| 词条 | Brigitte (magazine) |
| 释义 |
| title = Brigitte | image_file = Brigitte (magazine).jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | editor = Brigitte Huber | frequency = Biweekly | circulation = | category = Women's magazine | company = Gruner + Jahr | publisher = | founded = {{start date and age|1886}} | country = Germany | based = Hamburg | language = German | website = brigitte.de }}Brigitte is the largest women's magazine of Germany, with a circulation of around 800,000 and an estimated readership of 3,6 million.[1] History and profileThe magazine was first published in 1886 under the name Das Blatt der Hausfrau (meaning Housewife’s Journal in English).[2][3] Its target audience was the middle-class bourgeois housewife and the magazine often covered articles about child-rearing and foods.[2] During World War II it stopped publication.[2] The magazine was relaunched in 1949 and was renamed as Brigitte in 1954.[2][4] Brigitte merged with another women's magazine Constanze in 1969.[4] Brigitte is published every two weeks by Gruner + Jahr.[1] The headquarters is in Hamburg.[5] The magazine launched its website in April 1997.[6] The target audience of the magazine is both housewives and working women.[7]Andreas Lebert and Brigitte Huber served as co-editors of Brigitte.[8] Lebert, after serving in the post from 2002 to 2012, left the magazine to become editor-in-chief of Zeit Wissen magazine.[9]In 2010 the magazine began to employ women who were not professional models.[10] CirculationBrigitte had a circulation of 150,000 copies in 1926.[2] It was 940,700 copies in 1999.[11] During the fourth quarter of 2000 its circulation rose to 958,258 copies.[12] In 2001 it was one of top 50 women's magazine worldwide with a circulation of 958,000 copies.[13] In 2004 the magazine had a circulation of 771,281 copies.[14] Its circulation was 693,248 copies in 2010.[15]See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Magazines in the reading room|url=http://www.goethe.de/ins/gb/gla/bib/best/zei/enindex.htm|publisher=Goethe Institute|accessdate=9 August 2014}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal|author=Nina Sylvester|title=Before Cosmopolitan|journal=Journalism Studies|date=2007|volume=8|issue=4|pages=550–554|doi=10.1080/14616700701411953}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=John Sandford|title=Encyclopedia of Contemporary German Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TuMsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA199|accessdate=3 May 2015|date=3 April 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-81603-1|page=199}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Catherine C. Fraser|author2=Dierk O. Hoffmann|title=Pop Culture Germany!: Media, Arts, and Lifestyle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YGgaLBLodH0C&pg=PA200|accessdate=1 November 2014|date=1 January 2006|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-733-3|page=200}} 5. ^{{cite book|title=Western Europe 2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M9QYndAPmuQC&pg=PA294|accessdate=28 February 2016|date=30 November 2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-85743-152-0|page=294}} 6. ^{{cite journal |first=Ulrich |last=Kaiser |title=The Effects of Website Provision on the Demand for German Women's Magazines |journal=NBER Working Paper No. 8806 |date=February 2002 |doi=10.3386/w8806 |url=http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/24490/1/dp0169.pdf }} 7. ^{{cite journal|author=Katharina M. Dallmann|title=Targeting women in German and Japanese magazine advertising: A difference‐in‐differences approach|journal=European Journal of Marketing|date=2001|volume=35|issue=11/12|issn=0309-0566|doi=10.1108/EUM0000000006478|pages=1320–1341}} 8. ^BRIGITTE führt Chefredaktionen zusammen {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808053004/http://woman.brigitte.de/service/presse/pressemitteilungen/online-print-1035472/ |date=8 August 2010 }} Birgitte 9. ^{{cite web|title=Lebert becomes editor-in-chief of ZEIT WISSEN|url=http://www.featuresexec.com/bulletin/news_article.php?id=20359#.Uk_fJWRJVgs|work=Media Bulletin|accessdate=5 October 2013|author=Veronika Wehner|date=15 July 2013}} 10. ^{{cite news|title=Top German magazine trades models for "real" women|url=http://www.dw.de/top-german-magazine-trades-models-for-real-women/a-5093457|accessdate=14 November 2014|work=Deutsche Welle|date=7 January 2010}} 11. ^{{cite book|author1=Ingomar Kloss|author2=M. Abe|title=Advertising Worldwide: Advertising Conditions in Selected Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8-kg-A7_nyAC&pg=PA130|accessdate=29 March 2015|date=1 January 2001|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-67713-0|page=130}} 12. ^{{cite news|author=Fiona Jebb|title=Campaign report on Germany|url=http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/news/37777/|accessdate=30 March 2015|work=Campaign|date=13 April 2001}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Top 50 Women's magazines worldwide (by circulation)|url=http://www.magazine.org.tw/events/school/report/wmt/Top50Womens.pdf|work=Magazines|accessdate=30 March 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101746/http://www.magazine.org.tw/events/school/report/wmt/Top50Womens.pdf|archivedate=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Women's Magazines in Germany|url=http://www.bleispa.it/_uploads/news/docnews396.pdf|work=Gruner+Jahr|accessdate=1 March 2015|location=Hamburg|date=March 2005|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032933/http://www.bleispa.it/_uploads/news/docnews396.pdf|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=World Magazine Trends 2010/2011 |url=http://www.revistas-ari.com/attachments/209_WMT_2010_2011_Europe.pdf |work=FIPP |accessdate=4 April 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165145/http://www.revistas-ari.com/attachments/209_WMT_2010_2011_Europe.pdf |archivedate=2 April 2015 |df=dmy }} Literature
External links
6 : 1886 establishments in Germany|Biweekly magazines|German-language magazines|German women's magazines|Magazines established in 1886|Magazines published in Hamburg |
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