Split Seconds – My Racing Years, Raymond Mays "ghosted" by Dennis May, G.T. Foulis & Co. Ltd. 1952, Page288.
42. ^Motor Sport, October 1948, Page 317.
43. ^Motor Sport, November 1984, Page 1330: Biography.
44. ^Motor Sport, October 1949, Pages 395–396.
45. ^Motor Sport, October 1950, Page 493.
46. ^The Observer, 2 September 1951, Page 5.
47. ^Motor Sport, October 1952, Page 472.
48. ^Motor Sport, October 1953, Page 520.
49. ^The Autocar, 10 September 1954, Page 367; Motor Sport, October 1954, Pages 560–561.
50. ^The Autocar, 9 September 1955, Page 362; Motor Sport, October 1955, Pages 602, 623; Motor Racing, October 1955, Page 400.
51. ^Motor Sport, October 1955, Pages 600–601; The Motor Year Book 1957, Temple Press, Page 203.
52. ^Autosport, 13 September 1957, Pages 326–327; The Autocar, 13 September 1957, Pages 376–377; Motor Sport, October 1957, Page 578. The winning car was registered TNK 500.
53. ^Motor Sport, October 1958, Page 689.
54. ^The Autocar, 11 September 1959, Page 191: FTD Cooper (A.Owen)23.5 sec 95.1 m.p.h.Motor Sport, October 1959, Page 795:"During the racing car classes in the afternoon Arthur Owen proved to have the fastestcar present by streaking down the Madeira Drive in 23.50 sec., an average speed of 95.1 m.ph."Motor Racing, October 1959, Page 368:"the best that the four-wheelers could achieve was a brisk 23.50 by Arthur Owen inthe 2-litre Cooper-Climax, very close to the Car Record of 23.34,.."
55. ^The Autocar, 9 September 1960, Page 403.
56. ^Motor Sport, September 1960, Page 730.
57. ^Motor Sport, October 1961, Page 829.
58. ^Motor Sport, October 1962, Page 810.
59. ^Motor Sport, October 1962, Page 775.
60. ^The Autocar, 20 September 1963, Pages 543–544; Motor Sport, October 1963, Page 770.
61. ^Road & Track, November 1964, Pages 52–56. The car raced in Brighton was fitted with a 375-cubic inch supercharged Chevrolet engine and aDevin bodyshell. Now in the Don Garlits Museum of Drag Racing, Ocala, Florida.
62. ^Motor Sport, October 1964, Page 800.
63. ^Motor Sport, October 1965, Page 860.
64. ^Motor, 24 September 1966; Motor Sport, October 1966, Page 888.
65. ^Motor, 28 June 1969, Pages 66–67: Obituary.
66. ^Motor Sport, October 1967, Page 903.
67. ^Motor Sport, September 1961, Page 729.
68. ^The Autocar, 19 September 1968, Pages 18–19; Motor, 28 September 1968, Page 61.
69. ^Autosport, 14 September 1972, Page 46: The ex-Sir Nick Williamson hillclimb championship winning car.
70. ^Autosport, 13 September 1973, Page 58; Motor Sport, October 1973, Pages 1136, 1140.
71. ^Autosport, 18 September 1975, Page 50.
72. ^Autosport, 16 September 1976, Page 56.
73. ^Autosport, 15 September 1977, Page 53.
74. ^Autosport, 21 September 1978, Page 63.
75. ^Autosport, 13 September 1979, Page 66. See also: Autosport, 20 September 1979, Page 55.
76. ^Autosport, 18 September 1980, Pages 60–61.
77. ^Autosport, 16 September 1982, Pages 63–64.
78. ^Autosport, 15 September 1983, Page 72.
79. ^Autosport, 13 September 1984, Page 65.
80. ^Autosport, 19 September 1985, Pages 70–71.
81. ^Autosport, 18 September 1986, Page 64.
82. ^Autosport, 17 September 1987, Pages 56–57.
