| 词条 | Brill Publishers |
| 释义 |
| image = | traded_as = {{euronext|BRILL}} | parent = | status = | founded = 1683 | founder = Jordaan Luchtmans | successor = | country = Netherlands | headquarters = Leiden | distribution = Turpin Distribution[1] | keypeople = | publications = Books, academic journals | topics = | genre = | imprints = Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Rodopi | revenue = | numemployees = | nasdaq = | url = {{URL|https://brill.com/}} }} Brill ({{euronext|BRILL}}) (known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill Academic Publishers) is a Dutch international academic publisher founded in 1683 in Leiden, Netherlands. With offices in Leiden, Boston, Paderborn and Singapore, Brill today publishes 275 journals and around 1200 new books and reference works each year. In addition, Brill is a provider of primary source materials online and on microform for researchers in the humanities and social sciences. Areas of publicationBrill publishes in the following subject areas: {{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
HistoryLuchtmans, 1683–1848The roots of Brill go back to May 17, 1683, when a certain Jordaan Luchtmans was registered as a bookseller by the Leiden booksellers' guild.[2] As was customary at the time, Luchtmans combined his bookselling business with publishing activities. These were primarily in the fields of biblical studies, theology, Oriental languages, and ethnography. Luchtmans established close ties with the University of Leiden, which was then one of the major centers of study in these areas. E. J. Brill, 1848–1896In 1848, the business passed from the Luchtmans family to that of E. J. (Evert Jan) Brill, a former employee. In order to cover the financial obligations that he inherited, E. J. Brill decided to liquidate the entire Luchtmans book stock in a series of auctions that took place between 1848 and 1850.[3] Brill continued to publish in the traditional core areas of the company, with occasional excursions into other fields. Thus, in 1882, the firm brought out a two-volume {{lang|nl|Leerboek der Stoomwerktuigkunde}} ("Handbook of Steam Engineering"). More programmatically, however, in 1855 {{lang|nl|Het Gebed des Heeren in veertien talen}} ("The Lord's Prayer in Fourteen Languages") was meant to publicize Brill's ability to typeset non-Latin alphabets, such as Hebrew, Aramaic, Samaritan, Sanskrit, Coptic, Syriac, Arabic, among several others.[4] Brill goes public, 1896–1945; World War IIIn 1896, Brill became a public limited company, when E. J. Brill's successors, A. P. M. van Oordt and Frans de Stoppelaar, both businessmen with some academic background and interest, died. A series of directors followed, until in 1934, Theunis Folkers took over the reins. His directorship marked a period of unprecedented growth in the history of the company, due to a large extent to Folkers' cooperation with the German occupying forces during World War II. For the Germans, Brill printed foreign-language textbooks so that they could manage the territories they occupied, but also military manuals, such as "a manual which trained German officers to distinguish the insignias of the Russian army".[5] In 1934, the company had a turnover of 132,000 guilders; by 1943, this had increased to 579,000 guilders.[6] Brill's recent history, 1945–presentAfter the war, the Dutch denazification committee determined the presence of "enemy money" in Brill's accounts. Folkers was arrested in September 1946, and deprived of the right to hold a managerial post.[7] The company itself, however, escaped the aftermath of the war relatively unscathed; after some negotiation its fines were fixed at 57,000 guilders.[8] Brill's path in the post-war years was again marked by ups and downs, though the company remained faithful in its commitment to scholarly publishing. The late 1980s brought an acute crisis due to over-expansion, poor management, as well as general changes in the publishing industry. Thus, in 1988–91 under new management the company underwent a major restructuring, in the course of which it closed some of its foreign offices, including Cologne. Its London branch was already closed by then. Brill, moreover, sold its printing business, which amounted "to amputat[ing] its own limb".[9] This was considered painful, but necessary to save the company as a whole. No jobs were lost in the process. The reorganization managed to save the company, which has since then undergone an expansion that as recently as 1990 had been inconceivable. As of 2008, Brill was publishing around 600 books and 100 journals each year, with a turnover of 26 million euros.[10] Open accessBrill publishes several open access journals[11] and is one of thirteen publishers to participate in the Knowledge Unlatched pilot; a global library consortium approach to funding open access books.[12] In 2013, Brill created the IFLA/Brill Open Access Award for initiatives in the area of open access monograph publishing together with the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions.[13] Brill is a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association. See also
Notes1. ^[https://brill.com/page/Ordering-Trade/ordering Ordering from Brill] 2. ^Sytze van der Veen, Brill: 325 Years of Scholarly Publishing (Leiden: Brill, 2008), {{ISBN|978-90-04-17032-2}}) p. 11. 3. ^van der Veen, 45. 4. ^van der Veen, 51. 5. ^van der Veen, 108. 6. ^van der Veen, 103 and 109. 7. ^van der Veen, 111. 8. ^van der Veen, 115. 9. ^van der Veen, 144. 10. ^van der Veen, 153. 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://brill.com/page/OpenAccess/open-access-at-brill|title=Open Access with Brill|work=brill.com}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/publishers/|title=KU Select For Publishers|work=knowledgeunlatched.org}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.researchinformation.info/news/news_story.php?news_id=1081|title=Brill and IFLA announce new OA prize|work=researchinformation.info}} References
External links
7 : 1683 establishments in the Dutch Republic|Academic publishing companies|Book publishing companies of the Netherlands|Companies established in 1683|Companies listed on the Euronext exchanges|Media in Leiden|Publishing companies established in the 17th century |
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