83. ^Autosport, 15 September 1988, Page 67.
84. ^Autosport, 14 September 1989, Pages 60–61.
85. ^Autosport, 17 September 1992, Pages 66–67.
86. ^Autosport, 16 September 1993, Page 65.
87. ^Autosport, 15 September 1994, Page 62.
88. ^Autosport, 14 September 1995, Page 99: Ex-Emilio de Villota/Roger Orgee Formula Atlantic car.
89. ^Autosport, 19 September 1996, Pages 94, 107.
90. ^Autosport, 18 September 1997, Page 99. The Miller Exocet was a modified Chevron B54 Sports 2000 chassis plus Chevrolet motor.
91. ^Autosport, 17 September 1998, Page 101.
92. ^Autosport, 14 September 2000, Page 111.
93. ^Autosport, 16 September 2004, Page 102. Jim Tiller, Allard J2, FTD in 10.20sec (140mph). "Richard Lee won the top six run-off in his Metro 6R4 with a time of 10.34sec (133mph)."
94. ^Autosport, 17 September 2009, Page 81:
MIKE ENDEAN'S Gould Xtrac Ford
Puma won the annual Brighton Speed
trials for the second year in succession
last weekend. Endean won the event with
a 9.63s (142mph) effort in his 700bhp
twin-turbo machine, beating the
10.01s (136mph) run of Steven Broughton
in his wingless SBD/OMS CF08.
(Complete report.)

95. ^BHMC 2010 Official Results
96. ^The Manchester Guardian, 21 July 1905, Page 12; Sydney Morning Herald, 25 August 1905, Page 11.
97. ^The Brooklands Gazette, October 1924, Page 168.
98. ^Motor Sport, October 1932, Page 546.
99. ^Motor Sport, October 1934, Page 554-555.
100. ^Motor Sport, October 1935, Page 542. See also The Observer, 15 September 1935, Page 29.
101. ^Motor Sport, December 1936, Page 37. See also 1946 Brighton Speed Trials programme.
102. ^For table of pre-war winners see Brighton Speed Trials Programme 1981, 1982.
103. ^Motor Sport, October 1946, Page 223.
104. ^Motor Sport, October 1947, Page 287.
105. ^Motor Sport, October 1952, Page 247.
106. ^Motor Sport, October 1953, Page 520.
107. ^The Autocar, 10 September 1954, Page 367; Motor Sport, October 1954, Page 561.
108. ^The Manchester Guardian, 5 September 1955, Page 2; Motor Sport, October 1955, Page 602.
109. ^The Manchester Guardian, 14 May 1956, Page 2.
110. ^Motor Sport, October 1958, Page 689.
111. ^The Autocar, 11 September 1959, Page 191; Motor Sport, October 1959, Page 795. For a photograph of Basil Keys at Brighton see Motor Sport, January 1960, Page 39.
112. ^Motor Sport, October 1961, Page 823.
113. ^Motor Sport, October 1961, Page 829.
114. ^Motor Sport, October 1962, Page 775.
115. ^The Autocar, 20 September 1963, Page 544 – Quotes previous record as 20.99 sec; Motor Sport, October 1963, Page 769.
116. ^Motor Sport, October 1965, Page 860.
117. ^Motor Sport, October 1966, Page 888.
118. ^The Motor, 23 September 1967, Pages 96–97; Motor Sport, October 1967, Page 903, credits Phil Manzano, Torquemada I 500 c.c., with B.T.D. in 20.81 sec, but see Motor Sport, January 1968, Page 13, for correction.
119. ^Autosport, 14 September 1972, Page 46.
120. ^Motor Sport, October 1973, Pages 1136, 1140.
121. ^Autosport, 18 September 1975, Page 50.
122. ^Autosport, 21 September 1978, Page 63.
123. ^Autosport, 15 September 1994, Page 62.
124. ^Autosport, 14 September 1995, Page 99.
125. ^Autosport, 18 September 1997, Page 99.